Nutritional Characterization of a Traditional Cultivar of Tomato Grown Under Organic Conditions—cv. “Malacara”

The loss of genetic diversity due to the replacement of local tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) varieties by improved cultivars has been mitigated in many cases by the good work of organic farmers in maintaining local agricultural biodiversity. In parallel to these initiatives, in recent years, consumers have developed an increasing awareness of both food-related health, environmental issues, and food demand to recover the flavors of the past. In the case of tomatoes, these attributes (nutritional, organoleptic, social, and environmental) are closely related to organic production using local varieties. “Malacara” tomato is an example of a local variety. Coming from Sierra de Cádiz, it is a varietal type called “Cuelga” (“for hanging,” because the tomato trusses are hung from beams in the farmhouses). Cultivated and harvested in the open air during the summer months, these tomatoes are commercialized and consumed in the winter. Historically, this variety has enabled the fresh consumption of tomatoes during the winter, without the need to force cultivation. It is highly appreciated in the local cuisine and is the basis for sauces figuring in typical dishes. Its characteristic traits are small, pallid fruits, and long shelf life. The main objective of this work has been to typify two Malacara tomato cultivars (red and yellow color) grown under organic farming conditions, through the characterization of morphological, nutritional, and volatile parameters. The main differences are due to morphological parameters (fruit weight and color of the exocarp and endocarp). Other characteristics such as the content of ash, fiber, moisture, the concentration of iron, magnesium, and calcium, and content of lycopene are different between both cultivars. This study provides information on the nutritional and aromatic composition of two Malacara tomato cultivars, differentiated by their color and grown under organic farming conditions. The results add value to the native horticultural heritage and can aid in the selection of tomato varieties suitable for a sustainable production system and to produce tomatoes with high nutritional value and rich in aroma.

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The Effects of a Microorganisms-Based Commercial Product on the Morphological, Biochemical and Yield of Tomato Plants under Two Different Water Regimes

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms7120706 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (12) ◽

pp. 706 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Carmen-Simona Inculet ◽

Gabriela Mihalache ◽

Vincenzo Michele Sellitto ◽

Raluca-Maria Hlihor ◽

Vasile Stoleru

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Organic Production ◽

Lower Amount ◽

Essential Requirement ◽

Water Regimes ◽

New Information ◽

Tomato Cultivars ◽

And Performance ◽

Water Amount

The practice of organic agriculture represents an essential requirement for conserving natural resources and for providing the food necessary for a growing population, on a sustainable basis. Tomatoes are considered to be one of the most important crops worldwide. In this context, the organic production of tomatoes should be taken into more consideration. The use of microorganisms-based commercial products is an alternative to chemical fertilizers. Anyway, the results of their use are still variable because of various factors. The aim of this study was to test the effect of inoculation with AMF, PGPR and fungi-based products (Rizotech plus®) on the morphological (length of the plants), biochemical (lycopen, polyphenols, antioxidant activity), and number of fruits and yields of four tomato cultivars (Siriana F1, HTP F1, Minaret F1, Inima de Bou) in two different water regimes used for irrigation (200 m3 or 300 m3 of water/hectare) under a protected area. The results showed that the efficiency of Rizotech plus® application is dependent on the cultivar and the amount of water used. Also, it was clearly demonstrated that the microorganism inoculation significantly increased the yield of Minaret F1, Siriana F1 and HTP F1 cultivars as compared to the uninoculated plants, regardless of the water amount used in the experiment. Moreover, it was observed that for the irrigation of all four cultivars, inoculated with Rizotech plus®, a lower amount of water (200 m3·ha−1) can be used to get the same length of plants, number of fruits and yield as in the case of a higher amount of water (300 m3·ha−1). In the case of lycopene, polyphenols and antioxidant activity, the results varied with the cultivar and the water amount used. This study gives new information about the functionality and performance of the microorganisms from Rizotech plus® product when applied to different tomato cultivars grown in a tunnel, in the condition of two different water regimes, contributing to a better characterization of it and maybe to a more efficient use in agriculture to achieve optimum results.

