scholarly journals Trends in Obesity and Metabolic Status in Northern and Southern China Between 2012 and 2020

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Li ◽  
Lin Yang ◽  
Lu Yin ◽  
Qingqi Liu ◽  
Yaqin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Control ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Metabolic Status ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Control Plan

Background: The trends of obesity-associated metabolic status in Chinese are lacking, especially those from different regions.Objectives: To examine the trends of obesity and metabolic status among Chinese population in 2012–2020.Methods: In a series cross-sectional study, data on 256,782 participants surveyed between 2014 and 2020 in Beijing, northern China, and 697,170 participants surveyed between 2012 and 2020 in Hunan, southern China were analyzed. Anthropometrics, blood pressure measurements, and blood tests were performed according to standard protocols. Trends in obesity and metabolic status were evaluated using the Joinpoint software.Results: Based on age- and sex-standardized values, the mean BMI values in northern and southern participants were 23.94 (95% CI: 23.93, 23.95) and 23.68 (95% CI: 23.67, 23.69) kg/m2, respectively. Between 2014 and 2020, the overall obesity prevalence among northern participants increased from 12.70% (95% CI: 12.17, 13.23%) to 14.33% (95% CI: 13.97, 14.70%) (P = 0.009), mainly derived by the 20–39 and 40–59 age groups. Moreover, the prevalence of metabolically healthy obese significantly increased from 2.07% (95% CI: 1.84, 2.30%) to 4.33% (95% CI: 4.13, 4.53%) in Northerners. Between 2012 and 2020, no significant trend in obesity was found among overall southern participants, but the prevalence of metabolically unhealthy obese significantly increased from 5.36% (95% CI: 5.18, 5.54%) to 7.35% (95% CI: 7.11, 7.58%), mainly derived by the 20–39 and 40–59 age groups.Conclusions: The trends in obesity and metabolic status were different between southern and northern Chinese. A national weight control plan is needed in China, focusing on young and middle-aged population.

scholarly journals Trends in Obesity and Metabolic Status Among a Health Check-Up Population in Beijing and Hunan Between 2012 and 2020

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Li ◽  
Lin Yang ◽  
Lu Yin ◽  
Qingqi Liu ◽  
Yaqin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Control ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Metabolic Status ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Control Plan ◽  
Metabolically Healthy Obese ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

Abstract Background: Previous cross-sectional studies have reported the prevalence of obesity and metabolic status in China. However, the trend of change in obesity and metabolic status, especially in different sex and age groups are lacking. Methods: In a series cross-sectional study, data on 256,782 participants surveyed between 2014 and 2020 in Beijing and 697,170 participants surveyed between 2012 and 2020 in Hunan were analyzed. Anthropometrics, blood pressure measurements, and blood tests were performed according to standard protocols. Trends in obesity and metabolic status were evaluated using the Joinpoint software to estimate annual percentage changes in slopes.Results: Based on age- and sex-standardized values, the mean BMI values in Beijing and Hunan participants were 23.94 (95%CI: 23.93, 23.95) and 23.68 (95%CI: 23.67, 23.69) kg/m2, respectively. Between 2014-2020, the overall obesity prevalence among Beijing participants increased from 12.70% (95%CI: 12.17%, 13.23%) to 14.33% (95% CI: 13.97%, 14.70%) (P=0.009), mainly derived by the 20-39 and 40-59 age groups. Moreover, the prevalence of metabolically healthy obese significantly increased from 2.07% (95%CI: 1.84%, 2.30%) to 4.33% (95% CI: 4.13%, 4.53%) in Beijing. Between 2012-2020, no significant trend in obesity was found among overall Hunan participants, but the prevalence of metabolically unhealthy obese significantly increased from 5.36% (95% CI: 5.18%, 5.54%) to 7.35% (95% CI: 7.11%, 7.58%), mainly derived by the 20-39 and 40-59 age groups.Conclusions: The trends in obesity and metabolic status were different between Hunan and Beijing. National weight control plan is needed in China, with a particular focus on young and middle-aged population.

scholarly journals Composite index of anthropometric failure among under 5 children attending the Immunoprophylaxis clinic in a tertiary care hospital in Nagpur, Maharashtra, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 888
Author(s):  
Abhijit Kherde ◽  
Chaitanya R. Patil ◽  
Jyotsna Deshmukh ◽  
Prithvi B. Petkar
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Under nutrition is a global public health problem. There are numerous methods of assessment of malnutrition among which CIAF is the most recent, relatively robust since it envisages all the parameters for estimation of nutritional status of the children. So, this study was conducted to find the rates of composite index of anthropometric failure in the children attending the Immunoprophylaxis clinic in a tertiary care hospital of Nagpur and to find associations with the socio demographic variables.Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Immunoprophylaxis clinic of a tertiary care institute in Nagpur from September 2016 to January 2017. The study subjects were the children attending the OPD of Immunoprophylaxis clinic of a tertiary care hospital. Necessary permissions were taken before the start of the study. Data was collected using pretested and pre-designed questionnaire. Height and weight were measured using standard guidelines and categorized into groups of CIAF as described by Nandy et al.Results: A total of 460 study subjects were enrolled in the study. The mean age group of the study subjects was 2.47±1.56 years. According to the grades of CIAF, 48.51% were having no failure. Age and gender were factors which were associated with failure status by CIAF.Conclusions: We found high rates of anthropometric failure in our study. The age groups less than 3 years had higher odds of being in failure when compared to more than 3 years age. Further, males had higher odds of being into failure when compared to females. Community based studies are recommended.

