scholarly journals The Effect of Optimized Ultrafiltration on Perioperative Pulmonary Function During Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Infants Under 10 kg

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianhong Niu ◽  
Guangdi Zhai ◽  
Aibin Zheng ◽  
Juanying Zhou ◽  
Shengqi Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Blood Gas Analysis ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Combination Method ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective: This study aims to investigate the effect of optimized ultrafiltration on perioperative electrolytes, acid–base balance, and pulmonary function during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in infants with low body weight (under 10 kg), using traditional balanced ultrafiltration and modified ultrafiltration.Methods: A total of 30 children who underwent surgical correction for congenital heart disease in Changzhou Children's Hospital between January 2018 and December 2019 were randomly divided into two groups. In the treatment group, ultrafiltration pre-treatment was carried out with blood-containing priming fluid prior to CPB. Balanced ultrafiltration was performed during the operation, and optimized and modified ultrafiltration were conducted before closing and extubation. In the control group, traditional balanced ultrafiltration was used during the operation, and a modified ultrafiltration combination was used before closing and extubation. Indexes such as blood gas analysis and electrolytes were measured perioperatively, and pulmonary function was observed.Results: No deaths were reported in either group. The ventilator-assisted breathing time was shorter in the treatment group than in the control group (P < 0.05). The indexes of the treatment group were closer than those of the control group to the optimal physiological values. The concentrations of potassium ion (K+), lactate (Lac), and blood glucose (Glu) decreased, and there was significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05) at the end of CPB. Hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (HCT) in the treatment group increased (P < 0.01). Alveolar-arterial differences for oxygen (A-aDO2) and respiratory index (RI) increased significantly in both groups after operation. Children in the treatment group began to recover lung function earlier than children in the control group. Both A-aDO2 and RI were lower in the treatment group than in the control group at each time point after operation (P < 0.05).Conclusion: Optimizing and modifying the traditional ultrafiltration combination method can effectively shorten the ultrafiltration time, reduce the adverse impacts of the ultrafiltration technique, and improve the lung function of infants after operation.

Clinical Analysis of Qinglongdingchuan Decoction on Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1357-1364
Author(s):  
Xiujiang Wang ◽  
Bo Yang ◽  
Rui Shi ◽  
Lixiu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Blood Gas Analysis ◽  
Effective Rate ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Observation Group ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Objective To explore the clinical effect of QinglongDingchuan Decoction on patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) and analyze its mechanism. Methods From June 2017 to June 2019, patients with AECOPD were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group according to the time sequence of treatment, 40 cases in each group were observed. Control group: conventional western medicine treatment (controlled oxygen therapy, antibiotics, expectorants, bronchodilators, etc.), observation group: QinglongDingchuan decoction. 6 days is a course of observation. The routine pulmonary function, blood gas analysis, serum inflammatory factors, clinical symptoms and signs were observed. Results The observation group was superior to the control group in clinical control rate and effective rate (P < 0.05), suggesting that the treatment group was superior to the control group in overall effective rate. There were differences in symptoms, physical signs and total symptom scores between the two groups before and after treatment. The improvement of serum inflammatory factors in the treatment group was better than that in the control group. The improvement of PaC02 and Pa02 in the treatment group was better than that in the control group. Conclusion QinglongDingchuan decoction can better improve the clinical symptoms, physical signs, blood gas analysis indicators, improve the overall efficiency, and has a better effect on patients with fever AECOPD.

scholarly journals Influence of dexamethasone and surfactant in the vitality and lung function of preterm lambs born by cesarean section

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-52
Author(s):  
F. Bovino ◽  
D.S. Denadai ◽  
L.G. Ávila ◽  
M. Deschk ◽  
P.S.P. Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Blood Gas Analysis ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
High Pco2 ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Impaired Pulmonary Function

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to assess the vitality and lung function of preterm lambs. Twenty seven preterm lambs were divided in four groups. Group I (n=6) preterm lambs/ control; group II (n=9) lambs born to mothers that were treated with dexamethasone antepartum; group III (n=6) lambs treated with surfactant; and group IV (n=6) lambs treated with surfactant and born to mothers that were treated with dexamethasone antepartum. The APGAR score was performed after birth (T0) and 15 minutes later (T1/4) to assess vitality. The vital signs, blood gas analysis, spirometry and capnometry were assessed immediately after birth and continued until 48 hours. Chest radiographs were performed at T0, T24 and T48. Significant rectal temperature interactions occurred at T1 and T6 depending on the type of treatment used. All animals showed low pH values, which were associated with high pCO2 values and HCO3 -values that increased over time from immediately after birth to two days of age. Higher tidal volume values were observed at T1/4, T1 and T24 when the animals were not treated with surfactant. Capnometry showed significant interactions between treatments at T0. Premature animals showed low vitality and impaired pulmonary function.

