Trends in Development of Novel Machine Learning Methods for the Identification of Gliomas in Datasets That Include Non-Glioma Images: A Systematic Review

PurposeMachine learning has been applied to the diagnostic imaging of gliomas to augment classification, prognostication, segmentation, and treatment planning. A systematic literature review was performed to identify how machine learning has been applied to identify gliomas in datasets which include non-glioma images thereby simulating normal clinical practice.Materials and MethodsFour databases were searched by a medical librarian and confirmed by a second librarian for all articles published prior to February 1, 2021: Ovid Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, Cochrane trials (CENTRAL), and Web of Science-Core Collection. The search strategy included both keywords and controlled vocabulary combining the terms for: artificial intelligence, machine learning, deep learning, radiomics, magnetic resonance imaging, glioma, as well as related terms. The review was conducted in stepwise fashion with abstract screening, full text screening, and data extraction. Quality of reporting was assessed using TRIPOD criteria.ResultsA total of 11,727 candidate articles were identified, of which 12 articles were included in the final analysis. Studies investigated the differentiation of normal from abnormal images in datasets which include gliomas (7 articles) and the differentiation of glioma images from non-glioma or normal images (5 articles). Single institution datasets were most common (5 articles) followed by BRATS (3 articles). The median sample size was 280 patients. Algorithm testing strategies consisted of five-fold cross validation (5 articles), and the use of exclusive sets of images within the same dataset for training and for testing (7 articles). Neural networks were the most common type of algorithm (10 articles). The accuracy of algorithms ranged from 0.75 to 1.00 (median 0.96, 10 articles). Quality of reporting assessment utilizing TRIPOD criteria yielded a mean individual TRIPOD ratio of 0.50 (standard deviation 0.14, range 0.37 to 0.85).ConclusionSystematic review investigating the identification of gliomas in datasets which include non-glioma images demonstrated multiple limitations hindering the application of these algorithms to clinical practice. These included limited datasets, a lack of generalizable algorithm training and testing strategies, and poor quality of reporting. The development of more robust and heterogeneous datasets is needed for algorithm development. Future studies would benefit from using external datasets for algorithm testing as well as placing increased attention on quality of reporting standards.Systematic Review Registrationwww.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020209938, International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO 2020 CRD42020209938).

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Quick and dirty? A systematic review of the use of rapid ethnographies in healthcare organisation and delivery

BMJ Quality & Safety ◽

10.1136/bmjqs-2017-007226 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 321-330 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Cecilia Vindrola-Padros ◽

Bruno Vindrola-Padros

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Service Use ◽

Field Research ◽

Poor Quality ◽

Healthcare Sector ◽

Healthcare Organisation ◽

Policy And Practice ◽

Quality Of Reporting ◽

Meta Analyses

BackgroundThe ability to capture the complexities of healthcare practices and the quick turnaround of findings make rapid ethnographies appealing to the healthcare sector, where changing organisational climates and priorities require actionable findings at strategic time points. Despite methodological advancement, there continue to be challenges in the implementation of rapid ethnographies concerning sampling, the interpretation of findings and management of field research. The purpose of this review was to explore the benefits and challenges of using rapid ethnographies to inform healthcare organisation and delivery and identify areas that require improvement.MethodsThis was a systematic review of the literature using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. We used the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool to assess the quality of the articles. We developed the search strategy using the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes, Settingframework and searched for peer-reviewed articles in MEDLINE, CINAHL PLUS, Web of Science and ProQuest Central. We included articles that reported findings from rapid ethnographies in healthcare contexts or addressing issues related to health service use.Results26 articles were included in the review. We found an increase in the use of rapid ethnographies in the last 2‰years. We found variability in terminology and developed a typology to clarify conceptual differences. The studies generated findings that could be used to inform policy and practice. The main limitations of the studies were: the poor quality of reporting of study designs, mainly data analysis methods, and lack of reflexivity.ConclusionsRapid ethnographies have the potential to generate findings that can inform changes in healthcare practices in a timely manner, but greater attention needs to be paid to the reflexive interpretation of findings and the description of research methods.Trial registration numberCRD42017065874.

