scholarly journals Magnetoencephalography Brain Signatures Relate to Cognition and Cognitive Reserve in the Oldest-Old: The EMIF-AD 90 + Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Griffa ◽  
Nienke Legdeur ◽  
Maryam Badissi ◽  
Martijn P. van den Heuvel ◽  
Cornelis J. Stam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Cognitively Impaired ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Cognitively Normal ◽  
Neural Underpinnings

The oldest-old subjects represent the fastest growing segment of society and are at high risk for dementia with a prevalence of up to 40%. Lifestyle factors, such as lifelong participation in cognitive and leisure activities, may contribute to individual cognitive reserve and reduce the risk for cognitive impairments. However, the neural bases underlying cognitive functioning and cognitive reserve in this age range are still poorly understood. Here, we investigate spectral and functional connectivity features obtained from resting-state MEG recordings in a cohort of 35 cognitively normal (92.2 ± 1.8 years old, 19 women) and 11 cognitively impaired (90.9 ± 1.9 years old, 1 woman) oldest-old participants, in relation to cognitive traits and cognitive reserve. The latter was approximated with a self-reported scale on lifelong engagement in cognitively demanding activities. Cognitively impaired oldest-old participants had slower cortical rhythms in frontal, parietal and default mode network regions compared to the cognitively normal subjects. These alterations mainly concerned the theta and beta band and partially explained inter-subject variability of episodic memory scores. Moreover, a distinct spectral pattern characterized by higher relative power in the alpha band was specifically associated with higher cognitive reserve while taking into account the effect of age and education level. Finally, stronger functional connectivity in the alpha and beta band were weakly associated with better cognitive performances in the whole group of subjects, although functional connectivity effects were less prominent than the spectral ones. Our results shed new light on the neural underpinnings of cognitive functioning in the oldest-old population and indicate that cognitive performance and cognitive reserve may have distinct spectral electrophysiological substrates.

scholarly journals The Red and Orange Complex Subgingival Microbiome of Cognitive Impairment and Cognitively Normal Elderly with Periodontitis

Geriatrics ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Fatimah Maria Tadjoedin ◽  
Sri Lelyati C. Masulili ◽  
Muhammad Ihsan Rizal ◽  
Lindawati S. Kusdhany ◽  
Yuda Turana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Periodontal Pocket ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Cognitively Impaired ◽  
Cognitively Normal ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Subgingival Microbiota

Increasing evidence has shown an association between periodontitis and cognitive impairment. Subgingival microbiota play a great role in periodontitis pathogenesis. However, the correlation between the subgingival microbiome and cognitive impairment remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the red and orange complex subgingival microbiome of cognitively impaired and cognitively normal elderly Indonesian subjects with periodontitis. Twenty-eight elderly subjects diagnosed with periodontitis underwent two cognitive examinations using the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test and the Mini-Mental State Examination. Gingival crevicular fluid taken from the periodontal pocket, at a depth between 5 and 7 mm, using a paper point was used as the subgingival samples. The subgingival microbiome in the cognitive impairment group (n = 14) and cognitively normal group (n = 14) was compared using the 16S rRNA Metagenomic iSeq™ 100 Sequencing System. There was β-diversity in the subgingival microbiota between the cognitively impaired and cognitively normal subjects. The metagenomic analysis showed a higher abundance of Porphyromonas and Treponema bacteria in the cognitive impairment group than in the normal cognitive group (p < 0.05). The abundance of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola was higher in the cognitively impaired elderly subjects. The role of P. gingivalis and T. denticola in the pathogenesis of cognitive impairment needs further investigation.

scholarly journals P1-350: HIPPOCAMPAL INTRINSIC CONNECTIVITY SUPPORTS COGNITIVE RESERVE IN AMYLOID-POSITIVE COGNITIVELY NORMAL SUBJECTS AND ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE PATIENTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. P384-P385
Author(s):  
Merle C. Hönig ◽  
Gerard N. Bischof ◽  
Isadora Lopes Alves ◽  
Mareike Ahlswede ◽  
Panagiotis Sakagiannis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Cognitively Normal ◽  
Intrinsic Connectivity ◽  
Cognitively Normal Subjects

scholarly journals Distinct Alteration Patterns of Resting-State Functional Connectivity of the Corticostriatal Circuits Effected by Cigarette Smoking in Mild Cognitive Impairment Patients and Cognitively Normal subjects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiantian Qiu ◽  
Fei Xie ◽  
Qingze Zeng ◽  
Zhujing Shen ◽  
guijin Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Cognitively Normal ◽  
Corticostriatal Circuits

