Broad Spectrum Algae Compounds Against Viruses

The pharmaceutical industry is currently trying to develop new bioactive compounds to inactivate both enveloped and non-enveloped viruses for therapeutic purposes. Consequently, microalgal and macroalgal bioactive compounds are being explored by pharmaceutical, as well as biotechnology and food industries. In this review, we show how compounds produced by algae include important candidates for viral control applications. We discuss their mechanisms of action and activity against enveloped and non-enveloped viruses, including those causing infections by enteric, parenteral, and respiratory routes. Indeed, algal products have potential in human and animal medicine.

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A novel tricationic fullerene C60 as broad-spectrum antimicrobial photosensitizer: mechanisms of action and potentiation with potassium iodide

Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences ◽

10.1007/s43630-021-00021-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 327-341

Author(s):

Maximiliano L. Agazzi ◽

Javier E. Durantini ◽

Ezequiel D. Quiroga ◽

M. Gabriela Alvarez ◽

Edgardo N. Durantini

Keyword(s):

Potassium Iodide ◽

Broad Spectrum ◽

Mechanisms Of Action ◽

Fullerene C60

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Kabuli and Apulian black Chickpea Milling By-Products as Innovative Ingredients to Provide High Levels of Dietary Fibre and Bioactive Compounds in Gluten-Free Fresh Pasta

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26154442 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (15) ◽

pp. 4442

Author(s):

Michela Costantini ◽

Carmine Summo ◽

Michele Faccia ◽

Francesco Caponio ◽

Antonella Pasqualone

Keyword(s):

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Dietary Fibre ◽

Absorption Capacity ◽

Nutritional Deficiencies ◽

Structural Quality ◽

Gluten Free ◽

Food Industries ◽

Chickpea Flour ◽

Fresh Pasta

Gluten-free (GF) products, including pasta, are often characterised by nutritional deficiencies, such as scarce dietary fibre and excess of calories. Chickpea flour is increasingly being used by the food industries. Hulls, rich in dietary fibre and bioactive compounds, are discarded after milling. The aim of this work was to evaluate the quality features of short-cut GF fresh pasta added of hull (8% w/w) derived from kabuli (KH) or Apulian black (ABH) chickpeas, in comparison with control GF pasta prepared without hull. The enriched pasta, which could be labelled as “high fibre”, was characterised by a higher level of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity than the control. ABH-enriched pasta showed the highest anthocyanins (33.37 ± 1.20 and 20.59 ± 0.11 mg/kg of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside on dry matter in raw and cooked pasta, respectively). Hull addition increased colour intensity and structural quality of GF pasta: ABH-enriched pasta had the lowest cooking loss and the highest water absorption capacity; KH-enriched pasta showed the highest firmness. No significant differences in sensory liking were found among the samples, except for “aftertaste”. Chickpea hull can be used as an innovative ingredient to produce potentially functional GF pasta, meeting the dietary needs of consumers without affecting quality.

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Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Strategies and Nucleoside Analogues

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v13040667 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 667

Author(s):

Robert J. Geraghty ◽

Matthew T. Aliota ◽

Laurent F. Bonnac

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

Broad Spectrum ◽

Vaccine Development ◽

Fast Response ◽

Mechanisms Of Action ◽

Public Health Emergency ◽

Nucleoside Analogues ◽

The Family ◽

Antiviral Nucleoside

The emergence or re-emergence of viruses with epidemic and/or pandemic potential, such as Ebola, Zika, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 1 and 2 (SARS and SARS-CoV-2) viruses, or new strains of influenza represents significant human health threats due to the absence of available treatments. Vaccines represent a key answer to control these viruses. However, in the case of a public health emergency, vaccine development, safety, and partial efficacy concerns may hinder their prompt deployment. Thus, developing broad-spectrum antiviral molecules for a fast response is essential to face an outbreak crisis as well as for bioweapon countermeasures. So far, broad-spectrum antivirals include two main categories: the family of drugs targeting the host-cell machinery essential for virus infection and replication, and the family of drugs directly targeting viruses. Among the molecules directly targeting viruses, nucleoside analogues form an essential class of broad-spectrum antiviral drugs. In this review, we will discuss the interest for broad-spectrum antiviral strategies and their limitations, with an emphasis on virus-targeted, broad-spectrum, antiviral nucleoside analogues and their mechanisms of action.

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Nanodroplet-Benzalkonium Chloride Formulation Demonstrates In Vitro and Ex- Vivo Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Activity Against SARS-CoV-2 and other Enveloped Viruses

10.21203/rs.3.rs-362864/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jessie Pannu ◽

Susan Ciotti ◽

Shyamala Ganesan ◽

George Arida ◽

Chad Costley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antiviral Activity ◽

Broad Spectrum ◽

Benzalkonium Chloride ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Viral Disease ◽

Influenza B ◽

Human Coronavirus ◽

Enveloped Viruses ◽

Nasal Irritation

Abstract Objective: The Covid-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of aerosolized droplets inhaled into the nose in the transmission of respiratory viral disease. Inactivating pathogenic viruses at the nasal port of entry may reduce viral loads, thereby reducing infection, transmission and spread. In this communication, we demonstrate safe and broad anti-viral activity of oil-in-water nanoemulsion (nanodroplet) formulation containing the potent antiseptic 0.13% Benzalkonium Chloride (NE-BZK). Results: We have demonstrated that NE-BZK exhibits broad-spectrum, long-lasting antiviral activity with >99.9% in vitro killing of enveloped viruses including SARS-CoV-2, human coronavirus, RSV, and influenza B. In vitro and ex-vivo studies demonstrated continued killing of >99.99% of human coronavirus with diluted NE-BZK and persistent for 8 hours post application, respectively. The repeated application of NE-BZK, twice daily for 2 weeks into rabbit nostrils demonstrated its safety with no nasal irritation. These findings demonstrate that formulating BZK into the proprietary nanodroplets offers a safe and effective antiviral and a significant addition to strategies to combat the spread of respiratory viral infectious diseases.

