scholarly journals Current Advances and Challenges in Radiomics of Brain Tumors

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenjie Yi ◽  
Lifu Long ◽  
Yu Zeng ◽  
Zhixiong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Pituitary Tumors ◽  
Large Mass ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
High Dimensional ◽  
Genetic Mutations ◽  
Imaging Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Imaging ◽  
Imaging Arrays ◽  
Mutation Status

Imaging diagnosis is crucial for early detection and monitoring of brain tumors. Radiomics enable the extraction of a large mass of quantitative features from complex clinical imaging arrays, and then transform them into high-dimensional data which can subsequently be mined to find their relevance with the tumor’s histological features, which reflect underlying genetic mutations and malignancy, along with grade, progression, therapeutic effect, or even overall survival (OS). Compared to traditional brain imaging, radiomics provides quantitative information linked to meaningful biologic characteristics and application of deep learning which sheds light on the full automation of imaging diagnosis. Recent studies have shown that radiomics’ application is broad in identifying primary tumor, differential diagnosis, grading, evaluation of mutation status and aggression, prediction of treatment response and recurrence in pituitary tumors, gliomas, and brain metastases. In this descriptive review, besides establishing a general understanding among protocols, results, and clinical significance of these studies, we further discuss the current limitations along with future development of radiomics.

scholarly journals TET2 Mutation and High miR-22 Expression as Biomarkers to Predict Clinical Outcome in Myelodysplastic Syndrome Patients Treated with Hypomethylating Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 917-931
Author(s):  
Jina Yun ◽  
Young Sok Ji ◽  
Geum Ha Jang ◽  
Sung Hee Lim ◽  
Se Hyung Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myelodysplastic Syndrome ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Genetic Mutations ◽  
Dna Hypermethylation ◽  
Leukemic Transformation ◽  
Mutation Status ◽  
Similar Tendency ◽  
Tet2 Mutation ◽  
Expression Status

Tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 (TET2) is one of the most frequently mutated genes in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). TET2 is known to involve a demethylation process, and the loss of TET2 is thought to cause DNA hypermethylation. Loss of TET2 function is known to be caused by genetic mutations and miRNA, such as miR-22. We analyzed 41 MDS patients receiving hypomethylating therapy (HMT) to assess whether TET2 mutation status and miR-22 expression status were associated with their clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes. Responsiveness to HMT was not affected by both TET2 mutation (odds ratio (OR) 0.900, p = 0.909) and high miR-22 expression (OR 1.548, p = 0.631). There was a tendency for TET2 mutation to be associated with lower-risk disease based on IPSS (Gamma = −0.674, p = 0.073), lower leukemic transformation (OR 0.170, p = 0.040) and longer survival (Hazard ratio 0.354, p = 0.059). Although high miR-22 expression also showed a similar tendency, this tendency was weaker than that of TET2 mutation. In summary, the loss of TET2 function, including both TET2 mutation and high miR-22 expression, was not a good biomarker for predicting the response to HMT but may be associated with lower-risk disease based on IPSS, lower leukemic transformation and longer survival.

Brain Tumors

2016 ◽  
pp. 11-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chikezie Eseonu ◽  
Jordina Rincon-Torroella ◽  
Alfredo Quiñones-Hinojosa
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Brain Lesion ◽  
Pituitary Tumors ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Preoperative Care ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Surgical Approaches

Brain tumor cases make up a significant part of the neurosurgery Oral Board Exam. A multitude of brain tumors exist and can be intraaxial or extraaxial. When considering a differential diagnosis for a brain lesion, infection, hematomas, infarctions, thrombosed aneurysms, inflammation, and demyelinating disease must be considered in addition to tumors. Common adult brain tumors consist of gliomas, meningiomas, metastases, and pituitary tumors. Management of brain tumors consists of understanding preoperative care, indications for surgery, surgical approaches, interpretation of preoperative and postoperative imaging, intraoperative and postoperative complications, and the role of adjuvant therapy, including chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Reviewing these essential points for the most common brain tumor cases and mastering the current treatment recommendations for common tumors will also be helpful for the boards.

