scholarly journals Serum proBDNF Is Associated With Changes in the Ketone Body β-Hydroxybutyrate and Shows Superior Repeatability Over Mature BDNF: Secondary Outcomes From a Cross-Over Trial in Healthy Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakob Norgren ◽  
Makrina Daniilidou ◽  
Ingemar Kåreholt ◽  
Shireen Sindi ◽  
Ulrika Akenine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Delayed Response ◽  
Individual Change ◽  
Clinical Trial Registration ◽  
Intra Class Correlation ◽  
Healthy Older Adults

Background: β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) can upregulate brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in mice, but little is known about the associations between BHB and BDNF in humans. The primary aim here was to investigate whether ketosis (i.e., raised BHB levels), induced by a ketogenic supplement, influences serum levels of mature BDNF (mBDNF) and its precursor proBDNF in healthy older adults. A secondary aim was to determine the intra-individual stability (repeatability) of those biomarkers, measured as intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC).Method: Three of the arms in a 6-arm randomized cross-over trial were used for the current sub-study. Fifteen healthy volunteers, 65–75 y, 53% women, were tested once a week. Test oils, mixed in coffee and cream, were ingested after a 12-h fast. Labeled by their level of ketosis, the arms provided: sunflower oil (lowK); coconut oil (midK); caprylic acid + coconut oil (highK). Repeated blood samples were collected for 4 h after ingestion. Serum BDNF levels were analyzed for changes from baseline to 1, 2 and 4 h to compare the arms. Individual associations between BHB and BDNF were analyzed cross-sectionally and for a delayed response (changes in BHB 0–2 h to changes in BDNF at 0–4 h). ICC estimates were calculated from baseline levels from the three study days.Results: proBDNF increased more in highK vs. lowK between 0 and 4 h (z-score: β = 0.25, 95% CI 0.07–0.44; p = 0.007). Individual change in BHB 0–2 h, predicted change in proBDNF 0–4 h, (β = 0.40, CI 0.12–0.67; p = 0.006). Change in mBDNF was lower in highK vs. lowK at 0–2 h (β = −0.88, CI −1.37 to −0.40; p < 0.001) and cumulatively 0–4 h (β = −1.01, CI −1.75 to −0.27; p = 0.01), but this could not be predicted by BHB levels. ICC was 0.96 (95% CI 0.92–0.99) for proBDNF, and 0.72 (CI 0.47–0.89) for mBDNF.Conclusions: The findings support a link between changes in peripheral BHB and proBDNF in healthy older adults. For mBDNF, changes differed between arms but independent to BHB levels. Replication is warranted due to the small sample. Excellent repeatability encourages future investigations on proBDNF as a predictor of brain health.Clinical Trial Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03904433.

scholarly journals Seasonal Variation in Vitamin D in Association with Age, Inflammatory Cytokines, Anthropometric Parameters, and Lifestyle Factors in Older Adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leticia Elizondo-Montemayor ◽  
Elena C. Castillo ◽  
Carlos Rodríguez-López ◽  
José R. Villarreal-Calderón ◽  
Merit Gómez-Carmona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
High Probability ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Healthy Older Adults

Vitamin D deficiency is present even in sunny regions. Ageing decreases pre-vitamin D production in the skin and is associated with altered cytokine profile. We performed a multivariate analysis considering lifestyle factors, anthropometric, and inflammatory markers according to seasonal variation in Mexican healthy older adults. The same cohort was followed during 12 months. Vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency was found in 91.3% of the subjects despite living in appropriate latitude (25°40′0″N). 25(OH)D levels remained below <30 ng/mL through all seasons. Vitamin D deficiency did not correlate to sun exposure or dietary intake. Gender was the strongest associated factor, explaining a variance of 20%. Waist circumference (WC) greater than 88 cm was a risk factor for vitamin D deficiency. Age (>74 years) combined with WC (>88 cm) and BMI (>32.7) showed a high probability (90%) of vitamin D deficiency. Remarkably, an increase in one centimeter in WC decreased 25(OH)D by 0.176 ng/mL, while an increase in one point BMI decreased 25(OH)D by 0.534 ng/mL. A cutoff point of 74 years of age determined probability of vitamin D hipovitaminosis. Vitamin D deficiency was correlated with TNF-αserum levels, possibly increasing the susceptibility of older adults to a proinflammatory state and its related diseases.

