scholarly journals Behavioral Profiles of Adolescent Alcohol-Preferring/Non-preferring (P/NP) and High/Low Alcohol-Drinking (HAD/LAD) Rats Are Dependent on Line but Not Sex

2022 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stina Lundberg ◽  
Erika Roman ◽  
Richard L. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Behavioral Characteristics ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Behavioral Profile ◽  
Behavioral Profiles ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Naturalistic Setting ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
On Line ◽  
Low Alcohol

Initial contact with alcohol generally occurs during adolescence, and high consumption during this period is associated with increased risk for later alcohol (AUDs) and/or substance use disorders (SUDs). Rodents selectively bred for high or low alcohol consumption are used to identify behavioral characteristics associated with a propensity for high or low voluntary alcohol intake. The multivariate concentric square field™ (MCSF) is a behavioral test developed to study rodents in a semi-naturalistic setting. Testing in the MCSF creates a comprehensive behavioral profile in a single trial. The current aim was to examine the behavioral profiles of adolescent, bidirectionally selectively bred male and female high alcohol-consuming (P and HAD1/2) and low alcohol-consuming (NP and LAD1/2) rat lines, and outbred Wistar rats. Alcohol-naïve rats were tested once in the MCSF at an age between postnatal days 30 and 35. No common behavioral profile was found for either high or low alcohol-consuming rat lines, and the effect of sex was small. The P/NP and HAD2/LAD2 lines showed within pair-dependent differences, while the HAD1/LAD1 lines were highly similar. The P rats displayed high activity and risk-associated behaviors, whereas HAD2 rats displayed low activity, high shelter-seeking behavior, and open area avoidance. The results from P rats parallel clinical findings that denser family history and risk-taking behavior are strong predictors of future AUDs, often with early onset. Contrarily, the HAD2 behavioral profile was similar to individuals experiencing negative emotionality, which also is associated with a vulnerability to develop, often with a later onset, AUDs and/or SUDs.

A Retrieval System for a Library of Pathology Reports, Slides and Kodachromes

1972 ◽  
Vol 11 (03) ◽  
pp. 152-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. GAYNON ◽  
R. L. WONG
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Operative Procedure ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Free Text ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inverted File ◽  
Natural Language Parsing ◽  
On Line ◽  
Pathology Reports ◽  
Frequency Counts

With the objective of providing easier access to pathology specimens, slides and kodachromes with linkage to x-ray and the remainder of the patient’s medical records, an automated natural language parsing routine, based on dictionary look-up, was written for Surgical Pathology document-pairs, each consisting of a Request for Examination (authored by clinicians) and its corresponding report (authored by pathologists). These documents were input to the system in free-text English without manual editing or coding.Two types of indices were prepared. The first was an »inverted« file, available for on-line retrieval, for display of the content of the document-pairs, frequency counts of cases or listing of cases in table format. Retrievable items are patient’s and specimen’s identification data, date of operation, name of clinician and pathologist, etc. The English content of the operative procedure, clinical findings and pathologic diagnoses can be retrieved through logical combination of key words. The second type of index was a catalog. Three catalog files — »operation«, »clinical«, and »pathology« — were prepared by alphabetization of lines formed by the rotation of phrases, headed by keywords. These keywords were automatically selected and standardized by the parsing routine and the phrases were extracted from each sentence of each input document. Over 2,500 document-pairs have been entered and are currently being utilized for purpose of medical education.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Inflammatory Cytokines and Coagulopathy in Patients with COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2020
Author(s):  
Fariba Rad ◽  
Ali Dabbagh ◽  
Akbar Dorgalaleh ◽  
Arijit Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Coagulation Parameters ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Α Level ◽  
High Level

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), with a broad range of clinical and laboratory findings, is currently the most prevalent medical challenge worldwide. In this disease, hypercoagulability and hyperinflammation, two common features, are accompanied by a higher rate of morbidity and mortality. We assessed the association between baseline inflammatory cytokine levels and coagulopathy and disease outcome in COVID-19. One hundred and thirty-seven consecutive patients hospitalized with COVID-19 were selected for the study. Baseline interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) level were measured at time of admission. At the same time, baseline coagulation parameters were also assessed during the patient’s hospitalization. Clinical findings, including development of thrombosis and clinical outcome, were recorded prospectively. Out of 136 patients, 87 (~64%) had increased cytokine levels (one or more cytokines) or abnormal coagulation parameters. Among them, 58 (~67%) had only increased inflammatory cytokines, 12 (~14%) had only coagulation abnormalities, and 17 (19.5%) had concomitant abnormalities in both systems. It seems that a high level of inflammatory cytokines at admission points to an increased risk of developing coagulopathy, thrombotic events, even death, over the course of COVID-19. Early measurement of these cytokines, and timely co-administration of anti-inflammatories with anticoagulants could decrease thrombotic events and related fatal consequences.

