scholarly journals Regulatory Effects of Combined Dietary Supplementation With Essential Oils and Organic Acids on Microbial Communities of Cobb Broilers

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiayun Qiao ◽  
Zhiyuan Shang ◽  
Xuejiao Liu ◽  
Kewei Wang ◽  
Zhiwei Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Growth Promoters

The emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance genes in pathogenic microorganisms have resulted in many countries restricting the use of antibiotics as growth promoters in animal feed. The combined use of essential oils and organic acids can help maintain intestinal health, improve animal growth performance, and alleviate the negative effects of banned antibiotics for certain economically important animals. Although the modes of action for the combined dietary supplementation of essential oils and organic acids such as thymol-citric acid (EOA1) and thymol-butyric acid (EOA2) remain unclear, it is speculated that their activities are achieved through beneficial modulation of gastrointestinal microbial communities and inhibition of pathogen growth. In this study, 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing was used to analyze the effects of treatment with EOA1 and EOA2 on the jejunal, cecal, and fecal microbial communities of Cobb broilers while also evaluating effects over different broiler ages. The intestinal microbial communities of broilers developed with increasing age, and Lactobacillus gradually came to dominate the intestinal communities of treated broilers. Further, the microbial communities of feces were more complex than those of the jejuna and ceca. We systematically elucidate that the longitudinal changes in the intestinal microbial communities of Cobb broiler chickens at different ages. Meanwhile, we found that the addition of EOA1 or EOA2 to the diet: (1) inhibited the proliferation of Ralstonia pickettii and Alcaligenaceae in the jejuna on day 28, (2) promoted the colonization and growth of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus, Clostridia, and Bacteroidia at various growth stages, and (3) enriched the abundance of certain microbiota functions, including biological pathways related to metabolism (e.g., enzyme families). Taken together, the results of this study demonstrate that EOA1 and EOA2 dietary supplementation can affect various microbial metabolic pathways related to the metabolism and absorption of nutrients via regulation of the intestinal microbial community structures of Cobb broilers.

scholarly journals The Regulatory Effects of The Combined Dietary Supplementation of Essential Oils And Organic Acids On The Microbial Communities of Cobb Broilers.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiayun Qiao ◽  
Zhiyuan Shang ◽  
Xuejiao Liu ◽  
Kewei Wang ◽  
Zhiwei Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Negative Effects

Abstract Background: The emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance genes in pathogenic microorganisms have led to many countries enacting restricted use of antibiotics as growth promoters in animal feed. The combined use of essential oils and organic acids can help maintain intestinal health, improve animal growth performance, and alleviate the negative effects of banned antibiotics for certain economically important animals. However, the modes of action for the combined dietary supplementation of essential oils and organic acids (thymol-citric acid; EOA1, and thymol-butyric acid; EOA2) remain unclear, although it is speculated that their activities are achieved through beneficial modulation of gastrointestinal microbial communities and the inhibition of pathogen growth. In this study, 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing was used to analyze the effects of treatment with EOA1 and EOA2 on the jejunal, cecal, and fecal microbial communities of Cobb broilers (using enramycin and virginiamycin as positive controls) while also evaluating effects over different broiler ages (14, 28, 35, and 42 days old). Results: We found that the intestinal microbial communities of the broilers developed with increasing age, while Lactobacillus gradually came to dominate intestinal communities. Further, the microbial communities of feces were more complex than in the jejuna and ceca. The longitudinal changes in these communities were systematically explored for broilers of different ages. The addition of EOA1 or EOA2 to the diet: 1) inhibited the proliferation of Ralstonia pickettii and Alcaligenaceae in jejuna on the 28th day, 2) promoted the colonization and growth of beneficial bacteria like Lactobacillus, Clostridia, and Bacteroidia at various growth stages, and 3) enriched the abundances of certain microbiota functions including biological pathways related to metabolism (e.g., enzyme families).Conclusions: EOA1 and EOA2 dietary supplementation can affect various microbial metabolic pathways related to the metabolism and absorption of nutrients via the regulation of intestinal microbial community structures of Cobb broilers, while also playing an important role in promoting host growth.

scholarly journals Effects of organic acids on the gut ecosystem and on the performance of broiler chickens

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 289 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. ANDREOPOULOU (Μ. ΑΝΔΡΕΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ) ◽  
V. TSIOURIS (Β. ΤΣΙΟΥΡΗΣ) ◽  
I. GEORGOPOULOU (Ι. ΓΕΩΡΓΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ)
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Weak Acid ◽  
Growth Enhancement ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Mineral Absorption