Effects of Passive Haptic Learning in Music-Supported Therapy on Sensorimotor Performance in Older Adult Hands: A Randomized Crossover Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsiu-Yun Hsu ◽  
Che-Wei Lin ◽  
Yu-Ching Lin ◽  
Po-Ting Wu ◽  
Hirokazu Kato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Single Session ◽  
Vibrotactile Stimulation ◽  
Clinical Trial Registration ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Haptic Learning ◽  
Sensorimotor Performance

Abstract Background: Music-supported therapy (MST), a type of biofeedback therapy with multi-sensory information input, has been proposed as an effective approach to improving motor control in people with sensorimotor deficits. However, currently, MST training is restricted to being extensively applied for patients with various levels of defects in fine motor skills and cognitive functions. Therefore, the integration of passive haptic learning (PHL) with MST has been adopted as a motor training strategy intended to enhance “motor memory” learning through the use of vibration stimuli. The current study was designed to investigate differences in the sensorimotor performance of older adults’ hands under baseline, a single session of standard MST, and PHL-based MST conditions. Methods: Thirty healthy older adults were recruited and randomized to receive either the single session of 30-minutes of PHL-based MST or 30-minutes of standard MST at the beginning of the experiment. After a one-week washout period, they switched their treatment programs and then were assessed to study the training effects of both approaches through measuring precision pinch performance, hand function, and sensory status. Results: The results of the Pinch-Holding-Up Activity test revealed a statistically significant difference in the FRpeak parameter (F = 14.37, p < 0.001, η² = 0.507) under the PHL-based MST condition compared to the baseline and standard MST conditions. In addition, significant beneficial effects were found on the results of the barognosis (F = 19.126, p < 0.001, η² = 0. 577) and roughness differentiation subtests (F = 15.036, p < 0.001, η² = 0.518) in the Manual Tactile Test for the participants in the PHL-based MST group. In addition, the participants under both the standard MST and PHL-based MST conditions exhibited better performance in the three subtests of the Purdue Pegboard Test as compared to under the baseline condition (p < 0.016). Conclusions: The findings indicated that PHL-based MST potentially improves the precision pinch performance of hands in healthy older adults. In addition, the add-on effect of vibrotactile stimulation to the MST condition provides beneficial effects on the sensory functions of the upper extremities. Clinical Trial Registration: NCT04802564

Sleep-Wake Disturbances and Episodic Memory in Older Adults

2020 ◽  
pp. 109980042094160
Author(s):  
An-Yun Yeh ◽  
Susan J. Pressler ◽  
Donna Algase ◽  
Laura M. Struble ◽  
Bunny J. Pozehl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Learning Test ◽  
The Relationship

Sleep-wake disturbances have been associated with episodic memory loss, but past studies were limited by use of single measures of objective or perceived disturbances. Notably, cognitive reserve and depressive symptoms have been associated with sleep-wake disturbances and poorer episodic memory in older adults. The aims of this study were to determine the relationship between episodic memory and sleep-wake disturbances using objective and perceived measures in older adults and to examine cognitive reserve and depressive symptoms as moderators of this relationship. In this descriptive study, 62 healthy older adults (mean age: 69.9 years; 75.8% women) were recruited from the University of Michigan Clinical Research Program. Objective sleep-wake disturbances were measured by 7-day actigraphy and perceived sleep-wake disturbances by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Episodic memory was measured by the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised. Analyses involved Pearson’s correlation coefficients and hierarchical multiple regression. Results showed that more objectively measured sleep disruption was associated with poorer episodic memory and more perceived daytime sleepiness was associated with better episodic memory. Cognitive reserve and depressive symptoms were not moderators of this relationship. In this study, the relationship between sleep-wake disturbances and episodic memory differed by type of measure, objective or perceived. Future studies are needed using multiple measures of episodic memory to further understand the sleep-wake disturbances and episodic memory relationship in a larger diverse sample of healthy older adults.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Technological Image-Based Dietary Assessment Tool for Children during Pubertal Growth: A Pilot Study