scholarly journals Nephrolepis exaltata Herbal Mask Increases Nasal IgA Levels and Pulmonary Function in Textile Factory Workers

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Awal Prasetyo ◽  
Arindra Adi Rahardja ◽  
Dhiva Tsuroya Azzahro ◽  
Ika Pawitra Miranti ◽  
Indah Saraswati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Textile Workers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
History Of

Background. Chronic occupational exposure in textile workers lowers the pulmonary function and levels of sinonasal IgA. A Nephrolepis exaltata herbal mask can protect the respiratory tract. This study aims to understand the effect of this herbal mask on the IgA levels and pulmonary function in textile workers. Thirty employees were selected for this study. Methods. The pre- and post-test randomized experimental control trials were conducted in a garment industry of Bawen, Semarang, Indonesia. The subjects that qualified to participate (n = 30) fulfilled the inclusion criteria i.e., 20–35 years old, healthy, and willing to be a research subject; and exclusion criteria i.e., having history of alcohol consumption, smoking, history of liver disease, autoimmune disease, cancer, pulmonary and heart disease and/or being pregnant. The subjects were then divided randomly into control group (n = 15), who used regular mask that was rewashed and changed every month for eight weeks, and treatment group (n = 15), who used Nephrolepis exaltata mask that was changed every two days for eight weeks. Pulmonary function tests were carried out using MIR Spirolab III before and after the experiment. IgA levels were measured by nasal wash method using ELISA. Results. IgA levels of the treatment group before and after usage of mask were significantly different (p<0.001) compared to the control group. There were significant difference in FVC of the control group, but no significant difference was observed for FEV1 (p=0.507) and PEF (p=0.001). In the treatment group, all three parameters showed significant differences [FVC (p=0.038), FEV1 (p=0.004), and PEF (p=0.001)]. The means of ΔFVC, ΔFEV1, and ΔPEF were significantly (p<0.05) higher in the treatment group with OR = 5.1 for higher IgA levels. Conclusions. The herbal mask is better in increasing IgA and improving the pulmonary function compared to the regular mask.

Effects on Lung Function in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Surgery on versus off Cardiopulmonary Bypass: A Randomized Trial

2005 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
Gunaratnam Niranjann ◽  
George Asimakopoulos ◽  
Brendan Madden ◽  
Gillian Cockerill ◽  
Matthew Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Coronary Artery Surgery ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Diffusion Studies ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background Coronary revascularization is associated with respiratory dysfunction and poor gas exchange postoperatively. Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) has been implicated as a possible explanation for this phenomenon. This study investigated respiratory function in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) on-CPB versus off-CPB to determine whether the off-CPB condition results in improved postoperative pulmonary function. Methods Forty patients were randomized into 1 of 2 groups: CABG on-CPB (group A) or off-CPB (group B). Pulmonary function tests, including spirometry and diffusion studies, were performed preoperatively and on postoperative day 5. Arterial blood gases on 100% oxygen were taken preoperatively (TP1), 15 minutes after sternal closure (TP2), and 3 hours postoperatively (TP3). Results The arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) on FiO2 1.0 decreased from 59.5 ± 11.5 kPa and 55.7 ± 12.2 kPaat TP1 to 39.5 ± 16 kPa and 39.7 ± 13 kPa at TP2 in groups A and B, respectively (P < 0.001), with no significant difference between groups. At TP3, the PaO2 partially recovered toward preoperative levels (P < 0.05). Spirometry revealed a significant reduction in FEV1 and FVC on the fifth postoperative day (P < 0.001), with no significant difference between groups. The corrected transfer factor for carbon monoxide reduced significantly in group A from 7.9 ± 2.5 mmolmin–1 · kPa–1 preoperatively to 5.1 ± 1.6 mmolmin–1 · kPa–1 postoperatively (P < 0.05). This reduction was not seen in group B. Conclusions Coronary artery surgery is associated with a marked reduction in lung function as measured by pulmonary function tests and PaO2. Diffusion studies revealed that on-CPB patients had significantly reduced diffusion capacities postoperatively compared with patients in the off-CPB group.