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Comparing attitudes and characteristics of organic, former organic and conventional farmers: Evidence from Ireland

Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems ◽

10.1017/s1742170512000294 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 329-337 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Doris Läpple

Keyword(s):

Organic Farming ◽

Personal Characteristics ◽

Organic Production ◽

Primary Data ◽

Policy Recommendations ◽

The European Union ◽

Organic Farmers ◽

Aware Group ◽

New Farmers ◽

Cattle And Sheep

AbstractDespite an overall growth rate of the organic farming sector in the European Union, a considerable number of farmers cease organic production each year. Given the commitment of many European governments to increase the size of their organic farming sectors, reducing the rate of withdrawals from organic production may be an easier option than attracting new farmers into organic farming. In order to reduce the rate of withdrawals, knowledge about those farmers is required. However, to date, little is known about farmers who adopt and subsequently abandon organic farming. This study attempts to fill this gap in the literature by comparing and contrasting the farm and personal characteristics of organic, former organic and conventional farmers. To this end, primary data from 596 Irish cattle and sheep farmers are utilized. Overall, the findings reveal significant differences between the three groups. More specifically, organic farmers are found to be the most environmentally aware farmers, who also rate information gathering as more important than the remaining two groups. Organic farmers are younger, better educated and more likely to be women than conventional farmers. Former organic farmers stand out to be the least risk averse group and also express lower environmental awareness than organic farmers. Conventional farmers are found to be the most profit oriented and least environmentally aware group. In addition, this group farms more intensely stocked enterprises than the remaining groups. The paper concludes with a discussion of some policy recommendations aimed at increasing the size of the organic sector.

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ENSINO DE AGROECOLOGIA E EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL: UMA ANÁLISE A PARTIR DA CONSTITUIÇÃO DE 1988 E DA CRÍTICA DO PARADIGMA ANTROPOCÊNTRICO

Revista Juridica ◽

10.21902/revistajur.2316-753x.v3i56.3572 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (56) ◽

pp. 153

Author(s):

Maria Creusa de Araújo BORGES ◽

William Bispo MELO

Keyword(s):

Environmental Education ◽

Organic Farming ◽

Environmental Awareness ◽

National Policy ◽

Organic Production ◽

Federal Law ◽

The Third ◽

Federal Constitution ◽

Starting Point

RESUMOO artigo problematiza o ensino de agroecologia na perspectiva da educação e da conscientização ambiental com aporte na Constituição Federal de 1988 (CF/88), especificamente no art. 225. Assume, como ponto de partida, a crítica do paradigma antropocêntrico, o qual, entre outros aspectos, trata a natureza como ‘recurso a ser explorado’. Na primeira parte, se busca uma contextualização e análise do conceito de agroecologia e a caracterização dos aspectos socioambientais. Em seguida, se realiza uma análise da normativa referente à agroecologia, com aporte na CF/88, no Decreto Federal nº 7.794/2012, que institui a Política Nacional de Agroecologia e Produção Orgânica, e na Lei Federal nº 10.831/2003, que dispõe sobre a agricultura orgânica. Na terceira parte, se discute o ensino de agroecologia, inserido numa concepção de educação e conscientização ambiental, a partir da abordagem da ecologia de saberes como perspectiva epistemológica, e da crítica do paradigma antropocêntrico, cujas características estão presentes no texto constitucional e cuja superação é necessária para a concretização do disposto no art. 225, §1º, VI, da CF/88.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Agroecologia; Educação Ambiental; Constituição Federal de 1988; Ecologia de Saberes; Paradigma Antropocêntrico.ABSTRACTThe article discusses the teaching of agroecology from the perspective of education and environmental awareness based on the Federal Constitution of 1988 (CF / 88), specifically in art. 225. It takes as its starting point the critique of the anthropocentric paradigm, which, among other things, treats nature as a 'resource to be explored'. In the first part, we seek a contextualization and analysis of the concept of agroecology and the characterization of socioenvironmental aspects. Then, an analysis of the regulation on agroecology is performed, based on CF / 88, Federal Decree No. 7,794 / 2012, which establishes the National Policy on Agroecology and Organic Production, and Federal Law No. 10,831 / 2003, which provides about organic farming. The third part discusses the teaching of agroecology, inserted in a conception of education and environmental awareness, from the approach of the ecology of knowledge as an epistemological perspective, and from the critique of the anthropocentric paradigm, whose characteristics are present in the constitutional text and whose overcoming is. necessary for the implementation of the provisions of art. 225, §1, VI, of CF / 88.KEYWORDS: Agroecology; Environmental education; Federal Constitution of 1988; Ecology of Knowledge; Anthropocentric Paradigm.