scholarly journals Assessment of Health Seeking Behavior of Gestational Diabetes in Pregnancy among Elderly Primi Mother

2021 ◽  
pp. 261-267
Author(s):  
Prachi Dhale ◽  
Pragati Dhawale ◽  
Amrin Dosani ◽  
Gaurav Dongare ◽  
Bali Thool
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Diabetes In Pregnancy ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Health Seeking Behavior ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
In Pregnancy

Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is diagnosed by elevated blood glucose in pregnancy though the definition has changed repeatedly since its first description in the 1960’s. The most frequently reported perinatal consequence of GDM is macrosomia (usually defined as a neonate weighing over 4 kg) which can increase the risk of caesarean section and shoulder dystocia. For the mother, there are also potential longer-term consequences including an increased risk of type 2 diabetes post-pregnancy and/or in later life. The investigators of a large international Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) study aimed to identify a cut-point in the continuum to decide the blood glucose level (BGL) thresholds that should be used to define GDM. Objective: To assess the incidence rate of gestational diabetes in pregnancy among the elderly primi mother. To assess the health seeking behavior of gestational diabetes in elderlyprimimothers.  To associate the demographic variables of gestational diabetes in elderly primi mothers. Materials and Methods: A Descriptive research study was to assess the incidence and Health seeking behavior of gestational diabetes in pregnancy among the elderly primi mother. The target population for the study includes all antenatal women (12-36 weeks of gestation) who attend the antenatal clinics of AVBRH Out Patient Department. Sample consists of sub set of units that compose accessible population. In this study sample size was 100 elderly primi mother of selected area of community of Wardha. A tool is an instrument or equipment used for collection of data. A blue print was prepared prior to the construction of knowledge questionnaire based on which items were developed. Results: A finding shows that (41%) were having good, (40%) were having very good, (17%) were having average and (2%) were having excellent knowledge score. The minimum score was 05 and maximum score was 14, the mean score for the test was 8.93 ± 2.23 and mean percentage of knowledge was 59.54%. There was no significant association in relation to age, education, occupation, No.of gravida, income etc.

Cardiac Outcomes After Myocardial Infarction in Elderly Patients With Diabetes Mellitus

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 504-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Chyun ◽  
Viola Vaccarino ◽  
Jaime Murillo ◽  
Lawrence H. Young ◽  
Harlan M. Krumholz
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Ventricular Function ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Comorbid Conditions ◽  
Recurrent Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

• Objective To examine the association between (1) comorbid conditions related to diabetes mellitus, clinical findings on arrival at the hospital, and characteristics of the myocardial infarction and (2) risk of heart failure, recurrent myocardial infarction, and mortality in the year after myocardial infarction in elderly 30-day survivors of myocardial infarction who had non–insulin- or insulin-treated diabetes. • Methods Medical records for June 1, 1992, through February 28, 1993, of Medicare beneficiaries (n = 1698), 65 years or older, hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction in Connecticut were reviewed by trained abstractors. • Results One year after myocardial infarction, elderly patients with non–insulin- and insulin-treated diabetes mellitus had significantly greater risk for readmission for heart failure and recurrent myocardial infarction than did patients without diabetes mellitus, and risk was greater in patients treated with insulin than in patients not treated with insulin. Diabetes mellitus, comorbid conditions related to diabetes mellitus, clinical findings on arrival, and characteristics of the myocardial infarction, specifically measures of ventricular function, were important predictors of these outcomes. Mortality was greater in patients not treated with insulin than in patients treated with insulin; the increased risk was mostly due to comorbid conditions related to diabetes mellitus and poorer ventricular function. • Conclusions Risk of heart failure, recurrent myocardial infarction, and mortality is elevated in elderly patients who have non–insulin- or insulin-treated diabetes mellitus. Comorbid conditions related to diabetes mellitus and ventricular function at the time of the index myocardial infarction are important contributors to poorer outcomes in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Stress Seeking: Selected Behavioral Characteristics of Elite Rock Climbers

1985 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 400-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.W. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Rock Climbing ◽  
Social Bond ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Behavioral Characteristics ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
The Individual