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiao-Syuan Wang ◽  
Rong-Hong Hsieh ◽  
Yu-Tang Tung ◽  
Yue-Hwa Chen ◽  
Chen Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Intra Class Correlation ◽  
Pubertal Growth ◽  
Dietary Assessment Methods ◽  
Estimate Reliability

We designed an image-based dietary assessment tool called COFIT, which means “fit together” and pilot-tested it in the Taipei Puberty Longitudinal Study (TPLS). Children aged 6–17 years were invited to use COFIT over three days for recording all instances of eating in addition to maintaining written food records (FR). Spearman’s correlation and Bland–Altman analysis were used to compare the intake of macronutrients and micronutrients estimated using the image-based dietary assessment and the FR method. Intra-class correlation coefficients were used to estimate reliability between dietitians. In the final analysis, 23 children (mean age: 10.47 ± 0.47 years) with complete data obtained using two dietary assessment methods were included. Reliability among dietitians was high. Most assessments of macronutrients and micronutrients revealed moderate correlations between the two methods (range: 0.27–0.94); moreover, no significant differences in nutrients assessments were observed between the two methods, except for energy and fat. The average difference in energy intake between the methods was 194 kcal/day. Most limits of agreement were within an acceptable range. The Bland–Altman plots showed robust agreement with minimum bias. The limitation was the small sample size and not dividing the population into children and teenagers since the two groups may have different food consumption habits. Overall, the results showed that the image-based assessment tool is suitable for assessing children’s dietary intake of macronutrients and micronutrients during pubertal growth.

scholarly journals Psychometric Properties of the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery in Healthy Older Adults: Reliability, Validity, and Agreement with Standard Neuropsychological Tests

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (08) ◽  
pp. 857-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmi P. Scott ◽  
Anne Sorrell ◽  
Andreana Benitez
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

AbstractObjective:Few independent studies have examined the psychometric properties of the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB) in older adults, despite growing interest in its use for clinical purposes. In this paper we report the test–retest reliability and construct validity of the NIHTB-CB, as well as its agreement or concordance with traditional neuropsychological tests of the same construct to determine whether tests could be used interchangeably.Methods:Sixty-one cognitively healthy adults ages 60–80 completed “gold standard” (GS) neuropsychological tests, NIHTB-CB, and brain MRI. Test–retest reliability, convergent/discriminant validity, and agreement statistics were calculated using Pearson’s correlations, concordance correlation coefficients (CCC), and root mean square deviations.Results:Test–retest reliability was acceptable (CCC = .73 Fluid; CCC = .85 Crystallized). The NIHTB-CB Fluid Composite correlated significantly with cerebral volumes (r’s = |.35−.41|), and both composites correlated highly with their respective GS composites (r’s = .58−.84), although this was more variable for individual tests. Absolute agreement was generally lower (CCC = .55 Fluid; CCC = .70 Crystallized) due to lower precision in fluid scores and systematic overestimation of crystallized composite scores on the NIHTB-CB.Conclusions:These results support the reliability and validity of the NIHTB-CB in healthy older adults and suggest that the fluid composite tests are at least as sensitive as standard neuropsychological tests to medial temporal atrophy and ventricular expansion. However, the NIHTB-CB may generate different estimates of performance and should not be treated as interchangeable with established neuropsychological tests.

scholarly journals Validation of a smartphone embedded inertial measurement unit for measuring postural stability in older adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Friedl De Groote ◽  
Stefanie Vandevyvere ◽  
Florian Vanhevel ◽  
Jean-Jacques Orban de Xivry
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Postural Stability ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Intra Class Correlation ◽  
Inertial Measurement ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