A Rare Case of Cherubism in Twins: Clinical Imaging Diagnosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. e67
Author(s):  
Jéssica Lourdes De Aguiar Gonçalves ◽  
Tiago Novaes Pinheiro ◽  
Gimol Benchimol De Resende Prestes ◽  
Keuly Sousa Soares ◽  
Rodrigo Ferreira De Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Case ◽  
Imaging Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Imaging

HSR19-099: Harnessing the Voice of Patients With Genetic Mutations in NSCLC Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3.5) ◽  
pp. HSR19-099
Author(s):  
Suepattra G. May ◽  
Caroline Huber ◽  
Alison R. Silverstein ◽  
Mark Linthicum ◽  
Jason Shafrin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Genetic Mutation ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Driver Mutations ◽  
Genetic Mutations ◽  
Mutation Status ◽  
Metastatic Nsclc ◽  
Patient Goals ◽  
Nsclc Patients

Background: Targeted therapies for non-small lung cancer (NSCLC) have vastly improved survival and other outcomes for patients whose tumors have genetic mutations such as ALK, BRAF, EGFR, and ROS1. Identification of genetic mutations often indicates a mutation-specific course of therapy; however, the relationship between genetic mutation status, patient treatment preferences, and other determinants of patient value in NSCLC cancer care is not well understood. Methods: Qualitative study utilizing focus groups and in-depth interviews were conducted with metastatic NSCLC patients who had received systemic therapy. Interviews explored how patients valued and prioritized factors and attributes associated with NSCLC therapy. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and coded for key themes using MAXQDA qualitative data analysis software (VERBI, GmbH). Thematic analysis identified determinants of value that patients with genetic mutations considered most important in decision-making. Results: Of 19 total participants with metastatic NSCLC (mean [SD] age, 55.8 [12.6] years; 79% female), 15 (79%) reported a known genetic mutation. Most participants valued oncogene testing and indicated that they had developed a distinct identity based on their specific mutation. Further, participants in our study with identified mutations reported facing distinctly different decisions than those without known mutations. Participants also highlighted unmet needs for diagnosis, treatment, and support tailored to their patient subgroup, including a critical need for better provider training and awareness of genetic testing and mutation-specific treatment options. Across patient subgroups, mutation-specific social media and support networks were highly valued for the care and treatment information they provide, especially among those with rare mutations, limited treatment options, or less-experienced providers. Conclusions: Our study suggests important differences among NSCLC patients based on identified genetic mutations. As treatment for NSCLC evolves, so do the needs and preferences of patients, especially those with driver mutations. Our findings highlight the need for a better understanding of how mutation status may impact patient goals and preferences in order to provide the highest value care to each patient.

INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY OF H-TERMINATED SILICON SURFACES

1993 ◽  
Vol 07 (04) ◽  
pp. 1031-1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.J. CHABAL ◽  
A.L. HARRIS ◽  
KRISHNAN RAGHAVACHARI ◽  
J.C. TULLY
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Vibrational Energy ◽  
Mass Difference ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Large Mass ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Silicon Surfaces ◽  
Structural Description ◽  
Theoretical Understanding

In this review, the present level of infrared spectroscopy at surfaces is described by using hydrogen-terminated silicon surfaces as model systems. The electronic structure of the adsorbate, H, and the large mass difference between H and Si simplify the interpretation of the data and make it possible for the theories to give reliable quantitative information. In particular, ab initio cluster calculations provide an accurate structural description and precise vibrational frequencies for various surface configurations, and are used as the basis of a priori simulations of the line shape of H on silicon. A special emphasis is given to the recent discovery of chemical etching to prepare H-terminated silicon surfaces because it has greatly helped in understanding structural and dynamical properties of H-terminated silicon surfaces. In particular, both the energy and phase relaxation of the Si-H stretching vibration on the flat, ideally hydrogen terminated Si(111) surface have been measured directly and evidence for vibrational energy diffusion has been obtained on vicinal, H-terminated Si(111) surfaces. The data and current theoretical understanding of the chemically prepared Si(111) surfaces are presented and discussed.