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Current Status and Quality of Machine Learning-Based Radiomics Studies for Glioma Grading: A Systematic Review

Oncology ◽

10.1159/000515597 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Mohsen Tabatabaei ◽

Ali Razaei ◽

Amir Hossein Sarrami ◽

Zahra Saadatpour ◽

Aparna Singhal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Systematic Review ◽

External Validation ◽

Class Imbalance ◽

Final Analysis ◽

Current Status ◽

Maximum Score ◽

Glioma Grading ◽

Minimum Score

Introduction: Radiomics now has significant momentum in the era of precision medicine. Glioma is one of the pathologies that has been extensively evaluated by radiomics. However, this technique has not been incorporated into clinical practice. In this systematic review, we selected and reviewed the published studies about glioma grading by radiomics to evaluate this technique’s feasibility and its challenges. Material and Methods: Using seven different search strings, we considered all published English manuscripts from 2015 to September 2020 in PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases. After implementing the exclusion and inclusion criteria, the final papers were selected for the methodological quality assessment based on our in-house Modified Radiomics Standard Scoring (RQS) containing 43 items (minimum score of 0, maximum score of 44). Finally, we offered our opinion about the challenges and weaknesses of the selected papers. Results: By our search, 1,177 manuscripts were found (485 in PubMed, 343 in Embase, and 349 in Scopus). After the implementation of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 18 papers remained for the final analysis by RQS. The total RQS score ranged from 26 (59% of maximum possible score) to 43 (97% of maximum possible score) with a mean of 33.5 (76% of maximum possible score). Conclusion: The current studies are promising but very heterogeneous in design with high variation in the radiomics software, the number of extracted features, the number of selected features, and machine learning models. All of the studies were retrospective in design; many are based on small datasets and/or suffer from class imbalance and lack of external validation datasets.

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Poor Quality of Reporting Confounding Bias in Observational Intervention Studies: A Systematic Review

Annals of Epidemiology ◽

10.1016/j.annepidem.2008.05.007 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 18 (10) ◽

pp. 746-751 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Rolf H.H. Groenwold ◽

Anna M.M. Van Deursen ◽

Arno W. Hoes ◽

Eelko Hak

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Intervention Studies ◽

Poor Quality ◽

Quality Of Reporting ◽

Confounding Bias

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Effectiveness of orofacial myofunctional therapy in orthodontic patients: A systematic review

Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1590/2176-9451.19.4.094-099.oar ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 94-99 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Márcio Alexandre Homem ◽

Raquel Gonçalves Vieira-Andrade ◽

Saulo Gabriel Moreira Falci ◽

Maria Letícia Ramos-Jorge ◽

Leandro Silva Marques

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Scientific Evidence ◽

Final Analysis ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Myofunctional Therapy ◽

Present Systematic Review

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present systematic review was to determine the existence of scientific evidence demonstrating the effectiveness of orofacial myofunctional therapy (OMT) as an adjuvant to orthodontic treatment in individuals with orofacial disorders. A further aim was to assess the methodological quality of the studies included in the review. METHODS: An electronic search was performed in eight databases (Medline, BBO, LILACS, Web of Science, EMBASE, BIREME, Cochrane Library and SciELO) for papers published between January 1965 and March 2011, with no language restrictions. Selection of articles and data extraction were performed by two independent researchers. The quality of the selected articles was also assessed. RESULTS: Search strategy resulted in the retrieval of 355 publications, only four of which fulfilled the eligibility criteria and qualified for final analysis. All papers selected had a high risk of bias. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of the present systematic review demonstrate the scarcity of consistent studies and scientific evidence supporting the use of OMT in combination with orthodontic treatment to achieve better results in the correction of dentofacial disorders in individuals with orofacial abnormalities.

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Intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor in diabetic macular oedema: scoping review of clinical practice guidelines recommendations

British Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1136/bjophthalmol-2021-319504 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. bjophthalmol-2021-319504

Author(s):

Manuel Vargas-Peirano ◽

Catalina Verdejo ◽

Laura Vergara-Merino ◽

Cristóbal Loézar ◽

Martin Hoehmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Practice ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Diabetic Macular Oedema ◽