Respiratory Muscle Strength and its use in COVID-19 pandemic: Role of Lung Function tests (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Anita Agrawal ◽  
Vivek Nalgilkar
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Muscle ◽  
Blood Gas Analysis ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Arterial Blood Gas ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Arterial Blood Gas Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference

BACKGROUND There is a concern that pulmonary function testing could represent a potential way for COVID 19 transmission due to the congregation of patients with lung disease and because of the potential for coughing and droplet formation surrounding pulmonary function testing procedures There remain many unknowns facts about the possibility of transmission and the data are in evolution; however, the risks of transmission may be significant, and likely to vary based on the prevalence of the virus in the community and the age and severity of lung disease. Pulmonary functions routinely used for screening the COVID 19 patients are pulse oximeter and arterial blood gas analysis techniques. In addition to these two, the impaired respiratory muscle performance can also be tested. It is an underappreciated factor contributing to poor outcomes unfolding during the coronavirus pandemic. While impaired respiratory muscle performance is considered to be rare, it is more frequently encountered in patients with poorer health. The primary aim of this study is to discuss the potential role of respiratory muscle performance from the perspective of the coronavirus pandemic. We have done studies on COPD patients where the impaired respiratory muscle performance is reduced and when we compare that with control group, we realize that this is a good test to identify for COVID 19 patients. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this paper is to discuss the potential role of testing respiratory muscle performance. It can be utilised for screening large population during COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS This work was done at a Premier Medical Institute of Mumbai, which is a tertiary care centre catering to a large number of patients from all over Mumbai and also other parts of the state of Maharashtra. After proper diagnosis from the Chest Physician and labelled as COPD patient, the MIP measurements was conducted. Spirometry was done during the routine procedure. RESULTS In total, 90 subjects with a mean age of 60.3 ± 14.76 years and percentage of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) of 89.67+9.92 L were recruited. MIP was significantly higher in control group than COPD. (z=-12.5). The analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed significant difference for maximal inspiratory pressure (p=0.003) between different stages of COPD. The MIP results showed that there was a statistically significant difference between mild and very severe (p=0.0019) as well as between moderate and very severe (p=0.002). The MIP results showed that there was a statistically significant difference between mild and very severe (p=0.0019) as well as between moderate and very severe (p=0.002). A significant positive correlation among maximal static pressure and FEV1 % (r= 0.5) was also observed. MIP thus is an effective technique to measure reduced performance of respiratory muscle strength. CONCLUSIONS In addition to pulse oximeter and arterial blood gas analysis, MIP can be the test of choice to test the impaired respiratory muscle performance in COVID 19 patients. Screening for respiratory muscle impairment in patients with dyspnea or characteristics associated increased risk of severe respiratory complication due to viral infection may be advantageous.

scholarly journals Tiotropium Bromide Attenuates Mucus Hypersecretion in Patients with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Suyun Yu ◽  
Caili Zhang ◽  
Zhijun Yan ◽  
Qingqing Fang ◽  
Xiwen Gao
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Tiotropium Bromide ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Mucus Hypersecretion ◽  
Acid Glycoprotein

Background. Patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have been observed to benefit from tiotropium bromide. However, there are few studies of tiotropium bromide on sputum and sputum viscosity. To evaluate the effect of tiotropium bromide on mucus hypersecretion, a randomized, double-blind controlled trial was performed. Methods. 120 cases of patients with pulmonary function grade II were divided into two groups, which include the treatment group given tiotropium bromide powder inhalation (18 μg, inhalation, QD) and the control group given formoterol fumarate powder inhalation (12 μg, inhalation, BID) plus ambroxol hydrochloride tablets (60 mg, oral, TID). After 3 months of treatment, the pulmonary function and α1-acid glycoprotein (α1-AGP) in sputum were detected, and the changes of glycoprotein and Ca2+ content were evaluated by Miller classification. Results. Three patients (2 cases in the treatment group and 1 case in the control group) were dropped due to loss of follow-up, and 117 cases of patients were enrolled in this study. After 3 months of treatment, the sputum character score, α1-acid glycoprotein, Ca2+ content, and lung function of the two groups were significantly improved; group comparison analyses revealed that there was no significant difference in the content of α1-AGP, Ca2+ in sputum, and lung function between the two groups ( P > 0.05 ), but the improvement of sputum properties was significant ( P < 0.05 ), and the treatment group was better than the control group ( t = − 2.77 ; P = 0.007 ). Conclusions. Inhaled tiotropium bromide can effectively inhibit the mucus hypersecretion in stable COPD patients, improve the sputum properties and lung function of patients, and improve the quality of life of patients.

scholarly journals Blood Gas Analysis in Neonatal Tetanus

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 44-7
Author(s):  
Taslim S. Soetomenggolo ◽  
Dwi Putro Widodo ◽  
Jimmy Passat ◽  
Sofyan Ismael
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
Blood Gas Analysis ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Neonatal Tetanus ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Arterial Blood Gas ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Significant Difference

We reviewed the results of arterial blood gas analysis in 127 patients with neonatal tetanus on admission, and in 52 of such patients on the day before they died. All patients were hospitalized at the Department of Child Health, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta. On admission, most patients showed uncompensated metabolic acidosis. The mortality of patients wjth pH ofless than 7 was 100%. There was no significant difference between the mortality of patients with pH 7.35-7.45 and those with pH of less than 7.35. Analysis of acid-base balance indicated that ventilatory fw1ure was the most common finding in 52 patients who subsequently died. We recommend using intravenous fluid containing a combination of 5% dextrose and sodium bicarbonate with 4 : 1 (vol/vol) ratio from the fust day of hospitalization to reduce the possibility of the development of ongoing metabolic acidosis in patients with neonatal tetanus. Maintaining adequate ventilation is mandatory ln such patients.

