scholarly journals The Role of Ranged Horses in Eco-Epidemiology of Rickettsia raoultii Infection in China

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiao-Cheng Chang ◽  
Yang Hu ◽  
Ting-Ting Wu ◽  
Xiao-Xiao Ma ◽  
Bao-Gui Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Sequences ◽  
Rickettsia Raoultii ◽  
Vertebrate Hosts

Rickettsia raoultii is a tick-borne pathogen that infects humans; however, the vertebrate hosts of this pathogen have not been clearly defined. Our molecular examination of Rickettsia spp. infecting mammals and ticks in China, identified the gltA, ompA, and 17KD gene sequences of R. raoultii in horses and their ticks. This indicates a role of horses in R. raoultii epidemiology.

The Behavioral Response to Heat in the Common Bed Bug,Cimex lectularius (Hemiptera: Cimicidae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Berry
Keyword(s):  
Petri Dish ◽  
Cimex Lectularius ◽  
Bed Bugs ◽  
Bed Bug ◽  
Host Interaction ◽  
Video Images ◽  
Spherical Ball ◽  
The Common ◽  
Vertebrate Hosts

AbstractThe bed bug, Cimex lectularius L., is a common ectoparasite found to live among its vertebrate hosts. Antennal segments in bugs are critical for sensing multiple cues in the environment for survival. To determine whether the thermo receptors of bed bugs are located on their antennae; innovative bioassays were created to observe the choice between heated and unheated stimuli and to characterize the response of bugs to a heat source. Additionally, the effect of complete antenectomized segments on heat detection were evaluated. Heat, carbon dioxide, and moisture are cues that are found to activate bed bug behavior; a temperature at 38°C was used to assess the direction/degree at which the insect reacts to the change in distance from said stimulus. Using a lightweight spherical ball suspended by air through a vacuum tube, bed bugs and other insects are able to move in 360° while on a stationary point. Noldus EthoVision XT was used to capture video images and to track the bed bugs during 5-min bioassays. A bioassay was created using four Petri dish arenas to observe bed bug attraction to heat based on antennae segments at 40°C. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of heat on complete antenectomized segments of the antennae. The results in this experiment suggest that bed bugs detect and are attracted to heat modulated by nutritional status. Learning the involvement of antennae segments in heat detection will help identify the location and role of thermoreceptors for bed bug host interaction.

scholarly journals Emerging roles of non-coding RNAs in vector-borne infections

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (5) ◽  
pp. jcs246744
Author(s):  
Chaima Bensaoud ◽  
Larissa Almeida Martins ◽  
Hajer Aounallah ◽  
Michael Hackenberg ◽  
Michail Kotsyfakis
Keyword(s):  
Protein Activity ◽  
Arthropod Vector ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Defense Systems ◽  
Sequencing Studies ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Vertebrate Hosts ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Eukaryotic Genomes

ABSTRACTNon-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are nucleotide sequences that are known to assume regulatory roles previously thought to be reserved for proteins. Their functions include the regulation of protein activity and localization and the organization of subcellular structures. Sequencing studies have now identified thousands of ncRNAs encoded within the prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes, leading to advances in several fields including parasitology. ncRNAs play major roles in several aspects of vector–host–pathogen interactions. Arthropod vector ncRNAs are secreted through extracellular vesicles into vertebrate hosts to counteract host defense systems and ensure arthropod survival. Conversely, hosts can use specific ncRNAs as one of several strategies to overcome arthropod vector invasion. In addition, pathogens transmitted through vector saliva into vertebrate hosts also possess ncRNAs thought to contribute to their pathogenicity. Recent studies have addressed ncRNAs in vectors or vertebrate hosts, with relatively few studies investigating the role of ncRNAs derived from pathogens and their involvement in establishing infections, especially in the context of vector-borne diseases. This Review summarizes recent data focusing on pathogen-derived ncRNAs and their role in modulating the cellular responses that favor pathogen survival in the vertebrate host and the arthropod vector, as well as host ncRNAs that interact with vector-borne pathogens.