scholarly journals Survey of the pattern of antibiotic dispensing in private pharmacies in Nepal

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e032422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anant Nepal ◽  
Delia Hendrie ◽  
Suzanne Robinson ◽  
Linda A Selvey
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Prescribing Practices ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Low Middle Income Countries

ObjectivesPrivate pharmacies are widely established in most low/middle-income countries (LMICs) including Nepal, and are often considered as a patient’s first point of contact for seeking healthcare. The aim of this study was to investigate the pattern of antibiotic dispensing in private pharmacies through exit interviews with patients to review their medication information.Design and settingCross-sectional study. Data collection was carried out in 60 days at 33 randomly selected private pharmacies in the Rupandehi district of Nepal.ParticipantsPatients attending private pharmacies (n=1537).Main outcome measureThe pattern of antibiotic prescribing and dispensing was investigated using WHO’s core prescribing indicator, ‘the percentage of patients prescribed an antibiotic’. Frequency distributions were presented based on patients’ characteristics, sources of antibiotic, registration status of pharmacies and education of the pharmacist or drug retailer, and disease or condition. χ2tests and regression analysis were applied to explore factors associated with the pattern of antibiotic dispensing.ResultsOf patients attending private pharmacies, the proportion receiving at least one antibiotic (38.4%) was above the WHO recommended value (20.0%–26.8%). The most commonly dispensed antibiotics were cefixime (16.9%) and the third-generation cephalosporins (38.0%) class. High dispensing rates of antibiotics for selected conditions (eg, respiratory infections, diarrhoeal cases) appeared contrary to international recommendations. The percentage of antibiotic dispensed was highest for patients who obtained their medicines from unlicensed pharmacies (59.1%). Young people were more likely to receive antibiotics than other age groups.ConclusionsThe antibiotic dispensing pattern from private pharmacies in Nepal was high compared with WHO guidelines, suggesting initiatives to reduce inappropriate use of antibiotics should be implemented. The findings of this study may be generalisable to other LMICs in order to assist in developing policies and guidelines to promote more appropriate dispensing and prescribing practices of antibiotics and limit the spread of antibiotic resistance.

scholarly journals Maternal Outcome in Ruptured Uterus: A Review of 72 Cases

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
Nibedita Roy ◽  
Kamrun Nahar ◽  
Uttam Kumar Sarker ◽  
Fouzia Akter ◽  
Ayesha Beg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Maternal Outcome ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Data Collection Sheet ◽  
Death Cases ◽  
Ruptured Uterus

This descriptive type of cross-sectional study of 72 cases of uterine rupture was conducted over 1 year (from September 2006 to August 2007) in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh to evaluate the maternal outcome of different types of surgery, to assess the maternal mortality and maternal morbidity. All cases of ruptured uterus which were received & treated and did not die within 30 minutes of admission are included in the study. Data were collected by preformed data collection sheet. The results showed that the common age groups were between 20-30 years in 31(68.00%) cases. Among all ruptured cases, 6 cases (8.33%) were Primigravida, 52 cases (72.22%) were between gravida 2nd to 4th and 14 cases (19.44%) were gravida 5th or above. Among all cases, 66 cases (91.66%) required blood transfusion; Subtotal hysterectomy was done in 36 cases (50.00%), total hysterectomy in 4 cases (5.56%), and repair of the rent in 32 cases (44.44%). Associated operations were done along with repair or hysterectomy in 13 (18.05%) cases. Postoperative complications were found in 23 (31.94%) cases. The shortest stay was 8 days & the longest stay was 62 days. The hospital staying was about 2 weeks in 48(66.70%) cases. Among 10 death cases (13.90%) maximum patient died within first 5 hours. The causes of maternal death were due to septicemia, renal failure and shock in 20%, 30% and 50% respectfully. CBMJ 2016 January: Vol. 05 No. 01 P: 20-26

scholarly journals Nutrient Intakes from Meals and Snacks Differ with Age in Middle-Aged and Older Americans