Organic acids are studied as candidate alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters. Their action is related to the pH reduction of the intestinal digesta, affecting the gut ecosystem in numerous ways. Intestinal microbiota can be altered as a result of the remarkable antibacterial activity of organic acids and the growth enhancement of non-pathogenic beneficial microorganisms, due to exclusive competition. Antibacterial activity has been widely reported for many poultry pathogens, such as Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens, Campylobacter spp., both in vitro and in vivo. However, it seems to depend on many factors concerning the weak acid used and the gut ecosystem. Apart from the microbiota, diet supplementation of organic acids has trophic effects on the intestinal mucosa, modifying the morphologic characteristics of intestinal villi and crypts and maintaining epithelial integrity. Furthermore, as found recently, organic acids have anti-inflammatory and immunostimulating properties. Diet acidification increases gastric proteolysis and the utilization of proteins and amino acids, affects pancreatic secretions and mineral absorption. There are also reports for an effect on appetite and palatability of the feed. All these properties attributed to organic acids have either a direct or indirect effect on the performance and health, even though the results presented for poultry lack consistency. Nonetheless, the benefits of organic acids can have practical application in the control of clinical and subclinical conditions, but more research is needed to study these perspectives.

scholarly journals Salmonella fecal excretion control in broiler chickens by organic acids and essential oils blend feed added

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Borsoi ◽  
LR Santos ◽  
GS Diniz ◽  
CTP C. Salle ◽  
HLS Moraes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Fecal Excretion

Effects of mannan oligosaccharide and virginiamycin on the cecal microbial community and intestinal morphology of chickens raised under suboptimal conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 255-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Pourabedin ◽  
Zhengxin Xu ◽  
Bushansingh Baurhoo ◽  
Eric Chevaux ◽  
Xin Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Mannan Oligosaccharide ◽  
Natural Defense ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Poultry Diets

There is an increasing movement against use of antibiotic growth promoters in animal feed. Prebiotic supplementation is a potential alternative to enhance the host’s natural defense through modulation of gut microbiota. In the present study, the effect of mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) and virginiamycin (VIRG) on cecal microbial ecology and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens raised under suboptimal conditions was evaluated. MOS and VIRG induced different bacterial community structures, as revealed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of 16S rDNA. The antibiotic treatment reduced cecal microbial diversity while the community equitability increased. A higher bacterial diversity was observed in the cecum of MOS-supplemented birds. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction results indicated that MOS changed the cecal microbiota in favor of the Firmicutes population but not the Bacteroidetes population. No difference was observed in total bacterial counts among treatments. MOS promoted the growth of Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. in the cecum and increased villus height and goblet cell numbers in the ileum and jejunum. These results provide a deeper insight into the microbial ecological changes after supplementation of MOS prebiotic in poultry diets.

scholarly journals Transition of microbiota in chicken cecal droppings from commercial broiler farms

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nachiko Takeshita ◽  
Takayasu Watanabe ◽  
Kasumi Ishida-Kuroki ◽  
Tsutomu Sekizaki
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Competitive Exclusion ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
16S Rrna Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Fundamental Information ◽  
Commercial Broiler ◽  
Commercial Farms ◽  
Chicken Cecum

Abstract Background Chickens are major sources of human nutrition worldwide, but the chicken intestinal microbiota can be a source of bacterial infection. The microbiota has potential to regulate the colonization of pathogens by competitive exclusion, production of antimicrobial compounds, and stimulation of the mucosal immune system. But information on the microbiota in commercial broiler chickens is limited because of the difficulty of conducting studies at commercial farms. To obtain fundamental information that can be used to control pathogens in chickens, we determined the 6-week dynamics of microbiota in chicken cecal droppings from commercial broiler farms. Results Cecal droppings from four chickens were collected once a week from 1 to 6 weeks of age at three commercial broiler farms. A total of 168 samples were collected from 7 flocks and subjected to 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Despite the farms have distinctly different climate conditions, the microbiota in the same growth stages were similar among farms. Moreover, as the chickens grew and the feed types were switched, the richness and diversity of the microbiota gradually increased and convergence of the composition of the microbiota was apparent. Notably, minor bacterial taxa (i.e. OTUs with relative abundance < 0.05%) within the microbiota were changed by the chicken age, switching of feed types, and presence of Campylobacter. In particular, the effects of switching of feed types on the microbiota were larger than the effects of age and Campylobacter. Conclusions Irrespective of the locations of the farms, the microbiota of chicken cecum, especially minor bacteria, was successively changed more affected by feed types than by ages. Switching of feed types inducing the alteration of the microbiota may be associated with the colonization of pathogens in the chicken gut. These results will also help with extrapolation of studies in experimental animals to those in the commercial farms.

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