Poor Quality ◽

Quality Of Reporting ◽

Agree Ii ◽

Anti Vegf ◽

Antivascular Endothelial Growth Factor ◽

Endothelial Growth Factor

BackgroundDiabetic macular oedema (DME) is a worldwide major cause of low vision and blindness. Intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) constitutes an effective treatment. Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) are synthesis documents that seek to improve patient care.ObjectivesTo identify CPGs that make anti-VEGF recommendations for DME and to assess their reporting quality and their considerations when making recommendations.Eligibility criteriaCPGs published between December 2009 and December 2019 that make explicit anti-VEGF recommendations in DME.Sources of evidenceSensitive search strategy in Embase, Google Scholar and hand-searching on 165 websites.MethodsWe extracted information from each CPG with a previously piloted sheet. Two independent authors applied theAppraisal of Guidelines, Research and Evaluation tool (AGREE-II) assessment for each CPG.ResultsThe 21 included CPGs recommend anti-VEGF for DME, but there is a wide variation among the clinical aspects included, such as location of DME, visual acuity required, therapeutical alternatives or discontinuation. Most have a poor quality of reporting based on the AGREE-II tool assessment, especially those developed by ophthalmological societies, those that have an exclusive content about DME, and those where most of their authors disclose conflict of interest (COI) with pharmaceutical industry or where their authors did not report COIs. Pharmaceutical-sponsored CPGs did not use systematic reviews (SRs) to support their recommendations. Very few recommendations consider patient values and preferences, equity, acceptability and feasibility of the intervention.ConclusionsMost of the CPGs that made recommendations of anti-VEGF for DME have poor quality of reporting, do not use SRs and do not consider patients’ values and preferences.

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Pharmacogenetic testing for adverse drug reaction prevention: systematic review of economic evaluations and the appraisal of quality matters for clinical practice and implementation

BMC Health Services Research ◽

10.1186/s12913-021-07025-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Saowalak Turongkaravee ◽

Jiraphun Jittikoon ◽

Onwipa Rochanathimoke ◽

Kathleen Boyd ◽

Olivia Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Clinical Practice ◽

Economic Evaluation ◽

Cost Effectiveness ◽

Clinical Effectiveness ◽

Economic Evaluations ◽

Quality Of Reporting ◽

Pharmacogenetic Testing ◽

Hierarchy Of Evidence

Abstract Background Genetic testing has potential roles in identifying whether an individual would have risk of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) from a particular medicine. Robust cost-effectiveness results on genetic testing would be useful for clinical practice and policy decision-making on allocating resources effectively. This study aimed to update a systematic review on economic evaluations of pharmacogenetic testing to prevent ADRs and critically appraise the quality of reporting and sources of evidence for model input parameters. Methods We searched studies through Medline via PubMed, Scopus and CRD’s NHS Economic Evaluation up to October 2019. Studies investigating polymorphism-based pharmacogenetic testing, which guided drug therapies to prevent ADRs, using economic evaluation methods were included. Two reviewers independently performed data extraction and assessed the quality of reporting using the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) guidelines and the quality of data sources using the hierarchy of evidence developed by Cooper et al. Results Fifty-nine economic evaluations of pharmacogenetic testing to avoid drug-induced ADRs were found between 2002 and 2018. Cost-utility and cost-effectiveness analyses were the most common methods of economic evaluation of pharmacogenetic testing. Most studies complied with the CHEERS checklist, except for single study-based economic evaluations which did not report uncertainty analysis (78%). There was a lack of high-quality evidence not only for estimating the clinical effectiveness of pharmacogenetic testing, but also baseline clinical data. About 14% of the studies obtained clinical effectiveness data of testing from a meta-analysis of case-control studies with direct comparison, which was not listed in the hierarchy of evidence used. Conclusions Our review suggested that future single study-based economic evaluations of pharmacogenetic testing should report uncertainty analysis, as this could significantly affect the robustness of economic evaluation results. A specific ranking system for the quality of evidence is needed for the economic evaluation of pharmacogenetic testing of ADRs. Differences in parameters, methods and outcomes across studies, as well as population-level and system-level differences, may lead to the difficulty of comparing cost-effectiveness results across countries.

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Effectiveness of Antalgic Therapies in Patients with Vertebral Bone Metastasis: A Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18083991 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (8) ◽

pp. 3991

Author(s):

Antonio Jose Martin-Perez ◽

María Fernández-González ◽

Paula Postigo-Martin ◽

Marc Sampedro Pilegaard ◽

Carolina Fernández-Lao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Bone Metastasis ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Risk Of Bias ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Pharmacological Intervention ◽

Vertebral Metastasis ◽

Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials

There is no systematic review that has identified existing studies evaluating the pharmacological and non-pharmacological intervention for pain management in patients with bone metastasis. To fill this gap in the literature, this systematic review with meta-analysis aims to evaluate the effectiveness of different antalgic therapies (pharmacological and non-pharmacological) in the improvement of pain of these patients. To this end, this protocol has been written according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) and registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020135762). A systematic search will be carried out in four international databases: Medline (Via PubMed), Web of Science, Cochrane Library and SCOPUS, to select the randomized controlled clinical trials. The Risk of Bias Tool developed by Cochrane will be used to assess the risk of bias and the quality of the identified studies. A narrative synthesis will be used to describe and compare the studies, and after the data extraction, random effects model and a subgroup analyses will be performed according to the type of intervention, if possible. This protocol aims to generate a systematic review that compiles and synthesizes the best and most recent evidence on the treatment of pain derived from vertebral metastasis.