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica L. Krok-Schoen ◽  
Satya S. Jonnalagadda ◽  
Menghua Luo ◽  
Owen J. Kelly ◽  
Christopher A. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Protein Food ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Meal Patterns ◽  
Age Related

The present study investigated the meal patterns across demographic characteristics in middle-aged and older US adults. Study participants were noninstitutionalized participants from the 2005–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, an observational cross-sectional study. Data from 17,361 adults were categorized into 45–59 years (n = 7366), 60–70 years (n = 5348), and 71+ years (n = 4647) to compare demographics, nutrient intakes, and meal patterns. Dietary recalls were collected using the multiple-pass method. Data analyses were weighted to create a nationally representative sample. Two-thirds of adults reported consuming three meals on the day of intake. Lunch was the most often skipped meal across all age groups. A greater proportion of adults over 70 years reported consuming breakfast, while a smaller proportion reported consuming snacks. Significant differences were observed in total energy and nutrient intakes and proportion of the day’s intakes by meal. Grain, milk, and dairy food group intakes were highest at breakfast, while the protein food group intakes were highest at lunch and dinner. Age-related differences in meal consumption and composition provide valuable formative data to support targeted nutritional education and intervention opportunities to promote and encourage healthy food choices.

scholarly journals Prevalence of age-specific and sex-specific overweight and obesity in Ontario and Quebec, Canada: a cross-sectional study using direct measures of height and weight

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. e022029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Thielman ◽  
Daniel Harrington ◽  
Laura C Rosella ◽  
Heather Manson
Keyword(s):  
Health Survey ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Canadian Health ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Objectively Measured

ObjectiveTo evaluate whether combining three cycles of the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) produces provincially representative and valid estimates of overweight and obesity in Ontario and Quebec.SettingAn ongoing, nationally representative health survey in Canada, with data released every 2 years. Objective measures of height and weight were taken at mobile examination centres located within 100 km of participants’ residences. To increase sample size, we combined three cycles completed during 2007–2013.Participants5740 Ontario residents and 3980 Quebec residents aged 6–79, with birth dates and directly measured height and weight recorded in the CHMS. Pregnant females were excluded. Sociodemographic characteristics of the Ontario and Quebec portions of the CHMS appeared similar to characteristics from the 2006 Canada Census.Primary outcome measuresObjectively measured overweight and obesity prevalence overall and among males and females in the following age groups: 6–11, 12–19, 20–39, 40–59 and 60–79. We compared these with provincially representative and objectively measured estimates from the 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS)-Nutrition.Results57.1% (95% CI 52.8% to 61.4%) of Ontarians were classified overweight or obese and 24.0% (95% CI 20.3% to 27.6%) obese, while Quebec’s corresponding percentages were 56.2% (95% CI 51.3% to 61.1%) and 24.4% (95% CI 20.6% to 28.3%). Generally, overweight and obesity combined was higher in older age groups and males. Comparisons with the CCHS-Nutrition did not yield unexplainable differences between surveys.ConclusionsCombining three CHMS cycles can produce estimates of overweight and obesity in populations representative of Ontario and Quebec. As new CHMS data are collected, these estimates can be updated and used to evaluate trends.

scholarly journals Accidents in Children under 5 Years in Yazd Province, Iran

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Dehghani ◽  
Sadegh Kazemi ◽  
Samaneh Mirzaei ◽  
Mohammad Reza Sadeghian
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children Under 5 ◽  
At Home

Introduction:Accidents are one of the most important causes of injury and death across the world, including Iran. The epidemiological data play a key role in taking effective strategic decisions for their prevention and control. This study was conducted to determine the Frequency of different types of accidents in children aged under 5 years living in Yazd province, Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data on 2489 children under 5 years referred to hospitals in Yazd province were collected from March, 2015 to March, 2016, using the accidents registration forms and the related software. Chi-square test was incorporated to analyze the results using SPSS version 19. Results: The frequency of accidents in boys was 1460 (58.7%) and in girls 1029 (41.3%). Accidents occurred most frequently in April-May (n: 245, 9.8%) and the winter (n: 693, 27.8%). 93.3% of accidents occurred in the urban areas, 4.4% in the rural areas and 2.3% in outside the city and the villages. The total  number of accidents at home was 1743 (70%) and in the alleys and on the streets 495 (19%), the most frequent accident was falling (n: 743, 29.9%), followed by burns (n: 543, 21.8%) and  trauma (n: 495, 19.9%). The difference in the type of accident between different age groups was significant (P< 0.001). Conclusion: The comparatively higher frequency of falling, burn, trauma, as well as the accidents at home and in the winter indicate parents’ insufficient attention to home safety standards and their lack of adequate information about protection of children under5 years against the most common accidents of this age group. Planning for and intervention in these areas might help in reducing the accidents.

