Bioinspired Membrane-Coated Nanoplatform for Targeted Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy can effectively activate the immune system and reshape the tumor immune microenvironment, which has been an alternative method in cancer therapy besides surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. However, the current clinical outcomes are not satisfied due to the lack of targeting of the treatment with some unexpected damages to the human body. Recently, cell membrane-based bioinspired nanoparticles for tumor immunotherapy have attracted much attention because of their superior immune regulating, drug delivery, excellent tumor targeting, and biocompatibility. Together, the article reviews the recent progress of cell membrane-based bioinspired nanoparticles for immunotherapy in cancer treatment. We also evaluate the prospect of bioinspired nanoparticles in immunotherapy for cancer. This strategy may open up new research directions for cancer therapy.

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Construction of biomimetic-responsive nanocarriers and their applications in tumor targeting

Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1871520622666220106105315 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

Author(s):

Xuexia Tian ◽

Anhua Shi ◽

Junzi Wu

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Immune System ◽

Cancer Therapy ◽

Cell Membrane ◽

Tumor Targeting ◽

Cell Membranes ◽

Drug Loading ◽

Hybrid Cell ◽

Tumor Treatment ◽

Wide Range

Backgroud: At present, the tumor is still the leading cause of death. Biomimetic nanocarriers for precision cancer therapy are attracting increasing attention. Nanocarriers with a good biocompatible surface could reduce the recognition and elimination of nanoparticles as foreign substances by the immune system, offer specific targeting, and improve the efficacy of precision medicine for tumors, thereby providing outstanding prospects for application in cancer therapy. In particular, cell membrane biomimetic camouflaged nanocarriers have become a research hotspot because of their excellent biocompatibility, prolonged circulation in the blood, and tumor targeting. Objective: To summarize the biological targeting mechanisms of different cell membrane-encapsulated nanocarriers in cancer therapy. In this article, the characteristics, application, and stage of progress of bionic encapsulated nanocarriers for different cell membranes are discussed, as are the field’s developmental prospects. Method: The findings on the characteristics of bionic encapsulated nanocarriers for different cell membranes and tumor treatment have been analyzed and summarized. Results: Biomimetic nanosystems based on various natural cell and hybrid cell membranes have been shown to efficiently control targeted drug delivery systems. They can reduce immune system clearance, prolong blood circulation time, and improve drug loading and targeting, thereby enhancing the diagnosis and treatment of tumors and reducing the spread of CTCs. Conclusion: ：With advances in the development of biomimetic nanocarrier DDSs, novel ideas for tumor treatment and drug delivery have been developed. However, there are still some problems in biomimetic nanosystems. Therefore, it needs to be optimized through further research, from the laboratory to the clinic for the benefit of a wide range of patients.

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Alteration in the immune microenvironment based on APC status in MSS/pMMR colon cancer data retrieved from TCGA

10.21203/rs.3.rs-56379/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Haishan Lin ◽

Hongchao Zhen ◽

Kun Shan ◽

Xiaoting Ma ◽

Bangwei Cao

Keyword(s):

Colon Cancer ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Enrichment Analysis ◽

Tumor Immunotherapy ◽

Immune Checkpoints ◽

Immune Microenvironment ◽

Cancer Data ◽

T Cell Infiltration ◽

Colon Cancers ◽

Tumor Immune Microenvironment

Abstract Immunotherapy is currently the most advanced anti-tumor treatment approach. The efficacy of anti-tumor immunotherapy is closely related to the tumor immune microenvironment, including immune cells, infiltration of immune factors, and expression of immune checkpoints. At present, the biomarkers for predicting the efficacy of colon cancer immunotherapy do not cover all colon cancer patients suitable for immunotherapy. In this study, TCGA database was used to identify tumor genotypes suitable for anti-tumor immunotherapy. We found that some of the MSS/pMMR populations, that were initially considered unsuitable for immunotherapy, might actually be suitable. In APC-wt/MSS colon cancer, the expression of PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA4 and CYT（GZMA and PRF1）were increased. Based on calculations done by ESTIMATE and CIBERSORT algorithms, the ImmunoScore and the proportion of CT8+ T cell infiltration is increased in these patients. Enrichment analysis was done to screen signaling pathways involved in immune response, extracellular matrix, and cell adhesion. Tumors from 42 colon cancer patients, including 22 APC-mt/MSS and 20 APC-wt/MSS, were immunohistochemically evaluated for expression of CD8 and PD-L1. And APC-wt/MSS tumors showed significantly higher expression of CD8 and PD-L1 than APC-mt/MSS tumor. Based on the results, we found that some colon cancers of APC-wt/MSS are classified by Tumor Immune Microenvironment types (TIMTs) TMIT I. So that we speculate that APC-wt/MSS colon cancer patients could benefit from anti-tumor immunotherapy.

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