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The quality of intervention reporting in trials of therapeutic exercise for hip osteoarthritis: a secondary analysis of a systematic review

Trials ◽

10.1186/s13063-021-05342-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Louise C. Burgess ◽

Thomas W. Wainwright ◽

Khara A. James ◽

Johan von Heideken ◽

Maura D. Iversen

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Secondary Analysis ◽

Internal Validity ◽

Hip Osteoarthritis ◽

Therapeutic Exercise ◽

Quality Of Reporting ◽

Effective Interventions ◽

Randomised Controlled ◽

Intervention Reporting

Abstract Background Therapeutic exercise is recommended as a core treatment for hip osteoarthritis (HOA). Whilst it is widely accepted that exercise can improve pain and disability, optimal type and dose of exercise are yet to be agreed upon. This may, in part, be attributed to the wide variation and inadequate reporting of interventions within the literature. This study evaluates the quality of intervention reporting among trials of therapeutic exercise in HOA. Methods Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were sourced in a systematic review, completed in August 2020. Two raters independently used the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) and Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template (CERT) to evaluate intervention reporting. Correlations between quality assessment scores and CERT and TIDieR scores evaluated the relationship between internal validity and external applicability. The year of publication was compared to the quality of reporting scores. Results Fourteen RCTs were included in the analysis. On average, studies were awarded 9.43 ± 1.95 out of 12 points for the TIDieR checklist (range 4–12) and 13.57 ± 4.01 out of 19 points for the CERT (range 5–19). Pearson’s correlation coefficient suggested that the quality of reporting had improved over time and that there was a fair, positive relationship between internal validity and external applicability. Discussion Whilst the quality of intervention reporting is improving, many RCTs of therapeutic exercise in HOA lack the detail necessary to allow accurate evaluation and replication. Researchers are encouraged to utilise the standardised reporting guidelines to increase the translation of effective interventions into clinical practice.

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Mini-Implant-Retained Overdentures for the Rehabilitation of Completely Edentulous Maxillae: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18084377 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (8) ◽

pp. 4377

Author(s):

Serena Vi ◽

Damon Pham ◽

Yu Yian Marina Du ◽

Himanshu Arora ◽

Santosh Kumar Tadakamadla

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Survival Rate ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

Implant Survival ◽

Patient Reported ◽

Full Text Review

Purpose: Mini-dental implants (MDIs) have been used to support and retain overdentures, providing patients with a less invasive placement procedure. Although lucrative, the use of MDIs to retain a maxillary overdenture is still not an established treatment modality. This systematic review aims to answer the question: Do mini-implant-retained maxillary overdentures provide a satisfactory treatment outcome for complete edentulism? Methods: A systematic search for relevant articles was conducted to include articles published until April 2021 in the following electronic databases: CINAHL, Cochrane, EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of Science. All empirical studies evaluating the biological, survival, or patient-reported outcomes after placing mini-implant-retained overdentures in maxilla were considered for inclusion. The risk of bias was assessed by utilizing the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist. Study screening and data extraction were conducted by three reviewers independently. Results: The electronic search retrieved 1276 titles after omitting duplicates. Twenty articles were considered for full-text review, of which six studies were included in this systematic review. The included studies evaluated a total of 173 participants with a mean age of 66.3 years. The overall mini-implant survival rate was 77.1% (95% CI: 64.7–89.5%) with a mean follow-up time of 1.79 years (range: 6 months to 3 years). Implant survival differed significantly when comparing complete and partial palatal coverage overdentures. Those with complete palatal coverage exhibited less bone loss overall compared to partial coverage overdentures. Participants of all studies reported an increase in the quality of life and in satisfaction after rehabilitation treatment with MDIs. Conclusions: The survival rate of mini-implants retaining an overdenture in the maxilla was observed to be lower than the values reported for traditional implants in the literature. Improvements were observed in all aspects in terms of patient satisfaction, quality of life, oromyofunction, and articulation after the treatment.

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