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Energy and Nutritional Value of Raw Grains of Domestic Bean Varieties

Агрознање ◽

10.7251/agren1301051h ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 51 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Azra Hadžić ◽

Josip Ćota ◽

Edita Sarić ◽

Irzada Hodžić ◽

Nevzeta Salman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Energy Content ◽

Starch Content ◽

Test Results ◽

Human Diet ◽

Local Varieties ◽

History Of ◽

Total Fat ◽

Selection Of

Beans are food with high nutritional value. In the history of human diet beans are found in use very early, and availability throughout the year enables its wide application. In Bosnia and Herzegovina beans are common ingredients which are an integral part of a meal, especially during the winter. The aim of this paper is to give contribution to the selection of local varieties of beans by highlighting energy and nutritional value of raw grains. The tests in this study included three local varieties of beans, namely Bosna, Darko and Igman in order to assess the levels of carbohydrate, protein and fat (energy content) and the content of minerals (copper, iron, phosphorus, manganese and magnesium). Test results indicate that content of dry matter and water is not conditioned by varietal differences, but the total fat content varies from 0.84% (Bosna) to 1.73% (Darko), and total sugar of 2.4% (Bosna) to 3.36% (Darko and Igman). Protein content compared to the dry matter ranged from 21.18% (Darko) to 25.28% in Bosna. Starch content ranged from 65.78% (Igman) to 67.04% (Bosna). The tested varieties of beans contained significant amounts of trace elements, thus in 100g raw grains there is: up to 69.7% of magnesium, up to 59.2% of phosphorus, up to 79.8% of manganese, up to 42.2% iron and up to 64,1% copper of the RDA (Recommended Dietary Allowances - the total daily needs).

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Barriers to the Development of Organic Farming: A Polish Case Study

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture10110536 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 536

Author(s):

Władysława Łuczka ◽

Sławomir Kalinowski

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Organic Farming ◽

Organic Production ◽

Institutional Barriers ◽

Production Risk ◽

Conversion Period ◽

Organic Farmers ◽

Decision Making Processes

The main purpose of this paper is to explore farmers’ opinions on the barriers to the development of organic farming. A survey was carried out with 262 Polish organic farmers in order to classify the barriers to organic farming development into production, and economic aspects, market aspects and institutional and regulatory aspects. As a next step, a detailed analysis was performed of how the farmers view these barriers. According to this study, Polish organic farmers attach greater importance to economic factors than to non-economic ones. Low yields and production volumes are the reason why many farmers see organic farming as being risky. More than 80% and nearly 60% of farmers covered by this study found the production risk to be very high or high, respectively, during and after the conversion period. Most farmers say they intend to continue their organic production activity only if financial support is provided. Nearly one in five farms (18.3%) want to discontinue organic production in future. This is especially true for two types of farming: specialized grazing livestock farms and mixed holdings. The farmers believe that market aspects and institutional and regulatory factors are the key barriers to the development of organic farming. The findings regarding the role of institutional barriers and communications from regulatory institutions, which affect the farmers’ decision-making processes, are of particular importance. In Poland, the main institutional problem is the instability of laws applicable to organic farming, which adds to the farmers’ uncertainty and decision-making risks. The case study of Poland, which is among the emerging markets for organic food, shows that a stable and coherent support policy is a condition for organic-farming development.

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Some Fruit Characteristics of Cornelian Cherries (Cornus mas L.)

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha3915875 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 255 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Sezai ERCISLI ◽

Suzan O. YILMAZ ◽

Jelena GADZE ◽

Ahmed DZUBUR ◽

Semina HADZIABULIC ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Value ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Solid Content ◽

Organic Production ◽

Soluble Solid Content ◽

Fruit Characteristics ◽

Cornelian Cherry ◽

Cornus Mas ◽

Soluble Solid ◽

Physical And Chemical

This study was carried out on 13 local cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) genotypes grown in Yusufeli (Artvin) in Northeast Anatolia in Turkey. Cornelian cherry fruits from these 13 genotypes were harvested and analyzed during the ripening period in 2010. Some physical and chemical characteristics of cultivars were determined. Fruit weight and fruit flesh ratio of these genotypes ranged from 2.72 to 4.11 g and 79.08 to 89.99%. Soluble solid content were determined the lowest as 13.7% and the highest as 18.6%. The genotypes had vitamin C between 31 to 70 mg/100 g with average of 50 mg/100 g. Total protein, cellulose, tannin and ash content of genotypes were determined between 0.75-2.18%; 0.36-1.08%; 0.57-1.28% and 0.51-1.13%. The genotypes were found to be free of pest and diseases. The present study showed that there were enough variability among cornelian cherry genotypes grown in same ecological conditions of a small area and these genotypes could be important both to improve nutritional value through germplasm enhancement programmes and to use them in organic production.