scholarly journals The Emerging Role of Non-Coding RNAs in Pituitary Gland Tumors and Meningioma

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 5987
Author(s):  
Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard ◽  
Atefe Abak ◽  
Bashdar Mahmud Hussen ◽  
Mohammad Taheri ◽  
Guive Sharifi
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Pituitary Tumors ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) are non-coding transcripts which are involved in the pathogenesis of pituitary gland tumors. LncRNAs that participate in the pathogenesis of pituitary gland tumors mainly serve as sponges for miRNAs. CLRN1-AS1/miR-217, XIST/miR-424-5p, H19/miR-93a, LINC00473/miR-502-3p, SNHG7/miR-449a, MEG8/miR-454-3p, MEG3/miR-23b-3p, MEG3/miR-376B-3P, SNHG6/miR-944, PCAT6/miR-139-3p, lncRNA-m433s1/miR-433, TUG1/miR-187-3p, SNHG1/miR-187-3p, SNHG1/miR-302, SNHG1/miR-372, SNHG1/miR-373, and SNHG1/miR-520 are identified lncRNA/miRNA pairs that are involved in this process. Hsa_circ_0001368 and circOMA1 are two examples of circRNAs that contribute to the pathogenesis of pituitary gland tumors. Meanwhile, SNHG1, LINC00702, LINC00460, and MEG3 have been found to partake in the pathogenesis of meningioma. In the current review, we describe the role of non-coding RNAs in two types of brain tumors, i.e., pituitary tumors and meningioma.

scholarly journals STMO-06 SMART CYBER OPERATING THEATER REALIZED BY INTERNET OF THINGS - RESULTS OF CLINICAL STUDY FOR 56 CASES

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii19-ii19
Author(s):  
Muragaki Yoshihiro ◽  
Jun Okamoto ◽  
Taiichi Saito ◽  
Satoshi Usui ◽  
Ushio Yonezawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Tumor Resection ◽  
Pituitary Tumors ◽  
Residual Tumor ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Operating Theater ◽  
First Case

Abstract PURPOSE Unlike conventional operating rooms that provide a sterilized space, we have developed a Smart Cyber Operating Theater (SCOT) in which the room itself performs treatment as a single medical device. We report the clinical results of 3 types of SCOT. METHODS Basic SCOT packaged with intraoperative MRI (0.4Tesla) was introduced in Hiroshima University in 2016. Standard SCOT networked with middleware OPeLiNK was introduced to Shinshu University in 2018, and Hyper SCOT introduced to Tokyo Women’s Medical University in 2019. RESULTS The average of all 56 patients was 44 years old. There were 38 brain tumors (68%), 11 functional diseases (19%), and 7 orthopedic diseases (13%). Basic SCOT is used for 41 cases (/56; 73%) with 22 gliomas, 10 epilepsies, 7 bone tumors, and 2 benign brain tumors. Standard SCOT with 20 networked devices is used for 14 cases (/56; 25%) with 6 gliomas including brain stem and thalamus, 6 pituitary tumors and 2 benign brain tumors. The strategy desk can display a variety of digital data synchronized in time, and the review and comment functions also operate. It is useful for remote advice through mutual communication via strategy desk. Hyper SCOT was used in February 2019 for the first case (1/56 cases; 2%). MRI images were taken with an average of 1.3 shots with good image quality. For 46/56 neoplastic lesions (82%), additional removal of residual tumor was performed in 31/46 cases (67%), and 26/46 cases (57%) were totally removed, with an average removal rate of 89.2%. There was no reoperation (0%) within 1 month in all cases. CONCLUSIONS Three types of SCOT contributed to planned surgical outcome including maximal tumor resection without serious related complications. We will proceed with verification of clinical effects, and develop robotized devices, and utilize AI for strategy desk at Hyper SCOT.

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