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Resveratrol as a Novel Anti-Herpes Simplex Virus Nutraceutical Agent: An Overview

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v10090473 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 473 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Giuseppe Annunziata ◽

Maria Maisto ◽

Connie Schisano ◽

Roberto Ciampaglia ◽

Viviana Narciso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Herpes Simplex Virus ◽

Herpes Simplex ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Antiviral Agents ◽

Mechanisms Of Action ◽

The Body ◽

Human Virus ◽

Simplex Virus ◽

Different Parts ◽

Hsv Infections

The herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a common human virus affecting many people worldwide. HSV infections manifest with lesions that occur in different parts of the body, including oral, ocular, nasal, and genital skin and mucosa. In rare cases, HSV infections can be serious and lethal. Several anti-HSV drugs have been developed, but the existence of mutant viruses resistant to these drugs led to the individuation of novel antiviral agents. Plant-derived bioactive compounds, and more specifically polyphenols, have been demonstrated to exert marked anti-HSV activity and, among these, resveratrol (RSV) would be considered a good candidate. The purpose of this manuscript is to review the available literature elucidating the efficacy of RSV against HSV and the main demonstrated mechanisms of action.

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Plant-expressed griffithsin: a protein with potent broad spectrum inhibitory effects against enveloped viruses.

Medicinal plant biotechnology ◽

10.1079/9781845936785.0334 ◽

2010 ◽

pp. 334-345

Author(s):

J. C. Kouokam ◽

K. E. Palmer

Keyword(s):

Broad Spectrum ◽

Inhibitory Effects ◽

Enveloped Viruses

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Plant Natural Products for the Control of Aedes aegypti: The Main Vector of Important Arboviruses

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25153484 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (15) ◽

pp. 3484 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Maíra Rosato Silveiral Silvério ◽

Laila Salmen Espindola ◽

Norberto Peporine Lopes ◽

Paulo Cézar Vieira

Keyword(s):

Natural Products ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Vector Control ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Mosquito Species ◽

Mechanisms Of Action ◽

Control Applications ◽

Lower Toxicity ◽

Plant Natural Products

The mosquito species Aedes aegypti is one of the main vectors of arboviruses, including dengue, Zika and chikungunya. Considering the deficiency or absence of vaccines to prevent these diseases, vector control remains an important strategy. The use of plant natural product-based insecticides constitutes an alternative to chemical insecticides as they are degraded more easily and are less harmful to the environment, not to mention their lower toxicity to non-target insects. This review details plant species and their secondary metabolites that have demonstrated insecticidal properties (ovicidal, larvicidal, pupicidal, adulticidal, repellent and ovipositional effects) against the mosquito, together with their mechanisms of action. In particular, essential oils and some of their chemical constituents such as terpenoids and phenylpropanoids offer distinct advantages. Thiophenes, amides and alkaloids also possess high larvicidal and adulticidal activities, adding to the wealth of plant natural products with potential in vector control applications.

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Identification of Active Compounds of Mahuang Fuzi Xixin Decoction and Their Mechanisms of Action by LC-MS/MS and Network Pharmacology

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2020/3812180 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Xiao Liang ◽

Chang-Shun Liu ◽

Ting Xia ◽

Qing-Fa Tang ◽

Xiao-Mei Tan

Keyword(s):

Signaling Pathways ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Cell Receptor ◽

Mechanisms Of Action ◽

Network Pharmacology ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Active Compounds ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

T Cell Receptor Signaling ◽

Therapeutic Mechanisms

The decoction is an important dosage form of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) administration. The Mahuang Fuzi Xixin decoction (MFXD) is widely used to treat allergic rhinitis (AR) in China. However, its active compounds and therapeutic mechanisms are unclear. The aim of this study was to establish an integrative method to identify the bioactive compounds and reveal the mechanisms of action of MFXD. LC-MS/MS was used to identify the compounds in MFXD, followed by screening for oral bioavailability. TCMSP, BindingDB, STRING, DAVID, and KEGG databases and algorithms were used to gather information. Cytoscape was used to visualize the networks. Twenty-four bioactive compounds were identified, and thirty-seven predicted targets of these compounds were associated with AR. DAVID analysis suggested that these compounds exert their therapeutic effects by modulating the Fc epsilon RI, B-cell receptor, Toll-like receptor, TNF, NF-κB, and T-cell receptor signaling pathways. The PI3K/AKT and cAMP signaling pathways were also implicated. Ten of the identified compounds, quercetin, pseudoephedrine, ephedrine, β-asarone, methylephedrine, α-linolenic acid, cathine, ferulic acid, nardosinone, and higenamine, seemed to account for most of the beneficial effects of MFXD in AR. This study showed that LC-MS/MS followed by network pharmacology analysis is useful to elucidate the complex mechanisms of action of TCM formulas.

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