Although it has generated much theorizing (Csikszentmihalyi, 1975; Ellis, 1973; Harris, 1980; Mitchell, 1983), the phenomenon of stress-seeking behavior, as demonstrated in regular long-term involvement in the high-risk sports, has not been researched widely. In an attempt to go beyond the prevalent but simplistic "exhilaration' ' type of explanation for stress-seeking, this study examined the phenomenon in terms of the psychological characteristics associated with successful long-term involvement in the risk sport of rock climbing. Four behavioral characteristics were assessed: sensation seeking (SS), defined as "the need for varied, novel and complex sensations and experiences and the willingness to undertake physical and social risks for the sake of such experiences" (Zuckerman, 1979, p. 10); trait anxiety (TA), which refers to relatively stable individual differences in anxiety proneness (Spielberger, Gorsuch, & Lushene, 1970); need for achievement (NAch), which relates to the determinants of direction, magnitude, and persistence of behavior when the individual knows that his or her performance will be evaluated (Atkinson, 1964); and affiliation (AFF), which refers to the tendency to seek out, attain, and maintain a social bond with other people (Alderman, 1974).

scholarly journals Effects of Sex and Fatigue on Biomechanical Measures During the Drop-Jump Task in Children

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 232596711667964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristín Briem ◽  
Kolbrún Vala Jónsdóttir ◽  
Árni Árnason ◽  
Þórarinn Sveinsson
Keyword(s):  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Acl Injury ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Drop Jump ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Movement Strategies

Background: Female athletes have a higher rate of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury than males from adolescence and into maturity, which is suggested to result from sex-specific changes in dynamic movement patterns with maturation. Few studies have studied movement strategies and response to fatigue in children. Purpose: To evaluate the effect of fatigue on biomechanical variables associated with increased risk for ACL injury during a drop-jump (DJ) performance in children. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A total of 116 children (mean age, 10.4 years) were recruited from local sports clubs and performed 5 repetitions of a DJ task before and after a fatigue protocol. Kinematic and kinetic data from initial contact (IC) to the first peak vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) were analyzed for both limbs, including limb and fatigue as within-subject factors for analyses between boys and girls. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to identify associations between variables of interest. Results: Girls demonstrated greater peak vGRF values than boys (by 8.1%; P < .05), there were greater peak vGRF values for the right limb than the left (by 6.2%; P < .001), and fatigue led to slightly greater values ( P < .05). Although weak, the correlation between peak vGRF values and knee flexion excursion was stronger for girls ( r = –0.20) than boys ( r = –0.08) ( P < .006). Fatigue resulted in greater knee flexion angles at IC and less excursion during landing, more so for girls (by 6.1° vs 1.4°; interaction, P < .001), although the knee flexion moment was generally lowered by fatigue ( P < .001). Limb asymmetry in knee flexion moments was more pronounced for boys than for girls (interaction, P < .05), contrary to that seen in frontal plane knee moments, where asymmetry was much greater in girls than boys (interaction, P < .001). Conclusion: Even as young athletes, girls and boys seem to adopt dissimilar movement strategies and are differently affected by fatigue. Clinical Relevance: Injury prevention programs should be considered at an earlier age in an effort to lower the risk of ACL injury in athletes.

Relationship between cancer and allergy.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e12018-e12018
Author(s):  
Bruno Gustavo Muzzi Carvalho Carneiro ◽  
Andy Petroianu ◽  
Rafael Augusto Ribeiro Carvalho ◽  
Thiago Neto Ribeiro ◽  
Ana Maria Santos Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Cancer Group ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Food Antigens ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cutaneous Test ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

e12018 Background: Many studies have suggested an inverse association between allergies and cancer, while others have found no relation between them, and still others have shown an increased risk of cancer in allergy patients. The conflicting findings from prior studies are partially due to the chosen research method, such as different definitions and measures for atopy, in addition to variations in the control of confusion factors, such as smoking and obesity. Objectives: Verify if there is a relation between certain types of cancer and allergies; investigate if there is a difference between individuals with and without cancer in relation to allergies. Methods: Case-control study carried out at the Alberto Cavalcanti Hospital of the Hospital Foundation of the State of Minas Gerais (FHEMIG), Brazil, from 2009 to 2011. The study included patients over 18 years of age, from both genders, who presented a diagnosis of cancer, as compared to healthy individuals, paired by gender and age. An anamnesis was gathered considering the medical history of the allergy, as diagnosed by a doctor, as well as the patients’ habits, associated illnesses, and the use of medications. For cancer patients, data concerning the tumor were recorded. Subsequently, an allergy percutaneous test was performed in each group to detect allergic hyperreactivity toward common inhalable, bacterial, and food antigens within our everyday environment. A blood sample was collected to quantitatively evaluate the eosinophils. Results: Both groups were paired according to interest variables, and eventual deviations were adjusted by means of multivariate analysis. Reports of allergies occurred in 30% of the patients in the cancer group, as compared to 53% in the control group (p<0.05), whereas in the cutaneous tests, a greater positivity occurred in the cancer group (69%) than in the control group (51%, p<0.05). No difference in the eosinophil values could be observed within the groups. Conclusions: Cancer patients present fewer allergies. By contrast, in cancer patients, positive cutaneous tests detected allergies which did not correspond to the clinical findings. Therefore, in cancer patients, the positive cutaneous test for allergies does not present a direct relation to the presence of clinically detectable allergies.