Role of calreticulin from parasites in its interaction with vertebrate hosts

2004 ◽  
Vol 40 (17) ◽  
pp. 1279-1291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviana Ferreira ◽  
Marı́a Carmen Molina ◽  
Carolina Valck ◽  
Álvaro Rojas ◽  
Lorena Aguilar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vertebrate Hosts

scholarly journals Role of the mutant spectrum in adaptation and replication of West Nile virus

2007 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 865-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander T. Ciota ◽  
Kiet A. Ngo ◽  
Amy O. Lovelace ◽  
Anne F. Payne ◽  
Yangsheng Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Reverse Genetics ◽  
Viral Fitness ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Mosquito Cells ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Mutant Spectrum ◽  
Vertebrate Hosts ◽  
Adaptive Constraints

West Nile virus (WNV) has successfully spread throughout the USA, Canada, Mexico, the Caribbean and parts of Central and South America since its 1999 introduction into North America. Despite infecting a broad range of both mosquito and avian species, the virus remains highly genetically conserved. This lack of evolutionary change over space and time is common with many arboviruses and is frequently attributed to the adaptive constraints resulting from the virus cycling between vertebrate hosts and invertebrate vectors. WNV, like most RNA viruses studied thus far, has been shown in nature to exist as a highly genetically diverse population of genotypes. Few studies have directly evaluated the role of these mutant spectra in viral fitness and adaptation. Using clonal analysis and reverse genetics experiments, this study evaluated genotype diversity and the importance of consensus change in producing the adaptive phenotype of WNV following sequential mosquito cell passage. The results indicated that increases in the replicative ability of WNV in mosquito cells correlate with increases in the size of the mutant spectrum, and that consensus change is not solely responsible for alterations in viral fitness and adaptation of WNV. These data provide evidence of the importance of quasispecies dynamics in the adaptation of a flavivirus to new and changing environments and hosts, with little evidence of significant genetic change.

scholarly journals Ticks of the genus Rhipicephalus Koch, 1844 in Senegal: Review host associations, chorology, and associated human and animal pathogens

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
Massamba Sylla ◽  
Marc Souris ◽  
Jean-Paul Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Complex Data ◽  
Medical Entomology ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Animal Pathogens ◽  
Tick Distribution ◽  
Vertebrate Hosts ◽  
Host Relationships

Ticks of the genus Rhipicephalus (Acari: Ixodidae) in Senegal were reviewed. The data presented originate from a tick collection maintained at IRD’s Laboratory of Medical Entomology since 1967 and continuously enriched with samples obtained from different vertebrate hosts captured during various projects conducted in Senegal from 1987 to 2007. Fifteen Rhipicephalus tick species were collected and characterized, resulting in 1127 referenced collections. Three species were of the Boophilus subgenus: Rhipicephalus (Bo.) annulatus, Rh. (Bo.) decoloratus and Rh. (Bo.) geigyi. The twelve others were Rh. boueti, Rh. cuspidatus, Rh. evertsi, Rh. guilhoni, Rh. lunulatus, Rh. muhsamae, Rh. sanguineus, Rh. senegalensis, Rh. sulcatus, Rh. tricuspis, Rh. turanicus and Rh. ziemanni. Although there were recent indications that Rh. turanicus should have been considered as part of the Rh. sanguineus s.l. complex, data regarding these two ticks were presented separately. The collection comprised 14,165 tick specimens at different developmental stages. Data concerning their host relationships as well as distribution and seasonal dynamics were also presented. Vertebrate hosts were identified and listed in the different ecological zones of Senegal. The role of the ticks as potential vectors of pathogens has been reviewed. Climate change, causing variations in rainfall and temperature, will impact tick distribution and dynamics. The situation supports the necessity of this inventory of tick populations for (re)emerging tick-borne diseases surveillance and monitoring.