AbstractBackgroundIdentifying older adults with increased fall risk due to poor postural control on a large scale is only possible through omnipresent and low cost measuring devices such as the inertial measurement units (IMU) embedded in smartphones. However, the correlation between smartphone measures of postural stability and state-of-the-art force plate measures has never been assessed in a large sample allowing us to take into account age as a covariate.Research questionHow reliably can postural stability be measured with a smartphone embedded IMU in comparison to a force plate?MethodsWe assessed balance in 97 adults aged 50 to 90 years in four different conditions (eyes open, eyes closed, semi-tandem and dual-task) in the anterio-posterior and medio-lateral directions. We used six different parameters (root mean square and average absolute value of COP displacement, velocity and acceleration) for the force plate and two different parameters (root mean square and average absolute value of COM acceleration) for the smartphone.ResultsTest-retest reliability was smaller for the smartphone than for the force plate (intra class correlation) but both devices could equally well detect differences between conditions (similar Cohen’s d). Parameters from the smartphone and the force plate, with age regressed out, were moderately correlated (robust correlation coefficients of around 0.5).SignificanceThis study comprehensively documents test-retest reliability and effect sizes for stability measures obtained with a force plate and smartphone as well as correlations between force plate and smartphone measures based on a large sample of older adults. Our large sample size allowed us to reliably determine the strength of the correlations between force plate and smartphone measures. The most important practical implication of our results is that more repetitions or longer trials are required when using a smartphone instead of a force plate to assess balance.HighlightsWe compared balance measures simultaneously obtained from a phone and a force plateFor precision purposes, we included a large group of older participants (N=97).Using age as covariate, we found a moderate correlation across the two devices.Intra-class correlation coefficients were smaller for the smartphone.Balance assessment with smartphones requires longer trials compared to force plates.

The Validity of Gait Variability and Fractal Dynamics Obtained From a Single, Body-Fixed Triaxial Accelerometer

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dylan Kobsar ◽  
Chad Olson ◽  
Raman Paranjape ◽  
John M. Barden
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Gait Variability ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Triaxial Accelerometer ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Dynamic Measures

A single triaxial accelerometer has the ability to collect a large amount of continuous gait data to quantitatively assess the control of gait. Unfortunately, there is limited information on the validity of gait variability and fractal dynamics obtained from this device. The purpose of this study was to test the concurrent validity of the variability and fractal dynamic measures of gait provided by a triaxial accelerometer during a continuous 10 minute walk in older adults. Forty-one healthy older adults were fitted with a single triaxial accelerometer at the waist, as well as a criterion footswitch device before completing a ten minute overground walk. The concurrent validity of six outcome measures was examined using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and 95% limits of agreement. All six dependent variables measured by the accelerometer displayed excellent agreement with the footswitch device. Mean parameters displayed the highest validity, followed by measures of variability and fractal dynamics in stride times and measures of variability and fractal dynamics in step times. These findings suggest that an accelerometer is a valid and unique device that has the potential to provide clinicians with valid quantitative data for assessing their clients’ gait.

scholarly journals Effects of Movement-Based Mind-Body Interventions on Physical Fitness in Healthy Older Adults: A Meta-Analytical Review

Gerontology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Sophia A. Ebner ◽  
Lilly Meikis ◽  
Mareike Morat ◽  
Steffen Held ◽  
Tobias Morat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Functional Mobility ◽  
Static Balance ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Analytical Review

