scholarly journals Respiration-Driven Brain Oscillations in Emotional Cognition

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shani Folschweiller ◽  
Jonas-Frederic Sauer
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Emotional Behavior ◽  
Cortical Circuits ◽  
Brain Oscillations ◽  
Higher Cognitive Functions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Emotional Cognition

Respiration paces brain oscillations and the firing of individual neurons, revealing a profound impact of rhythmic breathing on brain activity. Intriguingly, respiration-driven entrainment of neural activity occurs in a variety of cortical areas, including those involved in higher cognitive functions such as associative neocortical regions and the hippocampus. Here we review recent findings of respiration-entrained brain activity with a particular focus on emotional cognition. We summarize studies from different brain areas involved in emotional behavior such as fear, despair, and motivation, and compile findings of respiration-driven activities across species. Furthermore, we discuss the proposed cellular and network mechanisms by which cortical circuits are entrained by respiration. The emerging synthesis from a large body of literature suggests that the impact of respiration on brain function is widespread across the brain and highly relevant for distinct cognitive functions. These intricate links between respiration and cognitive processes call for mechanistic studies of the role of rhythmic breathing as a timing signal for brain activity.

EEG correlates of cognitive functions and neuropsychiatric disorders: A review of oscillatory activity and neural synchrony abnormalities

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meysam Amidfar ◽  
Yong-Ku Kim
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Oscillatory Activity ◽  
Brain Oscillations ◽  
Emotional Symptoms ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Diseases ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorders

Background: A large body of evidence suggested that disruption of neural rhythms and synchronization of brain oscillations are correlated with variety of cognitive and perceptual processes. Cognitive deficits are common features of psychiatric disorders that complicate treatment of the motivational, affective and emotional symptoms. Objective: Electrophysiological correlates of cognitive functions will contribute to understanding of neural circuits controlling cognition, the causes of their perturbation in psychiatric disorders and developing novel targets for treatment of cognitive impairments. Methods: This review includes description of brain oscillations in Alzheimer’s disease, bipolar disorder, attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder, major depression, obsessive compulsive disorders, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia and autism. Results: The review clearly shows that the reviewed neuropsychiatric diseases are associated with fundamental changes in both spectral power and coherence of EEG oscillations. Conclusion: In this article we examined nature of brain oscillations, association of brain rhythms with cognitive functions and relationship between EEG oscillations and neuropsychiatric diseases. Accordingly, EEG oscillations can most likely be used as biomarkers in psychiatric disorders.

scholarly journals The impact of body posture on intrinsic brain activity: The role of beta power at rest

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. e0218977
Author(s):  
Brunella Donno ◽  
Daniele Migliorati ◽  
Filippo Zappasodi ◽  
Mauro Gianni Perrucci ◽  
Marcello Costantini
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Body Posture ◽  
Beta Power ◽  
Intrinsic Brain Activity ◽  
The Impact

Integrative action in the fronto-parietal network: A cure for a scattered mind

2007 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Reza Naghavi ◽  
Lars Nyberg
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Similar Pattern ◽  
Large Body ◽  
General Role ◽  
And Control ◽  
Lines Of Evidence

AbstractA large body of evidence supports the idea that a common fronto-parietal network is activated across a range of diverse cognitive functions. Jung & Haier's (J&H's) review demonstrates a very similar pattern of activity, which correlates with individual differences in intelligence. We propose that these converging lines of evidence are best interpreted as a general role of the fronto-parietal network in integration and control.

scholarly journals Serotonin buffers hippocampal neuroplasticity and emotional behavior

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomo Maddaloni ◽  
Sara Migliarini ◽  
Francesco Napolitano ◽  
Andrea Giorgi ◽  
Daniele Biasci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Behavior ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Behavioral Experiments ◽  
Behavioral Traits ◽  
Hippocampal Activity ◽  
Adaptive Mechanisms ◽  
Core Symptoms ◽  
The Impact