Abstract To explore the interaction effects of smoking status (non-smoking vs. smoking) and disease (cognitively normal (CN) vs. MCI) based on resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of the corticostriatal circuits. We included 304 CN non-smokers, 44 CN smokers, 130 MCI non-smokers, and 33 MCI smokers. The seed-based rsFC of striatal subregions (caudate, putamen, and nucleus accumbens [NAc]) with the whole-brain voxel was calculated. Furthermore, we performed mixed effect analysis to explore the interaction effects between smoking status and disease. Significant interaction effects were detected between: (1) right caudate and left inferior parietal lobule (IPL); (2) right putamen and bilateral cuneus; (3) bilateral NAc and bilateral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). The post-hoc analyses revealed that the CN smokers showed increased rsFC between right caudate and left IPL compared to non-smokers; while the MCI smokers demonstrated decreased rsFC between right putamen and cuneus, and increased rsFC between bilateral NAc and ACC compared to non-smokers. In MCI smokers, the rsFC value between left NAc and ACC was positively correlated with Semantic Verbal Fluency (SVF, r = 0.387, p = 0.026), and the rsFC value between right NAc and ACC was positively correlated with SVF (r = 0.390, p = 0.025), Wechsler memory scale-logical memory (WMS-LM) immediate recall (r = 0.378, p = 0.03), and WMS-LM delayed recall (r = 0.367, p = 0.036). Our findings suggest that chronic nicotine exposure may lead to functional connectivity alterations of corticostriatal circuits in MCI patients, and the pattern is different from CN smokers.

scholarly journals Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Modulates Electroencephalographic Functional Connectivity in Alzheimer’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Guo ◽  
Ge Dang ◽  
Brenton Hordacre ◽  
Xiaolin Su ◽  
Nan Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Cognitively Normal ◽  
Moderate Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal

Background: Increasing evidence demonstrates that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) treatment of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is beneficial for improving cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD); however, the underlying mechanism of its therapeutic effect remains unclear.Objectives/Hypothesis: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of rTMS to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on functional connectivity along with treatment response in AD patients with different severity of cognitive impairment.Methods: We conducted a 2-week treatment course of 10-Hz rTMS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in 23 patients with AD who were split into the mild or moderate cognitive impairment subgroup. Resting state electroencephalography and general cognition was assessed before and after rTMS. Power envelope connectivity was used to calculate functional connectivity at the source level. The functional connectivity of AD patients and 11 cognitively normal individuals was compared.Results: Power envelope connectivity was higher in the delta and theta bands but lower in the beta band in the moderate cognitive impairment group, compared to the cognitively normal controls, at baseline (p &lt; 0.05). The mild cognitive impairment group had no significant abnormities. Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores improved after rTMS in the moderate and mild cognitive impairment groups. Power envelope connectivity in the beta band post-rTMS was increased in the moderate group (p &lt; 0.05) but not in the mild group. No significant changes in the delta and theta band were found after rTMS in both the moderate and mild group.Conclusion: High-frequency rTMS to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex modulates electroencephalographic functional connectivity while improving cognitive function in patients with AD. Increased beta connectivity may have an important mechanistic role in rTMS therapeutic effects.

