scholarly journals Measurement of Human Semicircular Canal Spatial Attitude

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuzhi Wu ◽  
Ping Lin ◽  
Yanyan Zheng ◽  
Yifei Zhou ◽  
Zhaobang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coordinate System ◽  
Semicircular Canal ◽  
Normal Vector ◽  
Lateral Semicircular Canal ◽  
Posterior Semicircular Canal ◽  
Spatial Coordinate ◽  
Superior Semicircular Canal ◽  
Left Posterior ◽  
Standard Normal ◽  
Normal Vectors

Located deep in the temporal bone, the semicircular canal is a subtle structure that requires a spatial coordinate system for measurement and observation. In this study, 55 semicircular canal and eyeball models were obtained by segmentation of MRI data. The spatial coordinate system was established by taking the top of the common crus and the bottom of the eyeball as the horizontal plane. First, the plane equation was established according to the centerline of the semicircular canals. Then, according to the parameters of the plane equation, the plane normal vectors were obtained. Finally, the average unit normal vector of each semicircular canal plane was obtained by calculating the average value of the vectors. The standard normal vectors of the and left posterior semicircular canal, superior semicircular canal and lateral semicircular canal were [−0.651, 0.702, 0.287], [0.749, 0.577, 0.324], [−0.017, −0.299, 0.954], [0.660, 0.702, 0.266], [−0.739, 0.588, 0.329], [0.025, −0.279, 0.960]. The different angles for the different ways of calculating the standard normal vectors of the right and left posterior semicircular canal, superior semicircular canal and lateral semicircular canal were 0.011, 0.028, 0.008, 0.011, 0.024, and 0.006 degrees. The technology for measuring the semicircular canal spatial attitudes in this study are reliable, and the measurement results can guide vestibular function examinations and help with guiding the diagnosis and treatment of BPPV.

scholarly journals Mathematical Model of Human Semicircular Canal Spatial Attitude 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-zhi Wu ◽  
Ping Lin ◽  
Yan-yan Zheng ◽  
Yi-fei Zhou ◽  
Xiao-kai Yang
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Coordinate System ◽  
Semicircular Canal ◽  
Average Method ◽  
Vestibular Function ◽  
Semicircular Canals ◽  
Normal Vector ◽  
Spatial Coordinate ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Plane Normal

Abstract Located deep in the temporal bone, the semicircular canal is a subtle structure that requires a spatial coordinate system for measurement and observation. In this study,Fifty-five semicircular canal and eyeball models were obtained by segmentation of MRI data. The spatial coordinate system was established by taking the top of the common crus and the bottom of eyeball as the horizontal plane. Firstly, the plane equation is calculated according to the centerline of the semicircular canals. Then, according to the parameters of the plane equation, the plane normal vectors are obtained. Finally, the average unit normal vector of each semicircular canal plane can be obtained by calculating the average value of the vectors. It is more intuitive and accurate to calculate the average normal vector of semicircular canal plane with the vector average method, which is different from the angular average method in different degrees. The mathematical model of semicircular canal spatial attitude established in this study is more reliable, which can guide the vestibular function examination, and also help guide the diagnosis and treatment of BPPV.

scholarly journals Design and Analysis of Posterior Semicircular Canal BPPV Diagnostic Test Based on Physical Simulation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaokai Yang ◽  
Qiancheng Yang ◽  
Zhaobang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Semicircular Canal ◽  
Physical Simulation ◽  
Normal Vector ◽  
Forward Angle ◽  
Unit Normal Vector ◽  
Posterior Semicircular Canal ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Crista Ampullaris ◽  
Unit Normal

Abstract To discusses and analyzes how to realize the design of posterior semicircular canal BPPV diagnostic maneuver. First, measure the spatial attitude of the human semicircular canal, establish a BPPV virtual simulation platform, then analyze the key positions of the maneuver, and finally design a new diagnostic maneuver according to the demand, and perform physical simulation verification. The average value of the unit normal vector of the right posterior semicircular plane is [ 0.660, 0.702, 0.266], after rotate -46.8 ° around Z axis and 15.4 ° around Y axis, it parallel to the X axis. After that, when the tilt back angle reaches 70 °, the free otoconia in the left utricle will fall into the common crus; when bend forward 53.3°, the unit normal vector of the crista ampullaris plane of the posterior semicircular canal to the XY plane; when bend forward angle reaches 30°, the otoconia slides to the opening of the ampulla; when bend forward angle reaches 70°, the otoconia slides to the bottom of the crista ampullaris. The shallow pitching Yang maneuver is designed as turn head 45° to the one side, bend forward 45°, tilt back 90°, and bend forward 90°. The deep pitching Yang maneuver is designed as bend forward 90°, turn head 45° to one side, tilt back 135°, and bend forward 90°. A new posterior semicircular BPPV diagnostic test is designed to make the induced nystagmus have the characteristics of long latency, reversal, and repeatability, will not cause the inhibitory stimulation of the contralateral superior semicircular canal, and has good operation fault tolerance, which is of great value for clinical and scientific research.