Adaptation to environmental insults is an evolutionary mechanism essential for survival. The hippocampus participates in controlling adaptive responses to stress and emotional state through the modulation of neuroplasticity events, which are dysregulated in stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders. The neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT) has been proposed as a pivotal player in hippocampal neuroplasticity in both normal and neuropsychiatric conditions though its role remains still poorly understood. Here, we investigated the impact of 5-HT deficiency on hippocampal activity combining RNA-seq, in vivo neuroimaging, neuroanatomical, biochemical and behavioral experiments on 5-HT depleted mice. We unveil that serotonin is required for appropriate activation of neuroplasticity adaptive mechanisms to environmental insults. Bidirectional deregulation of these programs in serotonin depleted mice is associated with opposite behavioral traits that model core symptoms of bipolar disorder. These findings delineate a previously unreported buffering role of 5-HT in instructing hippocampal activity and emotional responses to environmental demands.

scholarly journals The Development of the Mesoprefrontal Dopaminergic System in Health and Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Ushna S. Islam ◽  
Norisa Meli ◽  
Sandra Blaess
Keyword(s):  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Dopaminergic System ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Dorsal Striatum ◽  
Stable Pattern ◽  
Higher Cognitive Functions ◽  
Local Circuits

Midbrain dopaminergic neurons located in the substantia nigra and the ventral tegmental area are the main source of dopamine in the brain. They send out projections to a variety of forebrain structures, including dorsal striatum, nucleus accumbens, and prefrontal cortex (PFC), establishing the nigrostriatal, mesolimbic, and mesoprefrontal pathways, respectively. The dopaminergic input to the PFC is essential for the performance of higher cognitive functions such as working memory, attention, planning, and decision making. The gradual maturation of these cognitive skills during postnatal development correlates with the maturation of PFC local circuits, which undergo a lengthy functional remodeling process during the neonatal and adolescence stage. During this period, the mesoprefrontal dopaminergic innervation also matures: the fibers are rather sparse at prenatal stages and slowly increase in density during postnatal development to finally reach a stable pattern in early adulthood. Despite the prominent role of dopamine in the regulation of PFC function, relatively little is known about how the dopaminergic innervation is established in the PFC, whether and how it influences the maturation of local circuits and how exactly it facilitates cognitive functions in the PFC. In this review, we provide an overview of the development of the mesoprefrontal dopaminergic system in rodents and primates and discuss the role of altered dopaminergic signaling in neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders.

scholarly journals The modular and integrative functional architecture of the human brain

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (49) ◽  
pp. E6798-E6807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxwell A. Bertolero ◽  
B. T. Thomas Yeo ◽  
Mark D’Esposito
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Topic Model ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Modular Function ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Functional Architecture ◽  
Brain Imaging Data ◽  
The Brain

Network-based analyses of brain imaging data consistently reveal distinct modules and connector nodes with diverse global connectivity across the modules. How discrete the functions of modules are, how dependent the computational load of each module is to the other modules’ processing, and what the precise role of connector nodes is for between-module communication remains underspecified. Here, we use a network model of the brain derived from resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) data and investigate the modular functional architecture of the human brain by analyzing activity at different types of nodes in the network across 9,208 experiments of 77 cognitive tasks in the BrainMap database. Using an author–topic model of cognitive functions, we find a strong spatial correspondence between the cognitive functions and the network’s modules, suggesting that each module performs a discrete cognitive function. Crucially, activity at local nodes within the modules does not increase in tasks that require more cognitive functions, demonstrating the autonomy of modules’ functions. However, connector nodes do exhibit increased activity when more cognitive functions are engaged in a task. Moreover, connector nodes are located where brain activity is associated with many different cognitive functions. Connector nodes potentially play a role in between-module communication that maintains the modular function of the brain. Together, these findings provide a network account of the brain’s modular yet integrated implementation of cognitive functions.

scholarly journals Synchronization and Redundancy: Implications for Robustness of Neural Learning and Decision Making

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 2915-2941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jake Bouvrie ◽  
Jean-Jacques Slotine
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Decision Function ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Cortical Circuits ◽  
Neural Learning ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Source Of Error