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Declines in physical fitness can notably affect healthy aging of older adults. Multimodal exercise training regimen such as mind-body interventions (MBIs) has been reported to mitigate these aging-related declines of physical function. This meta-analytical review aimed at pooling the effects of MBIs on physical fitness indices compared to active control (AC) and inactive control (IC) conditions in healthy older adults. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The literature search was conducted in 3 databases using search terms with Boolean conjunctions. Randomized controlled trials applying MBIs focusing on improving physical fitness parameters in healthy seniors over 65 years of age were screened for eligibility. Eligibility and study quality were assessed by 2 researchers using the PEDro scale. Standardized mean differences (SMD) adjusted for small sample sizes (Hedges’ <i>g</i>) served as main outcomes for the comparisons of MBIs versus IC and MBIs versus AC. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Thirty trials with 2,792 healthy community dwellers (mean age: 71.2 ± 4.7 years) were included. Large overall effects were found for strength (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001, SMD: 0.87 [90% CI: 0.43, 1.30], <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 94%), medium effects were observed for functional mobility (<i>p</i> = 0.009, SMD: 0.55 [90% CI: 0.20, 0.89], <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 83%), and small overall effects were found for static balance (<i>p</i> = 0.02, SMD: 0.35 [90% CI: 0.10, 0.60], <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 77%), endurance (<i>p</i> = 0.0001, SMD: 0.44 [90% CI: 0.25, 0.62], <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 0%), and flexibility (<i>p</i> = 0.003, SMD: 0.46 [90% CI: 0.21, 0.72], <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 54%) in favor of MBIs compared to IC. Small effects of strength slightly favoring AC (<i>p</i> = 0.08, SMD: −0.22 [90% CI: −0.43, −0.01], <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 52%) were found, whereas static balance moderately improved in favor of MBIs (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001, SMD: 0.46 [90% CI: 0.16, 0.76], <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 73%). <b><i>Discussion/Conclusion:</i></b> MBIs induce small to moderate effects in relevant domains of physical fitness in healthy older adults. Strength should be better targeted with traditional resistance training routines, whereas balance seems to sufficiently benefit from MBIs. However, large variability between the studies was observed due to differences in methodology, intervention content, and outcomes that affect conclusive evidence.

scholarly journals Ketosis After Intake of Coconut Oil and Caprylic Acid—With and Without Glucose: A Cross-Over Study in Healthy Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakob Norgren ◽  
Shireen Sindi ◽  
Anna Sandebring-Matton ◽  
Ingemar Kåreholt ◽  
Makrina Daniilidou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Caprylic Acid ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Healthy Older Adults

scholarly journals Comparison of the effects of open vs. closed skill exercise on the acute and chronic BDNF, IGF-1 and IL-6 response in older healthy adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Behrendt ◽  
Franziska Kirschnick ◽  
Lasse Kröger ◽  
Phillip Beileke ◽  
Maxim Rezepin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Training Intervention ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Chronic Effects

Abstract Background Accumulating evidence shows that physical exercise has a positive effect on the release of neurotrophic factors and myokines. However, evidence regarding the optimal type of physical exercise for these release is still lacking. The aim of this study was to assess the acute and chronic effects of open-skill exercise (OSE) compared to closed-skill exercise (CSE) on serum and plasma levels of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNFS, BDNFP), and serum levels of insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in healthy older adults. Methods To investigate acute effects, thirty-eight participants were randomly assigned to either an intervention (badminton (aOSE) and bicycling (aCSE), n  = 24, 65.83 ± 5.98 years) or control group (reading (CG), n  = 14, 67.07 ± 2.37 years). Blood samples were taken immediately before and 5 min after each condition. During each condition, heart rate was monitored. The mean heart rate of aOSE and aCSE were equivalent (65 ± 5% of heart rate reserve). In a subsequent 12-week training-intervention, twenty-two participants were randomly assigned to either a sport-games (cOSE, n  = 6, 64.50 ± 6.32) or a strength-endurance training (cCSE, n  = 9, 64.89 ± 3.51) group to assess for chronic effects. Training intensity for both groups was adjusted to a subjective perceived exertion using the CR-10 scale (value 7). Blood samples were taken within one day after the training-intervention. Results BDNFS, BDNFP, IGF-1, and IL-6 levels increased after a single exercise session of 30 min. After 12 weeks of training BDNFS and IL-6 levels were elevated, whereas IGF-1 levels were reduced in both groups. However, only in the cOSE group these changes were significant. We could not find any significant differences between the exercise types. Conclusion Our results indicate that both exercise types are efficient to acutely increase BDNFS, BDNFP, IGF-1 and IL-6 serum levels in healthy older adults. Additionally, our results tend to support that OSE is more effective for improving basal BDNFS levels after 12 weeks of training.

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