scholarly journals Detection of Rickettsia RaoultiI Genotypes in Southern Kazakhstan

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 43-45
Author(s):  
I. E. Samoylenko ◽  
L. V. Kumpan ◽  
N. A. Okolelova ◽  
Y. P. Igolkina ◽  
A. Yu. Tikunov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Shell Vial ◽  
Rickettsia Raoultii

Previously it was established that different species of genus Rickettsia were detected in Kazakhstan. Nevertheless, rickettsial species spectrum of some regions of Kazakhstan has not been studied. Dermacentor niveus ticks from Southern Kazakhstan were investigated using cell cultures by shell vial technique. The first isolates close related to genotypes Rickettsia raoultii RpA4 and DnS14 were obtained. The role of these agents in tick-borne rickettsioses morbidity in Southern Kazakhstan is discussed.

scholarly journals Strain-specific diversity of mucus-binding proteins in the adhesion and aggregation properties of Lactobacillus reuteri

Microbiology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 156 (11) ◽  
pp. 3368-3378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald A. MacKenzie ◽  
Faye Jeffers ◽  
Mary L. Parker ◽  
Amandine Vibert-Vallet ◽  
Roy J. Bongaerts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Cell Aggregation ◽  
Spontaneous Mutant ◽  
Vertebrate Hosts

Mucus-binding proteins (MUBs) have been revealed as one of the effector molecules involved in mechanisms of the adherence of lactobacilli to the host; mub, or mub-like, genes are found in all of the six genomes of Lactobacillus reuteri that are available. We recently reported the crystal structure of a Mub repeat from L. reuteri ATCC 53608 (also designated strain 1063), revealing an unexpected recognition of immunoglobulins. In the current study, we explored the diversity of the ATCC 53608 mub gene, and MUB expression levels in a large collection of L. reuteri strains isolated from a range of vertebrate hosts. This analysis revealed that the MUB was only detectable on the cell surface of two highly related isolates when using antibodies that were raised against the protein. There was considerable variation in quantitative mucus adhesion in vitro among L. reuteri strains, and mucus binding showed excellent correlation with the presence of cell-surface ATCC 53608 MUB. ATCC 53608 MUB presence was further highly associated with the autoaggregation of L. reuteri strains in washed cell suspensions, suggesting a novel role of this surface protein in cell aggregation. We also characterized MUB expression in representative L. reuteri strains. This analysis revealed that one derivative of strain 1063 was a spontaneous mutant that expressed a C-terminally truncated version of MUB. This frameshift mutation was caused by the insertion of a duplicated 13 nt sequence at position 4867 nt in the mub gene, producing a truncated MUB also lacking the C-terminal LPxTG region, and thus unable to anchor to the cell wall. This mutant, designated 1063N (mub-4867i), displayed low mucus-binding and aggregation capacities, further providing evidence for the contribution of cell-wall-anchored MUB to such phenotypes. In conclusion, this study provided novel information on the functional attributes of MUB in L. reuteri, and further demonstrated that MUB and MUB-like proteins, although present in many L. reuteri isolates, show a high genetic heterogeneity among strains.

Serological Evidence of Arbovirus Infection in Native and Domesticated Mammals on the South Coast of New-South-Wales

1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
TG Vale ◽  
DM Spratt ◽  
MJ Cloonan
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
South Coast ◽  
Ross River Virus ◽  
The South ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Epidemic Polyarthritis ◽  
Vertebrate Hosts ◽  
Arbovirus Infection