Learning and decision making in the brain are key processes critical to survival, and yet are processes implemented by nonideal biological building blocks that can impose significant error. We explore quantitatively how the brain might cope with this inherent source of error by taking advantage of two ubiquitous mechanisms, redundancy and synchronization. In particular we consider a neural process whose goal is to learn a decision function by implementing a nonlinear gradient dynamics. The dynamics, however, are assumed to be corrupted by perturbations modeling the error, which might be incurred due to limitations of the biology, intrinsic neuronal noise, and imperfect measurements. We show that error, and the associated uncertainty surrounding a learned solution, can be controlled in large part by trading off synchronization strength among multiple redundant neural systems against the noise amplitude. The impact of the coupling between such redundant systems is quantified by the spectrum of the network Laplacian, and we discuss the role of network topology in synchronization and in reducing the effect of noise. We discuss range of situations in which the mechanisms we model arise in brain science and draw attention to experimental evidence suggesting that cortical circuits capable of implementing the computations of interest here can be found on several scales. Finally, simulations comparing theoretical bounds to the relevant empirical quantities show that the theoretical estimates we derive can be tight.

scholarly journals Dampak Penggunaan Smartphone pada Perilaku Anak Di Desa Muktiharjo Kabupaten Pati

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-102
Author(s):  
Sri Wulan Endang Saraswati ◽  
Deka Setiawan ◽  
F. Shoufika Hilyana
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Emotional Behavior ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Children's Behavior ◽  
Combining Data ◽  
Smartphone Use ◽  
Role Of Parents ◽  
The Impact

The aims of this study are 1) to analyze the impact of smartphone use on children's behavior in Muktiharjo Village, Pati and 2) to analyze the role of parents in smartphone use in children in Muktiharjo Village, Pati.The research was conducted using a qualitative approach with the type of case study research. The research was conducted in Muktiharjo Village, Margorejo District, Pati Regency. The data collection techniques are through observation, interviews, and documentation. Primary data sources were obtained from observations and interviews with parents and children in Muktiharjo Village. As for the secondary data sources, researchers obtained from supporting documents. Testing the validity of the data used triangulation technique. In this study, triangulation techniques were carried out by combining data received from observations, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis used is qualitative data analysis developed by Miles and Huberman which includes three stages including data reduction, data presentation, verification or conclusion.The results of the study indicate that the role of parents is very important in reducing the impact of smartphone use on children and children's behavior can be controlled. Behavioral disorders in children include emotional behavior, social behavior, and lazy behavior.

scholarly journals Cognitive functions and respective parameters of human brain physiology are chronotype-dependent

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ali Salehinejad ◽  
Miles Wischnewski ◽  
Elham Ghanavati ◽  
Mohsen Mosayebi-Samani ◽  
Min-Fang Kuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Cortical Excitability ◽  
Long Term Potentiation ◽  
Cortical Inhibition ◽  
Brain Physiology ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Higher Cognitive Functions ◽  
The Impact

Circadian rhythms have natural relative variations among humans known as chronotype. Chronotype or being a morning or evening person, has a specific physiological, behavioural, and also genetic manifestation. Whether and how chronotype modulates human brain physiology and cognition is, however, not well understood. Here we examined how chronotype affects cortical excitability, neuroplasticity, and cognition in early and late chronotype individuals. We monitored motor cortical excitability, brain stimulation-induced neuroplasticity, and examined motor learning and cognitive functions at circadian-preferred and non-preferred times of day in 32 individuals. Motor learning and cognitive performance (working memory, and attention) along with their electrophysiological components were significantly enhanced at the circadian-preferred, compared to the non-preferred time. This outperformance was associated with enhanced cortical excitability (prominent cortical facilitation, diminished cortical inhibition), and long-term potentiation/depression-like plasticity. Our data show convergent findings of the impact of chronotype on human brain functions from basic physiological mechanisms to behaviour and higher cognitive functions.

The function of the cerebellum in cognition, affect and consciousness

2001 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy D. Schmahmann ◽  
Carl M. Anderson ◽  
Natika Newton ◽  
Ralph D. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Action Planning ◽  
University Of Pennsylvania ◽  
Logical Thinking ◽  
Cognitive Science Society ◽  
Perceptual Consciousness ◽  
Higher Cognitive Functions ◽  
The University

Editors’ note:þThese four interrelated discussions of the role of the cerebellum in coordinating emotional and higher cognitive functions developed out of a workshop presented by the four authors for the 2000 Conference of the Cognitive Science Society at the University of Pennsylvania. The four interrelated discussions explore the implications of the recent explosion of cerebellum research suggesting an expanded cerebellar role in higher cognitive functions as well as in the coordination of emotional functions with learning, logical thinking, perceptual consciousness, and action planning

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document