Comparison and Analysis of Gut Microbiota in Children With IgA Vasculitis With Different Clinical Symptoms

Background: Henoch-Schönlein purpura, now called immunoglobulin A (IgA) vasculitis, is a common autoimmune disease in children, its association with gut microbiota composition remains unknown.Methods: The collected cases were divided into three groups: G1 group of simple skin type, G2 group with no digestive tract expression, G3 group of mixed digestive tract, and C group of healthy children. The fecal samples of each group of children were collected and the sequencing data was processed and analyzed. The dilution curve reflected the reasonableness of the amount of sequencing data.Results: The number of species composition sequences in the G1, G2 and G3 groups was lower than that in the C group, especially for the G2 and G3 groups. The four most abundant bacteria were Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria in the G2 and G3 groups was significantly higher than that in the G1 and C groups, while the relative abundance of Actinobacteria was significantly reduced, and the relative abundance of Actinobacteria in the G1 group was lower than that in the C group. Principal component analysis of the UPGMA clustering tree and each group of samples showed that the microbial community composition of the same group of samples was similar.Conclusions: The abundance of intestinal microbes in children with IgA vasculitis is lower than in normal children. Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria are the four most abundant bacteria in the intestinal flora of children. Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria are associated with organ involvement in IgA vasculitis.

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Effects of Andrographolide on Mouse Intestinal Microflora Based on High-Throughput Sequence Analysis

Frontiers in Veterinary Science ◽

10.3389/fvets.2021.702885 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Haigang Wu ◽

Xian Wu ◽

Li Huang ◽

Chongmei Ruan ◽

Jinni Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microbial Community ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

High Throughput ◽

High Throughput Sequencing ◽

Bacterial Resistance ◽

Microbial Community Composition ◽

Intestinal Flora ◽

Sequencing Analysis ◽

Beneficial Bacteria ◽

Intestinal Microbes

The intestinal flora is a micro-ecosystem that is closely linked to the overall health of the host. We examined the diversity and abundance of intestinal microorganisms in mice following the administration of andrographolide, a component of the Chinese medical herb Andrographis paniculata. Administration of andrographolide produces multiple beneficial effects including anti-inflammatory, antiviral and antibacterial effects but whether it directly influences the gut microbiota is not known. This study investigated whether the oral administration of andrographolide influences the intestinal microbiota and was compared with amoxicillin treatment as a positive control and water only as a negative control. We examined 21 cecal samples and conducted a high-throughput sequencing analysis based on V3-V4 variable region of the 16S rDNA genes. We found that the diversity and abundance of mouse gut microbiota decreased in direct proportion with the amoxicillin dose whereas andrographolide administration did not affect intestinal microbial community structure. The composition of intestinal microbes following andrographolide treatment was dominated by the Firmicutes while Bacteroidetes dominated the amoxicillin treatment group compared with the negative controls. Specifically, the f__Lachnospiraceae_ Unclassified, Lachnospiraceae_ NK4A136_group and Ruminococcaceae_ UCG-014 were enriched with andrographolide administration while Bacteroides, Klebsiella and Escherichia-Shigella significantly increased in the amoxicillin test groups. Amoxicillin administration altered the microbial community composition and structure by increasing the proportion of pathogenic to beneficial bacteria whereas andrographolide administration led to increases in the proportions and abundance of beneficial bacteria. This study provides a theoretical basis for finding alternatives to antibiotics to decrease bacterial resistance and restore intestinal floral imbalances.

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Oleuropein Ameliorates Advanced Stage of Type 2 Diabetes in db/db Mice by Regulating Gut Microbiota

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13072131 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 2131

Author(s):