Sera from twelve species of native and five species of introduced mammals collected on the south coast of New South Wales between 1982 and 1988 were tested for antibodies to the following arboviruses: Ross River virus (621 animals tested); Barmah Forest virus (371); Gan Gan virus (337); Trubanaman virus (378). Serum neutralising antibodies to Ross River virus were found in bandicoots, wallabies, kangaroos, cattle, goat and horses; to Barmah Forest virus in kangaroo, cattle and horses; to Gan Gan virus in kangaroos, wallabies, rat, cows, horses and sheep; and to Trubanaman virus in kangaroos, wallabies, cows and horses. Titres to Ross River virus in seropositive native animal sera ranged from 32 to 1024 and those in seropositive domesticated animal sera ranged from 8 to 32 768. Prevalence of serum antibodies in macropodids, cattle and horses was: Ross River virus, 68, 19, 62%; Barmah Forest virus, 4, 26, 9%; Gan Gan virus, 44, 13, 13%; Trubanaman virus, 60, 3, 10% respectively. Evidence suggests that: (1) kangaroos and wallabies are major vertebrate hosts for Ross River virus; (2) the role of bandicoots warrants further investigation; (3) horses may be important amplifying hosts of the virus, which causes epidemic polyarthritis in man in Australia.

Role of regulatory peptides in parasitic platyhelminths and their vertebrate hosts: possible novel factors in host-parasite interactions

Parasitology ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 102 (S1) ◽  
pp. S93-S105 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Shaw ◽  
C. F. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Peptides ◽  
The Body ◽  
Neural Pathways ◽  
Target Tissue ◽  
Original Stimulus ◽  
Classical Work ◽  
Distant Target ◽  
Vertebrate Hosts ◽  
Host Parasite

The study of regulatory peptides has its origins in the classical work of Bayliss & Starling (1902). Their pioneering work on the presence of a factor in intestinal extracts which, when injected into the bloodstream of experimental animals, elicited pancreatic secretion, led to the genesis of the concept of the hormone, i.e. a chemical messenger which is released from one part of the body in response to a stimulus to travel in the bloodstream to a distant target tissue where it would elicit a physiological response appropriate to the original stimulus. In keeping with accepted scientific tradition, this concept had its critics. Pavlov, who had been studying secretory stimulation from a different perspective, concluded from his work on salivation in dogs, that this was mediated via neural pathways. With hindsight, and the benefits of knowledge obtained from nearly a century of scientific research, we now know that these pioneers were in actual fact studying different aspects of the same process and that both theories were complementary. In fact, it is becoming increasingly difficult to ascribe secretory control to either circulating or neuronal factors as both appear to be intimately involved in regulation.

Polyphasic characterization of four species of Pseudanabaena (Oscillatoriales, Cyanobacteria) from China and insights into polyphyletic divergence within the Pseudanabaena genus

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 192 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gongliang Yu ◽  
Mengling Zhu ◽  
Youxin Chen ◽  
Qianqian Pan ◽  
Wenbo Chai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Main Stream ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequences ◽  
Polyphasic Characterization ◽  
Taxonomic Studies

Current cyanobacterial taxonomic studies are mainly performed through polyphasic characterization at the genus and/or species levels. In this study, eleven Pseudanabaena strains isolated in China were taxonomically and phylogenetically evaluated by investigating several characteristics, including morphological features, cellular ultrastructures, pigment composition, and 16S rRNA gene sequences. The strains were identified as four morphospecies, namely, Pseudanabaena mucicola, P. galeata, P. limnetica, and P. minima. The cellular ultrastructures of these species showed that peripheral thylakoids with 4‒8 parallel layers were parietally distributed. Phylogenetic results based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that most of the Pseudanabaena strains used in this study, including the eleven from China and three Pseudanabaena catenata strains from GenBank, gathered into one large cluster that represents the core of the genus Pseudanabaena. Several Pseudanabaena species/strains that represent different extreme environments were phylogenetically located outside the main stream cluster and should be removed under the genus Pseudanabaena on the basis of the role of the main stream species. Limnothrix strains were divided into two clades, and the taxonomic solution for these clades was discussed. This study is the first to report on the morphology and phylogeny of Pseudanabaena species in China, providing new insights into the taxonomy of the genera Pseudanabaena and Limnothrix.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document