scholarly journals Percentile Curves for Multiple Physical Fitness Components Among Chinese Han Children and Adolescents Aged 7–18 Years From a National Survey Based on the Total and the Normal Weight Population

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Ma ◽  
Jiajia Dang ◽  
Yunfei Liu ◽  
Panliang Zhong ◽  
Xiaojin Yan ◽  
...  

Introduction: To develop sex- and age-specific percentile curves for seven physical fitness components for Chinese Han children and adolescents aged 7–18 years based on the total and the normal weight population using a nationally representative sample.Methods: A total of 214,228 Chinese Han children and adolescents aged 7–18 years old with all nutritional status and 161,999 with normal weight were examined. Seven physical fitness components [forced vital capacity (FVC), standing long jump (SLJ), 50-m dash, sit-and-reach (SR), grip strength (GS), body muscle strength (BMS), and endurance running (ER)] were measured, and percentile curves for each physical fitness component at the 20th, 40th, 60th, and 80th percentiles were calculated using the general additive model for location, scale, and shape (GAMLSS).Results: Physical fitness presents different characteristics in each subgroup of sex, age, and nutritional status among children and adolescents. Sex- and age-specific percentiles for the seven physical fitness components among the Chinese Han children and adolescents aged 7–18 years based on the total and the normal weight population were provided as curves. Boys performed better than girls in FVC, SLJ, 50-m dash, GS, and ER but worse in SR. The performances of FVC, SLJ, 50-m dash, GS, BMS, and ER increased with age, but the estimates of SR were at the bottom among boys aged 12 years and girls aged 11 years. The annual increments of all components were larger in boys than girls at the peak time, which was earlier in girls than boys. The gap of physical fitness components between sexes increased with age, especially during puberty (since after 11 years old).Conclusion: The present study described the percentile curves of seven physical fitness components among the Chinese Han children and adolescents based on the total and the normal weight population at the national level, which could help to chart the level of physical fitness across age span and identify the extreme populations with either health concerns or potential talents.

Hypertension ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nayara A Cruz ◽  
Lilian C Oliveira ◽  
Fernanda B Fernandes ◽  
Dulce E Casarini

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) plays a dominant role in renal and cardiovascular diseases, obesity and diabetes. The somatic ACE (130-190 kDa) is composed of two homologous N- and C- domains. Two soluble N-domain isoforms have been described in human urine with 65 and 90KDa. Studies have supported that N-domain ACE with 90KDa is a biomarker for hypertension, pre-eclampsia and inflammation. We analyzed the expression of somatic and soluble N-domain ACE isoforms in urine of children and adolescents with different nutritional status and cardiovascular risk profile. The volunteers aged from 6 to 19 years were classified into four groups according to their BMI percentile; underweight (n=51), normal weight (n = 53), overweight (n=53) and obese (n=49). Waist-height-ratio (WHtR) was used to assess cardiovascular risk profile dividing the participants into normal risk (n=105) and high risk (n=101). The urines were concentrated 10-fold and dialyzed with Tris-HCl pH 8 and pure water. Then, we performed western blot analysis using 50μg of lyophilized urinary protein, using the ACE polyclonal antibody Y1. Protein detection was performed by chemiluminescent and analysis in Image Lab software utilizing total protein stain for normalization. ACE expression is augmented in obese children when compared with normal weight children ( 0.09 vs 0.53 arbitrary units, p=0,04 ). The higher cardiovascular risk group also presented increased expression of ACE ( 0.27 vs 0.09 arbitrary units, p=0.046 ). The 90KDa N-domain isoform is frequently found in the high cardiovascular risk children ( p= 0.02 ). According to Spearman correlation test, the expression of 90 kDa N-domain ACE correlates positively with waist circumference, WHtR, BMI percentile and Z-score of BMI. Increased ACE expression in obese children contributes to higher cardiovascular risk once this enzyme biosynthesizes Angiotensin II which promotes blood pressure increase, sympathetic nervous system activation and release of glucocorticoids from adrenal gland. ACE expression is also augmented in children with high cardiovascular risk. Presence of 90 KDa N-domain ACE in urine of children and adolescents is a biomarker of poor prognostic for cardiovascular disease in childhood obesity.


2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 112-116
Author(s):  
Neeraj Sharma ◽  
Shafqit Hussain