Shujuan Zheng ◽

Yanan Wang ◽

Jingjing Fang ◽

Ruixuan Geng ◽

Mengjie Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Advanced Stage ◽

Intestinal Microbes ◽

Promising Therapeutic Approach

Previous studies have reported the therapeutic effects of oleuropein (OP) consumption on the early stage of type 2 diabetes. However, the efficacy of OP on the advanced stage of type 2 diabetes has not been investigated, and the relationship between OP and intestinal flora has not been studied. Therefore, in this study, to explore the relieving effects of OP intake on the advanced stage of type 2 diabetes and the regulatory effects of OP on intestinal microbes, diabetic db/db mice (17-week-old) were treated with OP at the dose of 200 mg/kg for 15 weeks. We found that OP has a significant effect in decreasing fasting blood glucose levels, improving glucose tolerance, lowering the homeostasis model assessment–insulin resistance index, restoring histopathological features of tissues, and promoting hepatic protein kinase B activation in db/db mice. Notably, OP modulates gut microbiota at phylum level, increases the relative abundance of Verrucomicrobia and Deferribacteres, and decreases the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes. OP treatment increases the relative abundance of Akkermansia, as well as decreases the relative abundance of Prevotella, Odoribacter, Ruminococcus, and Parabacteroides at genus level. In conclusion, OP may ameliorate the advanced stage of type 2 diabetes through modulating the composition and function of gut microbiota. Our findings provide a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of advanced stage type 2 diabetes.

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Baicalin-Copper Complex Modulates Gut Microbiota, Inflammatory Responses, and Hormone Secretion in DON-Challenged Piglets

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10091535 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 1535

Author(s):

Andong Zha ◽

Zhijuan Cui ◽

Ming Qi ◽

Simeng Liao ◽

Jia Yin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Serum Concentration ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

Copper Complex ◽

Inflammatory Responses ◽

Control Diet ◽

Hormone Secretion ◽

Intestinal Microbes ◽

Group A ◽

Ifn Γ

The present experiment assessed the inflammatory responses, hormone secretion, and gut microbiota of weanling piglets administered baicalin-copper complex (BCU) or deoxynivalenol (DON) supplementation diets. Twenty-eight piglets were randomly assigned to four groups: control diet (Con group), a 4 mg DON/kg diet (DON group), a 5 g BCU/kg diet (BCU group), a 5 g BCU + 4 mg DON/kg diet (DBCU group). After 14 days, the results showed that dietary BCU supplementation remarkably increased the relative abundance of Clostrium bornimense and decreased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus in the DBCU group (p < 0.05). BCU decreased the serum concentration of IgG, IL-2, IFN-γ, and IgA in DON treated piglets (p < 0.05), and promoted the serum concentration of IL-1β, IgG, IL-2, IFN-γ, IgA, IL-6, IgM, and TNFα in normal piglets (p < 0.05). BCU increased the concentrations of serum IGF1, insulin, NPY, GLP-1, and GH, and decreased the concentrations of serum somatostatin in no DON treated piglets (p < 0.05). Dietary BCU supplementation significantly promoted the secretion of somatostatin, and inhibited the secretion of leptin in piglets challenged with DON (p < 0.05). BCU regulated the expression of food intake-related genes in the hypothalamus and pituitary of piglets. Collectively, dietary BCU supplementation alleviated inflammatory responses and regulated the secretion of appetite-regulating hormones and growth-axis hormones in DON challenged piglets, which was closely linked to changes of intestinal microbes.

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PSI-10 Establishing a foundation to harvest the potential of the microbiome in poultry production

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz258.594 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 293-294

Author(s):

Camila S Marcolla ◽

Benjamin Willing

Keyword(s):

Microbial Community ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Community Composition ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

Microbial Community Composition ◽

Alpha Diversity ◽

Poultry Production ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Microbial Composition ◽