scholarly journals A study on assessment of effects of electronic gadgets on mental and physical health among medical students in Central India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyesh Marskole ◽  
Rashmi Yadav ◽  
Soumitra Sethia ◽  
Sachin Parmar ◽  
Rinku Bhagora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Central India ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Laptop Computer ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Waking Up

Background: Human race has witnessed enormous technological advancements especially in last few decades. Electronic gadgets are part of everyday lives of all individuals in all age groups. On one side they make our lives easier and convenient and on the other side their excessive usage is harmful. These gadgets effect physical as well as mental health. Present study was conducted to see the effects of electronic gadgets on physical and mental health of medical students.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among MBBS students of Central India. Students who were present on the time of data collection were included in the study. For the study, data collection tool was a pre-designed, semi structured questionnaire, collected data was compiled in excel sheet and relevant analysis was done.Results: About 70% have habit of waking up between 6 to 8 AM. 95.5% of subjects were using smartphones, 61.5% of subjects using laptop/computer. 58% were spending time with gadgets less than 4 hours while 6.5% were spending more than 10 hours. We found out that 54% had ophthalmic health effects and 46.5% participants accepted feeling anxious, irritated or restless without their gadgets. The study revealed health problems of participants as headache (30%), migraine (1%), depression (7%) and other problems like backache, weakness, joint pain and others.Conclusions: The current and exiting data so far suggest that gadget have definite risk and adverse effects on the health of the general population.

Developing an Eye-Tracking Protocol to Determine Children’s Visual Perception of Secondary Cleft Lip Deformity

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-326
Author(s):  
Emily Karp ◽  
Andrew Scott ◽  
Katherine Martin ◽  
Hanan Zavala ◽  
Siva Chinnadurai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Areas Of Interest ◽  
Tracking Technology

Objective: To develop a protocol that will be used to measure children’s perception of secondary cleft lip deformity (SCLD) using objective eye-tracking technology. Design: Cross-sectional study. Data collection May and June of 2018. Setting: Single tertiary care pediatric hospital with a well-established cleft team. Participants: Participants were recruited from a general pediatric otolaryngology clinic. Sixty participants from 4 age groups (5-6, 10, 13, and 16 years) were enrolled on a voluntary basis. Intervention: Pediatric participants viewed images of children’s faces while wearing eye-tracking glasses. Ten images with unilateral SCLD and 2 control images with no facial scarring were viewed as gaze was assessed. Main Outcome and Measure: Successful gaze fixation was recorded across all age groups. Results: This article illustrates the types of data generated from glasses-based eye tracking in children. All children, regardless of age, spent more time with their gaze on a SCLD images (mean = 4.23 seconds; standard deviation [SD] = 1.41 seconds) compared to control images (mean = 3.97 seconds; SD = 1.42). Younger age groups spent less time looking at specific areas of interest in SCLD images. Conclusion: In this pilot study, we were able to successfully use eye-tracking technology in children to demonstrate gaze preference and a trend toward visual perception of SCLD changing with age. This protocol will allow for a future study, with larger and more diverse populations. Better understanding of how SCLD is perceived among children and adolescents has the potential to guide future interventions for SCLD and other facial deformities in pediatric patients.

scholarly journals Is there a further acceleration in the age at onset of menarche? A cross-sectional study in 1840 school children focusing on age and bodyweight at the onset of menarche

2009 ◽  
Vol 160 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
A M Bau ◽  
A Ernert ◽  
L Schenk ◽  
S Wiegand ◽  
P Martus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Age At Menarche ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

ObjectiveMore than 30 years ago Frisch and Revelle proposed a body weight threshold for the onset of menarche. Based on this hypothesis, a further acceleration of age at menarche can be expected in times of childhood obesity.DesignA cross-sectional study of 1840 healthy school girls (Berlin school children's cohort, BSCOC) within the age groups 10–15 years was conducted in 2006–2007.MethodsMedian age of menarche was calculated by Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. Bi- and multivariate analyses were performed to analyze the associations between menarche age and weight status. A locally weighted regression was used to analyze the relationship respectively between height, weight, and body mass index (BMI)–SDS and age stratified by menarche status.ResultsNine hundred and thirty six (50.9%) girls had already experienced menarche at a median age of 12.8 years. Two hundred and thirty six of these girls reached their menarche recently. Obese/overweight girls reached menarche significantly earlier (12.5 years), than normal weight (12.9 years), and underweight girls (13.7 years). The mean total body weight was similar in all girls at menarche irrespective of age (mean 51.1 kg,s.d.8.1) and height. BMI–SDS remained the only significant factor for onset of menarche within a multiple regression model for early menarche (OR 2.1, 95% confidence interval 1.3–3.3,P=0.002).ConclusionsAge at onset of menarche did not accelerate even in a childhood population with more than 10% obesity prevalence. Nevertheless, a negative correlation of BMI–SDS with age at onset of menarche exists.

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