Sports, the most ancient human endeavour, known through ages since the time of Hercules, relates to various form of recreational activities like hunting, shooting, sailing,, outdoor games, athletics, swimming etc .Every society tries to include certain values in younger generation through the medium of sports. Ancient society want to encourage valour, dignity and loyalty to the group. Likewise modern society emphasizes specialization, professionalization and commercialization in the realm of sports also. In the present day scenario “Sports For all” has become a popular slogan all over world. Games and sports are is the specialised field. It requires a specific, scientific, and systematic type of training to increase optimum performance of the player. Each game requires different and specific type of physical fitness, components and training method to develop that components there are five physical fitness components and inter related to each other directly and indirectly each components has its own importance in different  games and sports. Volleyball and Handball required flexibility and agility which influence the performance of the player and game. That is why the purpose of the study was to compare the flexibility and agility between the state and national level players of volleyball and handball of district Poonch( jammu and Kashmir) state. To collect data for this study, total 30 (No 30) subject were selected out of which fifteen(15) from Handball and fifteen from Volleyball discipline in District Poonch of J&K State. The age of the subject were ranged from 15 to 20 years according to the school and college records. Flexibility and agility ability  were selected as dependent variables for the study. Sit and reach test was used to measured flexibility and 10*4 shuttle run test was used to measured agility of the players. These tests were administered after proper ground marking, proper demonstration and  proper warming up of the players. The collected data  were statistically analyzed for significant difference by using independent  test. The level of significance was set at 0.05.


2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-382
Author(s):  
Pablo Valdés-Badilla ◽  
Eduardo Guzmán-Muñoz ◽  
Rodrigo Ramírez-Campillo ◽  
Andrés Godoy-Cumillaf ◽  
Yeny Concha-Cisternas ◽  
...  

Introduction: Physical activity is important for achieving healthy aging. Objective: To analyze changes in anthropometric parameters and physical fitness among Chilean older adults after participating in a 16-week physical activity program and to evaluate whether there were differences in relation to their baseline nutritional status or not. Materials and methods: Pre-experimental quantitative study. The study population consisted of 176 older adults (155 women and 21 men) distributed in three groups: normal weight (n=56), overweight (n=67) and obese (n=53). The following variables were evaluated: body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHR) and physical fitness. Results: Significant decreases between pre- and post-measurements were found for WC (p<0.001), BMI (p=0.015), and WHR (p<0.001). Improvements were observed in the following tests: chair stand (p<0.001), arm curl (p<0.001), 2-min step (p<0.001), chair sit-&-reach (p=0.018) and back scratch (p=0.014). Regarding BMI, significant changes were observed between normal weight vs. overweight participants (p=0.001) and between normal weight vs. obese participants (p=0.001). Conclusion: Older adult participants that regularly attended the physical activity program were able to reduce their WC, BMI and WHR, and also improved their physical-functional performance on the chair stand, arm curl, 2-min step, chair sit-&-reach and back scratch tests. In addition, anthropometric parameters and physical fitness also improved regardless of their baseline nutritional status.  


Author(s):  
Yatao Xu ◽  
Maorong Mei ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Qingwei Yan ◽  
Gang He

Background: The increasing prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents is a major public health challenge worldwide. This study examined the relationship between physical fitness and BMI spanning the range from underweight to obese among Chinese mainland children and adolescents. Methods: Participants were 22,681 children and adolescents (11,300 boys and 11,381 girls) aged 10–18 years from the Chinese mainland. Weight status was classified as underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese using WHO 2007 standards. Physical fitness parameters such as cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max), lower body explosive strength (standing broad jump), upper body explosive strength (handgrip strength), abdominal muscular endurance (sit-ups in 30 s), flexibility (sit-and-reach), and agility (repeat bestride (20 s)) were assessed. Results: There was a significant association between weight status categories and physical fitness in all age groups and sex (plinear < 0.001, pquadratic < 0.001). Underweight adolescents performed better in lower limb strength, flexibility, agility, and cardiorespiratory fitness than their obese peers, but worse in upper limb strength. Underweight boys aged 10–11 and 12–13 years and girls aged 10–11 years showed significantly (p < 0.05) high odds of meeting a low physical fitness index. Obese adolescents have high odds of meeting a low physical fitness index with age. Conclusion: The present study showed a nonlinear relationship between weight status and physical fitness. Children and adolescents who were classified as underweight or obese had poorer physical fitness than their normal-weight peers.


2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 704-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvaro Delgado-Alfonso ◽  
◽  
Alejandro Pérez-Bey ◽  
Julio Conde-Caveda ◽  
Rocío Izquierdo-Gómez ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Arely Vergara Castañeda ◽  
Avril Zavaleta Rodríguez ◽  
Rosario Ayala Moreno ◽  
Laura Martino Roaro

Hypertension has been cited as a major risk factor of morbidity and mortality related to cardiovascular diseases and it is considered a public health problem worldwide. There is a lack of information regarding the real prevalence of hypertension among children and adolescents because blood pressure assessment is not considered part of the routine clinical assessment in this population.The aim of this study was analyze the reported prevalence of hypertension in children and adolescents according gender and nutritional status during the period 2000-2014.Methods: A systematic review focused on the assessment of high blood pressure was conducted. Only original articles were selected on the basis of strict inclusion and details and reviewed by pairs. 98 studies met the inclusion criteria. Computerized searches were completed using multiple databases.Results: Nutritional status strongly influences whether children are more likely to have hypertension. However this condition is not the same for overweight children in the United States that have less hypertension than obese children or the adolescents in Asia that the same effect occur. In the case of sex, it was observed that boys in most of the regions are more likely to have hypertension, however this change in the United States and in Africa where girls suffer more of hypertension. According with the age, there are more cases of hypertension among adolescents  than in children, where Latin America reported the highest level of hypertension.Conclusion: The data indicated that despite differences between regions, childhood hypertension has increased in the course of 14 years and it is higher among boys (36.69%) than girls (35.87%), and is also affect by the nutritional status of individuals (37.29% normal weight, 49.49% obese and 68.55% overweight). The reporting of prevalence among children and adolescents around the world need to be improved considerably in order to diminish the inconsistences. 