The Impact

Abstract This study aimed to characterize poultry microbiota composition in commercial farms using 16S rRNA sequencing. Animals raised in sanitized environments have lower survival rates when facing pathogenic challenges compared to animals naturally exposed to commensal organisms. We hypothesized that intensive rearing practices inadvertently impair chicken exposure to microbes and the establishment of a balanced gut microbiota. We compared gut microbiota composition of broilers (n = 78) and layers (n = 20) from different systems, including commercial intensive farms with and without in-feed antibiotics, organic free-range farms, backyard-raised chickens and chickens in an experimental farm. Microbial community composition of conventionally raised broilers was significantly different from antibiotic-free broilers (P = 0.012), from broilers raised outdoors (P = 0.048) and in an experimental farm (P = 0.006) (Fig1). Significant community composition differences were observed between antibiotic-fed and antibiotic-free chickens (Fig2). Antibiotic-free chickens presented higher alpha-diversity, higher relative abundance of Deferribacteres, Fusobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria, and lower relative abundance of Firmicutes, Clostridiales and Enterobacteriales than antibiotic-fed chickens (P < 0.001) (Fig3). Microbial community composition significantly changed as birds aged. In experimental farm, microbial community composition was significant different for 7, 21 and 35 day old broilers (P < 0.001), and alpha diversity increased from 7 to 21d (P < 0.024), but not from 21 to 35d; whereas, in organic systems, increases in alpha-diversity were observed from 7d to 21d, and from 21d to 35d (P < 0.05). Broilers and layers raised together showed no differences in microbiota composition and alpha diversity (P > 0.8). It is concluded that production practices consistently impact microbial composition, and that antibiotics significantly reduces microbial diversity. We are now exploring the impact of differential colonization in a controlled setting, to determine the impact of the microbes associated with extensively raised chickens. This study will support future research and the development of methods to isolate and introduce beneficial microbes to commercial systems.

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Gut–Lung Axis: Microbial Crosstalk in Pediatric Respiratory Tract Infections

Frontiers in Immunology ◽

10.3389/fimmu.2021.741233 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Wenxia Zhu ◽

Yilin Wu ◽

Hui Liu ◽

Caini Jiang ◽

Lili Huo

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Respiratory Tract ◽

Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Intestinal Flora ◽

Intestinal Microbes ◽

Important Regulator ◽

Tract Infections ◽

The Relationship ◽

Gut Microbiota Composition

The gut microbiota is an important regulator for maintaining the organ microenvironment through effects on the gut-vital organs axis. Respiratory tract infections are one of the most widespread and harmful diseases, especially in the last 2 years. Many lines of evidence indicate that the gut microbiota and its metabolites can be considered in therapeutic strategies to effectively prevent and treat respiratory diseases. However, due to the different gut microbiota composition in children compared to adults and the dynamic development of the immature immune system, studies on the interaction between children’s intestinal flora and respiratory infections are still lacking. Here, we describe the changes in the gut microbiota of children with respiratory tract infections and explain the relationship between the microbiota of children with their immune function and disease development. In addition, we will provide perspectives on the direct manipulation of intestinal microbes to prevent or treat pediatric respiratory infections.

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Effect of intestinal flora on the formation of endometritis of sow

10.21203/rs.3.rs-39534/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ling Zhang ◽

Linkang Wang ◽

Yimin Dai ◽

Tianyu Tao ◽

Jingqi Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Relative Abundance ◽

Intestinal Flora ◽

Intestinal Bacteria ◽

Experimental Result ◽

Intestinal Microbes ◽

Birth Canal ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Vaginal Secretions ◽

Fresh Feces ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background Aberration of birth canal microbiota is one of the most important factors in the etiology of sow endomentritis. Nevertheless, reports about the structure and composition of birth canal microbiota in endomentritis sow and their relationship with intestinal microbes is limited. Therefore, understanding the relationship between birth canal microbiota and intestinal microbiota of the host has become exceedingly crucial. Results In this study, 4 healthy and 4 endomentritis sows were selected basing on whether the sow had endometritis or not in a farm of China. The microflora of their birth canal secretions and fresh feces were analyzed via sequencing the V3 + V4 region of bacterial 16S rDNA gene. The results showed that the significant difference between endometritis and healthy sows birth canal flora in the composition and abundance. Sow endomentritis was associated with increasing in the relative abundance of Porphyromonas, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Streptococcus, Ezakiella, Fusobacterium, Actinobacillus, Bacteroides, and Prevotella as well as Anaerococcus. On the contrary, the majority of beneficial bacteria that belonging to Firmicutes phylum (e.g., Lactobacillus and Enterococcus ) declined in endomentritis sow. The increased relative abundance of Porphyromonas in the vaginal secretions might correlate with the decrease of Lactobacillusin the feces of endometritis sows. Moreover, the experimental result also found that some intestinal bacteria (such as Escherichia-Shigella and Bacteroides) may be bound up with the onset of sow endometritis. Conclusion Sow endometritis is closely related to the microbiota of birth canal, and that some intestinal bacteria may promote the onset of endometritis. The above results can supply a theoretical basis to research the pathogenesis of endometritis and the microbiota of sow's birth canal and gut.