To rise and to fall: functional connectivity in cognitively normal and cognitively impaired patients with Parkinson's disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 1727-1735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Gorges ◽  
Hans-Peter Müller ◽  
Dorothée Lulé ◽  
Elmar H. Pinkhardt ◽  
Albert C. Ludolph ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Cognitively Impaired ◽  
Cognitively Normal

scholarly journals Religious Participation, Gender Differences, and Cognitive Impairment among the Oldest-Old in China

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Leisure Activity ◽  
Religious Participation ◽  
Religious Activities ◽  
Healthy Longevity ◽  
Cognitive Benefits

This study examines if religious participation in China is associated with cognitive functioning among the oldest-old and whether positive psychological feelings and leisure activity engagement explain the association, and gender moderates the association. Logistic regressions were used to analyze the Chinese Healthy Longevity Survey. A significant negative association between religious participation and cognitive impairment was found among the oldest-old and much of the association was mediated by positive psychological feelings and leisure activities. Women reported higher proportion of religious participation, but the cognitive benefits of religious participation were stronger for men. Findings indicate that (a) religious participation is significantly correlated with cognitive functioning in part because the religious oldest-old are more likely to be optimistic and happy and engage in more cognitively stimulating activities; (b) there might be gender differences in religious participation such that the oldest-old men may engage in religious activities that are particularly relevant to cognitive functioning.

The association of timing of retirement with cognitive performance in old age: the role of leisure activities after retirement

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1659-1669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Ihle ◽  
Catherine Grotz ◽  
Stéphane Adam ◽  
Michel Oris ◽  
Delphine Fagot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Test Part ◽  
Trail Making

ABSTRACTBackground:The role of timing of retirement on cognitive functioning in old age is inconclusive so far. Therefore, the present study set out to investigate the association of timing of retirement with cognitive performance and its interplay with key correlates of cognitive reserve in a large sample of older adults.Methods:Two thousand two hundred and sixty three older adults served as sample for the present study. Different psychometric tests (Trail Making Test part A (TMT A), Trail Making Test part B (TMT B), Mill Hill) were administered. In addition, individuals were interviewed on their retirement, occupation, educational attainment, and regarding 18 leisure activities that have been carried out after retirement.Results:Earlier retirement (compared to retirement at legal age) was significantly associated with better performance in the TMT A, the TMT B, and the Mill Hill vocabulary test. Moderation analyses showed that in individuals with a moderate number of leisure activities in old age, earlier retirement was related to better cognitive performance, but not in those with a relatively large number of leisure activities. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that entering leisure activities as additional predictor significantly increased explained variance in the cognitive measures over and above all other investigated markers of cognitive reserve (i.e. occupation and education).Conclusions:Present data further corroborate the view that leisure activities even in old age may lead to further enrichment effects and thereby may be related to better cognitive functioning. The role of engaging in activities in the context of major life events such as retirement is discussed.

scholarly journals Unmet Caregiving Needs Are Associated With Cognitive Functioning Among Older Sepsis Survivors

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 255-255
Author(s):  
Jo-Ana Chase ◽  
Lizyeka Jordan ◽  
Christina Whitehouse ◽  
Kathryn Bowles
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Caregiver Training ◽  
Cognitively Impaired ◽  
Medicare Beneficiaries ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Information Set ◽  
Sepsis Survivors ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Care Outcome

Abstract Sepsis survivorship is associated with cognitive decline and complex post-acute care needs. Family caregivers may be unprepared to manage these needs, resulting in decline or no improvement in patient outcomes. Using a national dataset of Medicare beneficiaries who were discharged from the hospital for sepsis and received post-acute HHC between 2013 and 2014 (n=165,228), we examined the relationship between unmet caregiving needs and improvement or decline in cognitive functioning. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine associations between unmet caregiving needs at the start of HHC and changes in cognitive functioning. Unmet caregiving needs included seven items from the start of care Outcome and Assessment Information Set (OASIS). Changes in cognitive functioning were measured using the start of care and discharge OASIS assessments. Twenty-four percent of patients either declined or did not improve in cognitive functioning from HHC admission to discharge, with variation seen by unmet need type. Sepsis survivors with unmet caregiving needs for activities of daily living assistance (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.01, 1.09), medication assistance (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.02,1.10), and supervision and safety assistance (OR 1.110, 95% CI 1.06,1.16) were more likely to decline or not improve in cognitive functioning, even after accounting for clinical and demographic characteristics. Older sepsis survivors with both cognitive impairment and unmet caregiving needs in the post-acute HHC setting are at high-risk for worsening cognition. Alerting the care team of cognitively impaired sepsis survivors with unmet caregiving needs may trigger evidence-based strategies to enhance caregiver training and reduce unmet caregiving needs.

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