Efficacy of Near-Infrared Spectrometry for Monitoring the Cerebral Effects of Severe Dilutional Anemia

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arıtürk Cem ◽  
Ustalar Serpil ◽  
Toraman Fevzi ◽  
Ökten Murat ◽  
Güllü Ümit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Bypass Graft ◽  
Blood Gas Analysis ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Near Infrared Spectrometry

<p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Clear guidelines for red cell transfusion during cardiac surgery have not yet been established. The current focus on blood conservation during cardiac surgery has increased the urgency to determine the minimum safe hematocrit for these patients. The aim of this study was to determine whether monitoring of cerebral regional oxygen saturation (rSO<sub>2</sub>) via near-infrared spectrometry (NIRS) is effective for assessing the cerebral effects of severe dilutional anemia during elective coronary arterial bypass graft surgery (CABG).</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> The prospective observational study involved patients who underwent cerebral rSO<sub>2</sub> monitoring by NIRS during elective isolated first-time CABG: an anemic group (<em>N</em>=15) (minimum Hemoglobin (Hb) N=15) (Hb &gt;8 g/dL during CPB). Mean arterial pressure (MAP), pump blood flow, blood lactate level, pCO<sub>2</sub>, pO<sub>2</sub> at five time points and cross-clamp time, extracorporeal circulation time were recorded for each patient. Group results statistically were compared.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> The anemic group had significantly lower mean preoperative Hb than the control group (10.3 mg/dL versus 14.2 mg/dL; <em>P</em> = .001). The lowest Hb levels were observed in the hypothermic period of CPB in the anemic group. None of the controls exhibited a &gt;20% decrease in cerebral rSO<sub>2</sub>. Eleven (73.3%) of the anemic patients required an increase in pump blood flow to raise their cerebral rSO<sub>2</sub>.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> In this study, the changes in cerebral rSO<sub>2</sub> in the patients with low Hb were within acceptable limits, and this was in concordance with the blood lactate levels and blood-gas analysis. It can be suggested that NIRS monitoring of cerebral rSO<sub>2</sub> can assist in decision making related to blood transfusion and dilutional anemia during CPB.</p>

Effects of Audience Response Systems on Student Achievement and Long-Term Retention

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 1431-1439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selcuk Karaman
Keyword(s):  
Academic Success ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Course Design ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Audience Response ◽  
Multiple Choice Questions ◽  
Audience Response Systems ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Response Systems

The effects of audience response systems (ARS) on students' academic success and their perceptions of ARS were examined in this study. Participants, comprising 44 undergraduate students, were randomly assigned to a control or treatment group. The course design was the same for both groups and the instructor prepared the multiple-choice questions in advance; students in the control group responded to these questions verbally whereas the treatment group used ARS. Two paper-based examinations were used to measure the learning of concepts and skills that were taught. Students' perceptions of ARS were collected via a questionnaire. Results showed that ARS usage has a significant learning achievement effect in the first 4 weeks but not at the end of the second 4 weeks. There was no significant difference in retention between either group. Students perceived the ARS tool positively, finding it very enjoyable and useful.

scholarly journals Donepezil for mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyoungwon Baik ◽  
Seon Myeong Kim ◽  
Jin Ho Jung ◽  
Yang Hyun Lee ◽  
Seok Jong Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractWe investigated the efficacy of donepezil for mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease (PD-MCI). This was a prospective, non-randomized, open-label, two-arm study. Eighty PD-MCI patients were assigned to either a treatment or control group. The treatment group received donepezil for 48 weeks. The primary outcome measures were the Korean version of Mini-Mental State Exam and Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores. Secondary outcome measures were the Clinical Dementia Rating, Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale part III, Clinical Global Impression scores. Progression of dementia was assessed at 48-week. Comprehensive neuropsychological tests and electroencephalography (EEG) were performed at baseline and after 48 weeks. The spectral power ratio of the theta to beta2 band (TB2R) in the electroencephalogram was analyzed. There was no significant difference in the primary and secondary outcome measures between the two groups. However, the treatment group showed a significant decrease in TB2R at bilateral frontotemporoparietal channels compared to the control group. Although we could not demonstrate improvements in the cognitive functions, donepezil treatment had a modulatory effect on the EEG in PD-MCI patients. EEG might be a sensitive biomarker for detecting changes in PD-MCI after donepezil treatment.

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