scholarly journals Resilience in children and young people with intellectual disabilities: a review of literature

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 86-97
Author(s):  
Raghu Raghavan ◽  
Edward Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Personal Attributes ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
On Line ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
The Individual

Purpose Building the resilience of children with intellectual disabilities (ChID) can help reduce the personal, social and economic costs associated with mental ill health among such children. The purpose of this paper is to review the research evidence on resilience in ChID and to suggest areas for further research. Design/methodology/approach Journal articles published in the last 20 years were searched in on-line databases to find potential papers for this review. The inclusion criteria were to search for published journal articles covering the theme of resilience in ChID and their families. All identified titles and abstracts were screened which resulted in 50 articles. These were scrutinised more thoroughly and 34 remaining articles were selected for review. Findings Resilience is a dynamic process involving interactions between various risk and protective processes both internal and external to the individual that act to mediate the influences of adverse life events. Five key themes were identified within the literature which helped to form a picture of the current understanding of resilience among ChID and their careers. These were increased risk factors associated with ID, the role of personal attributes on resilience, family and resilience, schooling and resilience, and cultural factors which enhance resilience. Originality/value Despite the consistency with which poor outcomes for ChID have been reported there is little investigation of the specific causes, contributory factors and processes that might improve them. This paper contributes to greater understanding of resilience factors for children and young people with ID and provides areas for further research.

scholarly journals Metabolic Consequences of Gestational Cannabinoid Exposure

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (17) ◽  
pp. 9528
Author(s):  
Kendrick Lee ◽  
Daniel B. Hardy
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Fetal Development ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Placental Insufficiency ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cannabis Consumption

Up to 20% of pregnant women ages 18–24 consume cannabis during pregnancy. Moreover, clinical studies indicate that cannabis consumption during pregnancy leads to fetal growth restriction (FGR), which is associated with an increased risk of obesity, type II diabetes (T2D), and cardiovascular disease in the offspring. This is of great concern considering that the concentration of Δ9- tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), a major psychoactive component of cannabis, has doubled over the last decade and can readily cross the placenta and enter fetal circulation, with the potential to negatively impact fetal development via the endocannabinoid (eCB) system. Cannabis exposure in utero could also lead to FGR via placental insufficiency. In this review, we aim to examine current pre-clinical and clinical findings on the direct effects of exposure to cannabis and its constituents on fetal development as well as indirect effects, namely placental insufficiency, on postnatal metabolic diseases.

scholarly journals Naturalistic Topography Assessment in a Randomized Clinical Trial of Smoking Unfiltered Cigarettes: Challenges, Opportunities, and Recommendations

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 11857
Author(s):  
Devan R. Romero ◽  
Kim Pulvers ◽  
Erika Carter ◽  
Casey Barber ◽  
Nora Satybaldiyeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Behavioral Characteristics ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Smoking Topography ◽  
Naturalistic Setting ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Routine Inspection ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Multiple Time Points

Smoking topography (ST) is a set of measures profiling the behavioral characteristics of smoking in various settings. The CReSS portable device can measure ST in the natural environment. No standard protocol exists for measuring ST longitudinally with the CReSS. This study examined the utilization of the CReSS to measure ST and highlights challenges and opportunities in a naturalistic setting. This study is part of a randomized cross-over clinical trial of smoking filtered or unfiltered cigarettes. Participants (n = 43) smoked in each study condition for two weeks using the CReSS device for five days in their naturalistic smoking setting. The devices were calibrated and cleaned during the washout period, and data were downloaded every visit. Five test puffs were administered to calibrate each device. Moderate compliance rates (74.1%) were found with device usage, and the issues encountered were overheating/clogging, incorrectly registered date/time-stamped data, and device repair/replacement. Routine inspection/cleaning and training in device usage were instrumental in mitigating device malfunctioning. The CReSS device proved to be a feasible tool to examine naturalistic smoking topography and the potential impact of changes in tobacco product design on smoking unfiltered cigarettes. This is the first study to examine ST variables longitudinally, measured at multiple time points, and using unfiltered cigarettes.

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