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Weed Management Practice Selection Among Midwest U.S. Organic Growers

Weed Science ◽

10.1614/ws-d-13-00138.1 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 62 (3) ◽

pp. 520-531 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

James J. DeDecker ◽

John B. Masiunas ◽

Adam S. Davis ◽

Courtney G. Flint

Keyword(s):

Weed Management ◽

Information Seeking ◽

Management Practices ◽

Management Practice ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Organic Production ◽

Integrated Weed Management ◽

Organic Farmers ◽

Organic Weed Management ◽

Selection Of

Organic agricultural systems increase the complexity of weed management, leading organic farmers to cite weeds as one of the greatest barriers to organic production. Integrated Weed Management (IWM) systems have been developed to address the ecological implications of weeds and weed management in cropping systems, but adoption is minimal. Organic agriculture offers a favorable context for application of IWM, as both approaches are motivated by concern for environmental quality and agricultural sustainability. However, adoption of IWM on organic farms is poorly understood due to limited data on weed management practices used, absence of an IWM adoption metric, and insufficient consideration given to the unique farming contexts within which weed management decisions are made. Therefore, this study aimed to (1) characterize organic weed management systems; (2) identify motivations for, and barriers to, selection of weed management practices; and (3) generate guiding principles for effective targeting of weed management outreach. We surveyed Midwestern organic growers to determine how specified psychosocial, demographic, and farm structure factors influence selection of weed management practices. Cluster analysis of the data detected three disparate, yet scaled, approaches to organic weed management. Clusters were distinguished by perspective regarding weeds and the number of weed management practices used. Categorization of individual farms within the identified approaches was influenced by primary farm products as well as farmer education, years farming, and information-seeking behavior. The proposed conceptual model allows weed management educators to target outreach for enhanced compatibility of farming contexts and weed management technologies.

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INSTITUTIONAL BARRIERS TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF ORGANIC FARMING IN POLAND

Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0013.9607 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol XXII (1) ◽

pp. 213-223

Author(s):

Władysława Łuczka

Keyword(s):

Organic Farming ◽

Institutional Environment ◽

Organic Production ◽

Organic Farms ◽

Institutional Barriers ◽

Organic Farmers ◽

Secondary Objective ◽

Low Levels ◽

Certified Organic ◽

High Standards

The purpose of this paper is to identify and describe institutional barriers to the development of organic farming in Poland. As a secondary objective, this paper seeks feedback from organic farmers on measures taken by the institutional environment to promote the development of organic farming. This paper is based on literature reviews and selected findings from empirical research carried out in 2019 with 262 organic farms. The sample used in this study was representative of the general population of certified organic farms. The survey was a CAWI. The study found that organic farming faces many barriers, with frequent amendments to regulations being of key importance. This destabilizes and adds uncertainty to the functioning of organic farms. Another significant barrier are the high standards of organic production and low levels of financial and non-financial support. To a certain extent, these barriers result from the inefficiency of institutions surrounding organic farming. As a consequence, they are considered to poorly contribute to organic farming development.

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Living Mulches For Organic Farming Systems

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech.10.4.692 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 692-698 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

James Leary ◽

Joe DeFrank

Keyword(s):

Pest Management ◽

Organic Farming ◽

Production Systems ◽

Soil Health ◽

Farming Systems ◽

Organic Production ◽

Living Mulch ◽

Organic System ◽

Nutrient Runoff ◽

Organic Farmers

An important aspect of organic farming is to minimize the detrimental impact of human intervention to the surrounding environment by adopting a natural protocol in system management. Traditionally, organic farming has focused on the elimination of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides and a reliance on biological cycles that contribute to improving soil health in terms of fertility and pest management. Organic production systems are ecologically and economically sustainable when practices designed to build soil organic matter, fertility, and structure also mitigate soil erosion and nutrient runoff. We found no research conducted under traditional organic farming conditions, comparing bareground monoculture systems to systems incorporating the use of living mulches. We will be focusing on living mulch studies conducted under conventional methodology that can be extrapolated to beneficial uses in an organic system. This article discusses how organic farmers can use living mulches to reduce erosion, runoff, and leaching and also demonstrate the potential of living mulch systems as comprehensive integrated pest management plans that allow for an overall reduction in pesticide applications. The pesticide reducing potential of the living mulch system is examined to gain insight on application within organic agriculture.

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A comparison of the organic and conventional livestock farming systems of Avalon Farming in West Otago

Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association ◽

10.33584/jnzg.2006.68.2640 ◽

2006 ◽

pp. 127-132

Author(s):

A and S Richardson

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Organic Farming ◽

Farming Systems ◽

Organic Production ◽

Farmers Markets ◽

Livestock Farming ◽

Organic System ◽

Livestock Farming Systems ◽

Organic Farmers ◽

System 2

Organic farming in New Zealand is not considered a mainstream option for farmers. This paper compares organic and conventional farms running side by side at Avalon Farming and details why Avalon Farming is expanding its organic area. Included in the paper are details of the conversion to organic farming and its success. Topics include: 1. Challenges of converting from a conventional to an organic system. 2. Comparing conventional and organic production and the financial returns. 3. Marketing options for organic farmers in New Zealand including the growth of farmers markets.

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