scholarly journals TMC5 is Highly Expressed in Human Cancers and Corelates to Prognosis and Immune Cell Infiltration: A Comprehensive Bioinformatics Analysis

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Xu Zhang ◽  
Weiguo Xu ◽  
Jian Wang
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Bioinformatics Analysis ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Cell Infiltration ◽  
Immune Cell Infiltration ◽  
Drug Responses ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Human Cancers ◽  
Potential Marker ◽  
Pathological Stages

Background: The oncological role of TMC5 in human cancers has only been revealed partially. We performed integrated bioinformatics analysis to provide a thorough and detailed insight of associations between TMC5 and tumorigenesis, cancer progression, and prognosis.Methods: With reference to the accessible online databases, the TMC5 expressions in tumor tissues and corresponding normal tissues, different pathological stages, and various cancer cells were analyzed, while the protein levels of TMC5 in different cancers were also inspected. Meanwhile, the prognostic value of TMC5 expression in multiple cancers as well as in advanced-stage patients was investigated. Furthermore, the mutational data of TMC5 and its correlation with cancer prognosis were assessed. Moreover, the association between the TMC5 level and immune cell infiltration was evaluated. Next, TMC5-related pathway alterations and drug responses were summarized. Finally, the TMC5 based protein network was generated, and relevant enrichment was performed.Results: In our study, the expression level of TMC5 was significantly higher in the tumor tissue than that of the normal tissues in most cancer types. Fluctuations of TMC5 levels were also observed among different pathological stages. In the meantime, the protein level elevated in the tumor tissue in the cancers enrolled. Moreover, the expression of TMC5 was not only prognostic for overall survival (OS) or recurrence free survival (RFS) in various types of cancers but also correlated to OS in patients with more advanced cancers. Additionally, the mutational status of TMC5 is also associated with prognosis in cancer patients. It is worth noting that the TMC5 level was closely related to immune cell infiltrations, especially in ESCA, TGCT, and USC. The TMC5 expression was also identified as an activator for pathways including PI3K/AKT, RAS/MAPK, and TSC/mTOR, proved to be associated with multiple drug responses and assessed to be interactive with the TMEM family.Conclusion: TMC5 might function as a potential marker for cancer survival and immune responses.

scholarly journals Follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1) is a Prognostic Biomarker and Correlated with Immune Cell Infiltration in Gastric Cancer

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Li ◽  
Shanshan Huang ◽  
Yangyang Yao ◽  
Jun Chen ◽  
Junhe Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Tumor Immunity ◽  
Survival Data ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Bioinformatic Analysis ◽  
Cell Infiltration ◽  
Immune Cell Infiltration ◽  
Western Blot Assay ◽  
Immune Infiltration ◽  
Normal Tissues

Abstract Background: Follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1) plays a central role in the progression of tumor and tumor immunity. However, the effect of FSTL1 on the prognosis and immune infiltration of gastric cancer (GC) remains to be elucidated.Method: The expression of FSTL1 data was analyzed in Oncomine and TIMER databases. Analyses of clinical parameters and survival data were conducted by Kaplan-Meier plotter and immunohistochemistry. Western blot assay and real‐time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was using to analyzed protein and mRNA expression, respectively. The correlations between FSTL1 and cancer immune infiltrates was analyzed by Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIME), Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) and LinkedOmics database.Results: The expression of FSTL1 was significantly higher in GC tissues than in normal tissues, and bioinformatic analysis and Immunohistochemistry (IHC) indicated that high FSTL1 expression significantly correlated with poor prognosis in GC. Moreover, FSTL1 was predicted as an independent prognostic factor in GC patients. Bioinformatics analysis results suggested that FSTL1 mainly involved in tumor progression and tumor immunity. And significant correlations were found between FSTL1 expression and immune cell infiltration in GC.Conclusion: The study effectively revealed useful information about FSTL1 expression, prognostic values, potential functional networks and impact of tumor immune infiltration in GC. In summary, FSTL1 can be used as a biomarker for prognosis and evaluating immune cell infiltration in GC.

scholarly journals Multidimensional transcriptomics provides detailed information about immune cell distribution and identity in HER2+ breast tumors

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fredrik Salmén ◽  
Sanja Vickovic ◽  
Ludvig Larsson ◽  
Linnea Stenbeck ◽  
Johan Vallon-Christersson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Infiltration ◽  
Immune Cell Infiltration ◽  
Cell Distribution ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Her2 Breast Cancer ◽  
Transcriptomics Data

AbstractThe comprehensive analysis of tumor tissue heterogeneity is crucial for determining specific disease states and establishing suitable treatment regimes. Here, we analyze tumor tissue sections from ten patients diagnosed with HER2+ breast cancer. We obtain and analyze multidimensional, genome-wide transcriptomics data to resolve spatial immune cell distribution and identity within the tissue sections. Furthermore, we determine the extent of immune cell infiltration in different regions of the tumor tissue, including invasive cancer regions. We combine cross-sectioning and computational alignment to build three-dimensional images of the transcriptional landscape of the tumor and its microenvironment. The three-dimensional data clearly demonstrates the heterogeneous nature of tumor-immune interactions and reveal interpatient differences in immune cell infiltration patterns. Our study shows the potential for an improved stratification and description of the tumor-immune interplay, which is likely to be essential in treatment decisions.