Schuknecht’s Temporal Bone Bank in Boston

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Baloh
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Semicircular Canal ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Posterior Semicircular Canal ◽  
Provocative Test ◽  
Posterior Canal ◽  
Left Posterior ◽  
Test Position ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo

When Harold Schuknecht arrived at Harvard in 1961, he immediately set up a temporal bone laboratory and began collecting specimens. Schuknecht obtained two specimens from patients with a typical clinical picture of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). In these specimens, Schuknecht identified a prominent granular basophilic staining mass attached to the cupula of the left posterior semicircular canal. Based on his findings, Schuknecht coined the term “cupulolithiasis” (“stones on the cupula”) to explain the clinical syndrome of BPPV. He assumed that substances having a specific gravity greater than endolymph and thus subject to movement with changes in the direction of gravitational force come into contact with the cupula of the posterior semicircular canal. With the head in the erect position, the posterior canal ampulla is located inferiorly, whereas in the provocative test position (supine, head hanging, ear down) the posterior canal assumes a superior position.

The incidence of tympanogenic labyrinthitis ossificans

2014 ◽  
Vol 128 (7) ◽  
pp. 618-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
H-Y Lin ◽  
Y-K Fan ◽  
K-C Wu ◽  
M-T Shu ◽  
C-C Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Semicircular Canal ◽  
Lateral Semicircular Canal ◽  
Posterior Semicircular Canal ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽  
Labyrinthitis Ossificans ◽  
Computed Tomography Scans ◽  
History Of

AbstractObjective:To estimate the incidence of tympanogenic labyrinthitis ossificans.Methods:The records of patients treated with mastoidectomy for various tympanogenic aetiologies from January 2007 to December 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients whose high-resolution computed tomography scans showed evidence of labyrinthine calcification of the temporal bone were enrolled. Patients with a history of head and neck cancer, meningitis, and otosclerosis, and patients with cochlear implants, were excluded from this study.Results:A total of 195 patients were enrolled in this study; 4 of the patients presented with calcification in the inner ear. Therefore, the incidence of tympanogenic labyrinthitis ossification was 2 per cent. The computed tomography findings revealed: (1) cochlear calcifications of the basal and middle turn in two patients; and (2) vestibular, superior semicircular canal, posterior semicircular canal and lateral semicircular canal calcification in one, four, three and two patients, respectively.Conclusion:The incidence of tympanogenic labyrinthitis ossification in patients who had undergone a mastoidectomy was 2 per cent.

Acute Vestibular Paralysis in Herpes Zoster Oticus

1979 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard Proctor ◽  
John Lindsay ◽  
Henry Perlman ◽  
Gregory Matz
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Zoster ◽  
Semicircular Canal ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Semicircular Canals ◽  
Caloric Test ◽  
Lateral Semicircular Canal ◽  
Posterior Semicircular Canal ◽  
Herpes Zoster Oticus ◽  
Eye Closure

A case of herpes zoster oticus is presented in which the lateral and superior semicircular canals of the labyrinth were affected unilaterally. The results of several electronystagmographic examinations are described and correlated with the patient's description of symptoms. This case study indicates that disease affecting the lateral semicircular canal is reliably detected by the conventional caloric test. However, the fact that the posterior semicircular canal remained intact could not be inferred from the results of the caloric test in this case. Also, the appearance of nystagmus upon eye closure appears to have been a more sensitive index of the state of the disease process than was the caloric test.

Arcuate eminence in Caucasian populations

2001 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsunobu Tsunoda
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Semicircular Canal ◽  
Middle Cranial Fossa ◽  
Tympanic Cavity ◽  
Lateral Semicircular Canal ◽  
Superior Semicircular Canal ◽  
Cranial Fossa ◽  
Temporal Bones

The arcuate eminence (AE) was studied in 21 Caucasian cadavers (42 temporal bones), with particular reference to its relationship to the superior semicircular canal (SSC) and the temporal lobe. An arc-like eminence was observed in over 80 per cent of specimens, however, they did not exactly correspond to the SSC and such eminences corresponded to the sulci of the temporal lobe. The round and domed eminence corresponded to each SSC in seven temporal bones. The distances between the SSC and the middle cranial fossa were varied (0–2.5 mm, mean: 1.2 mm+± 0.6 mm) whereas distances between the lateral semicircular canal and tympanic cavity were relatively consistent (0.6–1.4 mm, mean: 1.0 mm ± 0.2 mm).These data indicate that the AE is trace of the temporal lobe and the SSC gave little effect to the surface of the middle cranial fossa. These findings could well be applicable to all humans.

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