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliseo Iglesias-Soler ◽  
María Rúa-Alonso ◽  
Jessica Rial-Vázquez ◽  
Jose Ramón Lete-Lasa ◽  
Iván Clavel ◽  
...  

Assessing physical fitness has emerged as a proxy of the health status of children and adolescents and therefore as relevant from a public health point of view. DAFIS is a project included in Plan Galicia Saudable (Healthy Galicia Plan) of the regional government of Galicia (Spain). DAFIS consists of an on-line software devoted to record the results of a standard physical fitness protocol carried out as a part of the physical education curriculum. The aims of this study were: to obtain normative values of physical fitness of the Galician school population evaluated in the DAFIS project, and to identify a reduced number of components and tests able to capture a significant amount of the variability in the physical fitness of children and adolescents. From an initial sample of 27784 records, 15287 cases (7543 males, 7744 females) were considered after filtering. Generalized Additive Models for Location, Scale and Shape were used for obtaining percentile curves and tables for each sex. Furthermore, a principal components analysis was performed, selecting the number of components by applying the Kaiser’s rule and selecting a subset of variables considering the correlation between each variable and the components. Percentile curves and normative values are reported for each test and sex. Physical fitness was better in boys than in girls throughout age groups, except for flexibility that was consistently higher in girls. Two main components were detected throughout age groups: the first one representing body composition and partially cardiorespiratory fitness and the second one muscular fitness. For boys and girls, waist to height ratio had the highest correlations with the first component in four out of six age groups. The highest correlation with the second component, was most frequently observed for the handgrip test both in boys and girls (four out of six age groups). This study provides evidence about the utility of school community actions like DAFIS aimed to track the health-related fitness of children and adolescents. The results suggest that fat mass distribution (i.e., waist to height ratio and waist circumference) and muscular performance (mainly handgrip) concentrate a high proportion physical fitness variance.


Retos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 560-567
Author(s):  
Sonia García-Merino ◽  
Rosa-María Rodríguez-Jiménez ◽  
Álvaro Bustamante-Sánchez ◽  
Silvia Burgos-Postigo

  Lifestyle affects the health of children and adolescents, especially those living with socio-economic disadvantages. The purpose of this study was to evaluate nutritional status, level of fitness, and diet in children and adolescents from different socio-economic environments. To evaluate nutritional status and nutritional habits, Body Mass Index Z-score, Waist-to-Height Index and the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index, were chosen. To measure physical fitness, Eurofit battery was used. Participants were 290 healthy children and adolescents of two groups. Group 1 (78) was part of a social integration project through sport; group 2 (212) belonged to a private school with a high socio-economic status. Differences between groups were found in the nutritional status and physical fitness tests. There were no differences in the total score of the Kid Med Test (p=.42), but data suggested a better quality of food consumption in group 2. Even though both groups exhibited healthy values, results were slightly more favorable for speed of movement and flexibility (p<.05), and for diet habits (better intake of olive oil, less sweet consumption, p < .05) in the group 2. The study, even with limitations, shows that there is still room for equal opportunities in promoting the quality of life of young people.  Resumen: El estilo de vida afecta a la salud de los niños y adolescentes, especialmente a los que viven en riesgo de exclusión social y económica. El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar el estatus nutricional, el nivel de condición física y la dieta en niños y adolescentes de diferentes entornos socioeconómicos. Para evaluar el estatus nutricional y los hábitos nutricionales, se eligió el índice de masa corporal z-score, el índice cintura-estatura y el índice de calidad de la dieta mediterránea. Para medir la aptitud física, se utilizó la batería Eurofit. Los participantes fueron 290 niños y adolescentes sanos de dos grupos. El grupo 1 (78) formaba parte de un proyecto de integración social a través del deporte; el grupo 2 (212) pertenecía a un colegio privado de alto nivel socioeconómico. Se encontraron diferencias entre los grupos en las pruebas de estatus nutricional y de aptitud física. No hubo diferencias en la puntuación total del Kid Med Test (p=.42), pero los datos sugirieron una mejor calidad del consumo de alimentos en el grupo 2. Aunque ambos grupos presentaban valores saludables, el grupo 2 obtuvo mejores resultados en la velocidad de movimiento y la flexibilidad (p<.05), y en los hábitos dietéticos (mejor consumo de aceite de oliva, menos consumo de dulces, p <.05). El estudio, aun con limitaciones, muestra que todavía hay espacio para la igualdad de oportunidades en la promoción de la calidad de vida de los jóvenes.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document