scholarly journals Interleukin-18 Is a Prognostic Biomarker Correlated with CD8+ T Cell and Natural Killer Cell Infiltration in Skin Cutaneous Melanoma

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minchan Gil ◽  
Kyung Eun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Natural Killer ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Patient Survival ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Killer Cell ◽  
Cell Infiltration ◽  
Immune Cell Infiltration ◽  
Interleukin 18 ◽  
Effector Cells ◽  
Normal Tissues

Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a cytokine that enhances innate and adaptive immune responses. Although there are conflicting reports about the roles of IL-18 in melanoma progression, the clinical relevance of IL-18 expression has not been comprehensively studied. In this study, we investigated IL-18 expression and its correlation with patient survival and immune cell infiltration in melanoma using cancer gene expression data publicly available through various databases. IL18 mRNA expression was found to be significantly lower in melanoma tissues than normal tissues. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed that IL18 expression was positively correlated with patient survival. To investigate the possible mechanisms by which IL18 expression increased patient survival, we then assessed the correlation between IL18 expression and immune cell infiltration levels. Infiltration of various immune cells, especially CD8+ T and natural killer (NK) cells, which are cytolytic effector cells, was significantly increased by IL18 expression. Additionally, the expression levels of two cytolytic molecules including perforin and granzyme B were significantly positively correlated with IL18 expression. Collectively, this study provides the first evidence that IL18 expression has prognostic value for melanoma patient survival and is strongly correlated with CD8+ T and NK cell infiltration, suggesting the role of IL-18 as a biomarker for predicting melanoma prognosis.

Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis of Differentially-Expressed Genes and Immune Cell Infiltration Characteristics in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zitong Feng ◽  
Jingge Qu ◽  
Xiao Liu ◽  
Jinghui Liang ◽  
Yongmeng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Differentially Expressed Genes ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Bioinformatics Analysis ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Cell Infiltration ◽  
Immune Cell Infiltration

Abstract Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a life-threatening thoracic tumor with a poor prognosis. Identifying the best-targeted therapy, appropriate biomarkers and individual treatment for patients with ESCC remains a significant challenge. The present study aimed to elucidate key candidate genes and immune cell infiltration characteristics in ESCC by integrated bioinformatics analysis. We downloaded nine gene expression datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between ESCC tissues and normal tissues in each dataset were identified by the “limma” R package, and a total of 152 robust DEGs were identified by robust rank aggregation (RRA) algorithm. Functional enrichment analyses of the robust DEGs showed that these genes were significantly associated with extracellular matrix related process. Immune cell infiltration analysis was also conducted by CIBERSORT algorithm. We found that M0 and M1 macrophages were increased dramatically in ESCC while M2 macrophages decreased. Nine hub genes were picked out from a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network used by the CytoHubba plugin in Cytoscape. According to the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, the genes PLAU, SPP1 and VCAN had high diagnostic and prognostic values for ESCC patients. Based on univariate and multivariate regression analyses, seven genes (IL18, PLAU, ANO1, SLCO1B3, CST1, NELL2 and MAGEA11) from the robust DEGs were used to construct a good prognostic model. A nomogram that incorporates seven genes signature was established to develop a quantitative method for ESCC prognosis. Our results might provide aid for exploring potential therapeutic targets and prognosis evaluation in ESCC.

scholarly journals C3aR1 Correlates With Immune Cell Infiltration and Serves as Prognostic and Therapeutic Biomarker in Gastric Cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
weifeng liu ◽  
Zhijie Chu ◽  
Cheng Yang ◽  
Tianbao Yang ◽  
Yanhui Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Differentially Expressed Genes ◽  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Gene Set Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Cell Infiltration ◽  
Immune Cell Infiltration ◽  
Expression Levels

Abstract As the fourth most common malignancy worldwide, gastric cancer can lead more than 720 000 patient death every year. Precisely therapeutic intervention can significantly improve patients’ survival status underlying the precise clarification by molecular indexes. Identifying the biomarkers highly associated with disease prognosis will be helpful to guide the clinical therapy. C3ar1 is an essential receptor in the complement system, and participates in various biological processes associated with immunological responses. To identify the crucial roles of C3AR1 in gastric cancer tmorigenesis, we determined the mRNA profile, protein expression levels and the clinicopathological indexes using cBioportal, Kaplan-Meier plotter and the Human Protein Atlas databases. To identify the molecular network in C3AR1-expressed gastric cancer, we obtained the differentially expressed genes using the GEPIA database compared with normal stomach tissues. Furthermore, we analyzed the biological impact of these differentially expressed genes using protein-protein interaction network and gene set enrichment analysis, in which we identified the hub genes and critical pathways influenced by over-expressed C3AR1 in gastric cancer. Finally, we evaluated the correlation between the C3AR1 expression levels and immune cell infiltration levels utilizing the Tumor Immunoassay Resource database. Our results revealed that the higher expression level of C3AR1 can lead higher infiltration of T cell CD8+, T cell CD4+, macrophage, neutrophil, B cell and myeloid dendritic cells into tumor tissue. Moreover, we also found that higher infiltration of macrophage cells into tumor tissue can worsen the survival of patients with gastric cancer, which may be highly associated with the polarization states of macrophages (TAM and M2 status). Our investigation suggest that C3AR1 can be as an efficient diagnostic biomarkers for gastric cancer therapy.

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