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A study of the correlation between chalazion and intestinal flora in chinese children

10.21203/rs.3.rs-21419/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yuanyue Cui ◽

Lei Song ◽

Xie Li ◽

Ting Qiu ◽

Jing Jin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Relative Abundance ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Intestinal Flora ◽

Meibomian Gland ◽

Control Group ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Gut Flora ◽

Microbial Composition ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract BackgroundChalazion is a chronic inflammatory granuloma of the meibomian gland formed on the basis of the obstruction of the meibomian gland drainage duct and the retention of secretions. It is one of the most common clinically eye diseases in children. Chronic inflammation of the meibomian glands is responsible for this disease, and the gut flora is thought to be involved in the inflammatory process. In this study, we investigated the relationship between intestinal microbial composition and children's chalazion.MethodsFecal samples were collected from 21 children with chalazion and 26 healthy children. DNA was extracted from fecal stool samples and 16S rRNA sequences in the gut flora were detected by using second second-generation sequencing technology. The results were used to compare the composition of the microbiome between patients and healthy controls.ResultsAccording to Alpha Diversity and Beta Diversity analysis, we found that there was no significant difference in bacteria diversity and relative abundance between the two groups. We compared the flora of the control group and the diseased group through Lefse analysis, and screened out 11 different species. Based on the absolute abundance of species, 43 different species were selected. Anosim analysis and metastats analysis were used to compare the flora of the control group and the diseased group again. At the species level, we found that gut_metagenome and human_gut_metagenome are the common differences in species levels obtained from the above analysis. Finally, corrplot correlation analysis was performed, suggesting that gut_metagenome has a great correlation with the number, ulceration, and recurrence of chalazion in children.ConclusionsThere was no significant difference in the diversity index and relative abundance of flora in children with chalazion compared with healthy children, but there were significant differences in some bacterial species. The gut_metagenome strains identified in this study were significantly related to the growth, ulceration, and relapse of children with chalazion. It is suggested that gut_metagenome may be a microbiological indicator which is independent of clinicopathologic factors but associated with chalazion disease .* These authors have contributed equally to this work.

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Understanding gut microbiota in elderly's health will enable intervention through probiotics

Beneficial Microbes ◽

10.3920/bm2013.0079 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 235-246 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

G. Pérez Martínez ◽

C. Bäuerl ◽

M.C. Collado

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Adaptive Immune Response ◽

The Elderly ◽

Research Field ◽

Low Grade ◽

Intestinal Microbes ◽

Adaptive Immune ◽

Age Related ◽

Inflammatory State

Today, advances in the public health system of most countries have managed to extend notably life expectancy, however, elderly's health remain as a very serious concern. The lifelong stimulation of innate and adaptive immune systems leads to immunosenescence and, as result, to a low ability to produce immunoglobulins against pathogens but also to a low-grade chronic inflammatory state (inflammaging) that is linked to most age-related health problems, such as dementia, Alzheimer or atherosclerosis. This inflammatory state could make the host more sensitive to intestinal microbes, or vice versa, as changes in the gut microbiota composition are related to the progression of diseases and frailty in the elderly population. It was considered that gut microbiota changed during aging, with an increase of Bacteroidetes vs. Firmicutes proportion and a reduction of bifidobacterial counts, however recent studies reported a great inter-individual variation among elderly and a significant relationship between gut microbiota, diet and institution or community living. Intervention studies of probiotics and prebiotics in elderly are not very abundant, but most cases showed that Bifidobacterium populations can efficiently be stimulated with a concomitant decrease of Enterobacteria. Furthermore, also some studies demonstrated that probiotics decreased the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines which are upregulated in the elderly, such as interleukin (IL)-8, IL-6 or tumour necrosis factor ?, among others, and they increased the levels of activated lymphocytes, natural killer cells, phagocytic activity and even showed a greater response to influenza vaccination. This suggests that direct manipulation of the gut microbiota may improve adaptive immune response and reduce inflammatory secretions, therefore compensating immunosenescence effects, however, there are no records of their effect on clinical symptoms or risk for disease. Those facts reveal that this is an open research field with very good scientific perspectives and above all they could bring likely improvements in the wellbeing of our seniors.

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Comparison of the Gut Microbiota Composition Between Captive and Wild Roe Deer

10.1101/831222 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Jinyue Liu ◽

Xue Liang ◽

Yanhua Liu

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Roe Deer ◽

Intestinal Flora ◽

Structural Diversity ◽

Living Environment ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Illumina Hiseq ◽

Intestinal Microbes ◽

Illumina Hiseq Sequencing ◽

Microbial Group

ABSTRACTIn this paper, 16S-rRNA gene Illumina HiSeq sequencing was used to analyze the structural diversity of captive and wild roe deer gut flora. The results show that the microbial diversity in the feces of wild roe deer is higher than in that of captive roe deer. Both roe deer have similar flora at the phylum level, but the main genus has significant differences. The microbial group that plays an important role in captive roe deer is Bacteroidetes; in wild roe deer it is Firmicutes. This difference is mainly due to the differences in living environment, diet, and physiological functions of the two groups. In conclusion, our study makes people have a better understanding of the intestinal flora of roe deer. By comparing the intestinal microbial structure differences between captive and wild roe deer, it provides theoretical basis for people to raise captive roe deer and provides reference for the protection of wild roe deer.IMPORTANCEMany studies have shown that large and complex microbes in the gut of humans and non-human animals, intestinal microbes are thought to co-evolve with the host, help the host acquire nutrients, regulate immunity and to help maintain host homeostasis. The roe deer (Capreolus spp.) is a ruminant. Wild roe deer are listed on the List of Terrestrial Wild Animals Protected by the State or Have Important Economic and Scientific Values, wild roe deer is also a Chinese national protected animal under second class protection. However, current research on the gut microbiota of roe deer has not been reported.

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Characteristics of Intestinal Microbiota and Mother's Reproductive Tract Flora in Children With Down Syndrome

10.21203/rs.3.rs-922120/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yannan Liu ◽

Dongjie Hu ◽

Chunfang Dai ◽

Dan Wang ◽

Song Weihong

Keyword(s):

Congenital Heart Disease ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Congenital Heart ◽

Reproductive Tract ◽

Down's Syndrome ◽

Intestinal Flora ◽

Down’S Syndrome ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Abundance And Diversity

Abstract Background: Patients with Down’s syndrome (DS) often have an increased rate of infections, hypertension, objectivity and gastrointestinal disorders, which are the most common abnormalities and have a significant impact on their daily life. The gut microbiota plays an important role in maintaining gut homeostasis and improving immunity and has been linked to the development of obesity, hypertension, and colon cancer. However, there are few studies on the intestinal flora and the mother's reproductive tract flora of children with DS in childhood. Therefore, 16S sequencing technology was used to analyze and explore the intestinal flora of children with DS and CHD patients in DS and the microbial abundance and diversity composition in the mother's reproductive tract. Results: We found that the gut microbiota in children with DS was mainly composed of Escherichia, Bifidobacterium, Clostridium and Bacteroides, which have significant differences in the abundance and diversity of intestinal flora compared with healthy children, and the abundance of Enterococcus and Erysipelatoclostridium in the intestine of children with CHD was significantly higher than that of children without CHD, and the relative abundance of Lactobacillus in the reproductive tract of mothers with DS was significantly higher than that of mothers with healthy children, which may suggest potential ways of using microbiome composition for prognosis and diagnosis. Through functional analysis, it was found that Down’s syndrome patients significantly downregulated immune system and their cell growth and nucleotide metabolism were lower than those of healthy children.Conclusion: We performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing on fecal samples from 60 children and vaginal swab samples from 63 mothers to identify a number of potentially important taxonomic, functional and microbiomes associated with congenital heart disease and Down’s syndrome. Structural changes and its correlation with the mother’s vaginal flora. Our analysis shows that the ecosystem associated with childhood congenital heart disease affects the selection of bacterial communities in the native microbiota, and we focus on specific bacteria and their relevance to disease.

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