scholarly journals Construction of a “Bacteria-Metabolites” Co-Expression Network to Clarify the Anti–Ulcerative Colitis Effect of Flavonoids of Sophora flavescens Aiton by Regulating the “Host–Microbe” Interaction

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Shao ◽  
Zhaocheng Li ◽  
Yanping Gao ◽  
Kairui Zhao ◽  
Minling Lin ◽  
...  

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is considered an immune disease, which is related to the dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota and disorders of the host immune system and metabolism. Sophora flavescens Aiton has been used for the clinical treatment of UC in China and East Asia for thousands of years. It has many traditional prescriptions and modern preparations, and its curative effects are definite. We are the first to report that the flavonoids in Sophora flavescens (S. flavescens) Aiton EtOAc extract (SFE) could potentially attenuate the dextran sodium sulfate–induced UC in mice, which changed the current understanding of considering alkaloids as the only anti-UC pharmacological substances of S. flavescens Aiton. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolomic analysis, it was found that the anti-UC effects of SFE were due to the regulation of gut microbiota, reversing the abnormal metabolisms, and regulation of the short-chain fatty acids synthesis. Notably, according to the interaction networks of specific bacteria and “bacteria and metabolites” co-expression network, the SFE could enrich the abundance of the commensal bacterium Lactobacillus, Roseburia, norank_f__Muribaculaceae, Anaerotruncus, Candidatus_Saccharimona, and Parasutterella, which are proposed as potentially beneficial bacteria, thereby playing vital roles in the treatment of UC.

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 938
Author(s):  
Jennifer Joan Ryan ◽  
Andrea Monteagudo-Mera ◽  
Nikhat Contractor ◽  
Glenn R. Gibson

Intestinal dysbiosis has been described in patients with certain gastrointestinal conditions including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and ulcerative colitis. 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL), a prebiotic human milk oligosaccharide, is considered bifidogenic and butyrogenic. To assess prebiotic effects of 2′-FL, alone or in combination with probiotic strains (potential synbiotics), in vitro experiments were conducted on stool from healthy, IBS, and ulcerative colitis adult donors. In anaerobic batch culture fermenters, Bifidobacterium and Eubacterium rectale-Clostridium coccoides counts, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) including butyrate increased during fermentation with 2′-FL and some of the 2′-FL/probiotic combinations. In a subsequent open-label pilot trial, the effect of a 2′-FL-containing nutritional formula was evaluated in twelve adults with IBS or ulcerative colitis. Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index (GIQLI) total and gastrointestinal symptoms domain scores, stool counts of Bifidobacterium and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and stool SCFAs including butyrate, increased after six weeks of intervention. Consistent with documented effects of 2′-FL, the batch culture fermentation experiments demonstrated bifidogenic and butyrogenic effects of 2′-FL during fermentation with human stool samples. Consumption of the 2′-FL-containing nutritional formula by adults with IBS or ulcerative colitis was associated with improvements in intra- and extra-intestinal symptoms, and bifidogenic and butyrogenic effects.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-66
Author(s):  
Toumi Ryma ◽  
Arezki Samer ◽  
Imene Soufli ◽  
Hayet Rafa ◽  
Chafia Touil-Boukoffa

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a term used to describe a group of complex disorders of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. IBDs include two main forms: Crohn’s Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC), which share similar clinical symptoms but differ in the anatomical distribution of the inflammatory lesions. The etiology of IBDs is undetermined. Several hypotheses suggest that Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis result from an abnormal immune response against endogenous flora and luminal antigens in genetically susceptible individuals. While there is no cure for IBDs, most common treatments (medication and surgery) aim to reduce inflammation and help patients to achieve remission. There is growing evidence and focus on the prophylactic and therapeutic potential of probiotics in IBDs. Probiotics are live microorganisms that regulate the mucosal immune system, the gut microbiota and the production of active metabolites such as Short-Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs). This review will focus on the role of intestinal dysbiosis in the immunopathogenesis of IBDs and understanding the health-promoting effects of probiotics and their metabolites.


2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Byoung Hee Park ◽  
In Sung Kim ◽  
Jung Kuk Park ◽  
Zheng Zhi ◽  
Hea Min Lee ◽  
...  

AbstractLactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris is a lactic acid bacterium commonly used in the cheese manufacturing industry. It is known to produce antibacterial peptides and has recently received attention for its role as a probiotic strain. Here, we report the isolation of a new strain, Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris RPG-HL-0136 (RPG0136) from dried compost, which exhibits strong antibacterial activity. When RPG0136 was fed to mice, it increased the intestinal population of two beneficial bacteria, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, whereas it decreased the intestinal population of two harmful bacteria, Bacteroides and Enterobacter. In addition, it increased the concentration of short-chain fatty acids, including acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid, with a simultaneous decrease in pH, and accelerated the catabolic degradation of proteins, lipids, and starch. Lastly, RPG0136 increased the plasma IgG and intestinal mucosal SIgA concentrations and upregulated Reg3r, MUC1, and MUC2 expression to improve the intestinal mucosal immune function. The results of this study suggest that RPG0136 is a potential probiotic strain that supports the growth of a beneficial microbiome by promoting the synthesis of organic acids and enhancing intestinal immune function.


2015 ◽  
Vol 171 ◽  
pp. 161-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinzhou Yang ◽  
Jing Yang ◽  
Chan Xu ◽  
Mi Huang ◽  
Qi Zhou ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 577-584
Author(s):  
G. R. Bikbavova ◽  
M. A. Livzan

In recent decades, an increase in the incidence of ulcerative colitis has been observed throughout the world. The purpose of this review is to generalize the available information on the influence of environmental factors and intestinal microbiome on the occurrence and development of ulcerative colitis, the role of bacteria metabolism products in the pathogenesis of the disease. Studied literature, we came to the conclusion that lifestyle in the era of post-industrial society has a significant impact on the microbial composition of the intestine and leads to changes in its diversity in patients suffering from ulcerative colitis. The changes include a decrease in the number of residential flora with anti-inflammatory activity, which synthesize short-chain fatty acids, and an increase in the number of potentially pathogenic and pathogenic microorganisms. Within the phylums Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, the proportional ratio changes. The combination of aggression factors (deterioration of the intestinal microbiome composition, the presence of aggressive intestinal metabolites) leads to intestinal mucosa permeability disfunction, impairing its barrier function. Food and bacterial agents can penetrate deeper layers of the intestinal wall through mucosal defects, which then stimulate the development of inflammatory and immune responses.


Inflammation ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 507-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria K. Magnusson ◽  
Stefan Isaksson ◽  
Lena Öhman

Abstract Altered gut microbiota composition and reduced levels of short-chain fatty acids, such as butyrate, have been identified as key components of ulcerative colitis (UC). We aimed to determine and compare effects of butyrate on the intestinal immune profile of UC patients with active disease and non-inflamed controls. Biopsies were cultivated during 6 h with or without butyrate. Cytokines were measured in supernatants and mRNA gene expression was analyzed in biopsies using Qiagen RT2 Profiler PCR Arrays. The intestinal immune profile of cultured biopsies, as determined by mRNA gene expression and secreted cytokines, differed between inflamed UC samples and controls. Principal component analysis revealed that addition of butyrate differently regulated mRNA expression in inflamed biopsies from UC and non-inflamed biopsies from controls. Highly discriminant and predictive orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analyses identified 29 genes for UC (R2 = 0.94, Q2 = 0.86) and 23 genes for controls (R2 = 0.90, Q2 = 0.71) that were most regulated by butyrate. UC displayed more up-regulation of genes as compared with controls, and controls displayed the most prominent down-regulations. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis identified a down regulation of the Neuroinflammation Signaling pathway and predicted inhibition of the categories Inflammatory response, cellular movement, and cellular development as top diseases and functions, respectively, for controls but not for UC. In conclusion, butyrate has a different effect on gene regulation and more potently down-regulates gene expression of inflammatory pathways in non-inflamed controls than in inflamed tissue of UC patients. These discrepancies may at least partly explain why anticipated anti-inflammatory effects of local butyrate induction or supplementation are not always obtained.


2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sizhen Gu ◽  
Yan Xue ◽  
Yuli Zhang ◽  
Kanjun Chen ◽  
Shigui Xue ◽  
...  

Aim and Objective: Five-Flavor Sophora flavescens Enteric-Coated Capsules (FSEC) are the only proprietary Chinese medicine approved for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) in China. Phase II and III clinical trials have shown that the curative effect of FSEC in relieving UC was not inferior to that of mesalazine granules and enteric-coated tablets, but its pharmacological mechanism is unclear. Therefore, the network pharmacology is used to reveal the more comprehensive effective components and targets of FSEC in the treatment of UC. Methods: We screened the components of FSEC based on the TCMSP database, determined the action targets of these compounds through target fishing, and integrated the UC disease targets of several disease gene databases. The FSEC-UC composite targets were obtained by matching the two results, and then a PPI network was constructed to analyze the relationship between these targets, and the core targets were selected by topological correlation parameters. Finally, GO-BP and KEGG enrichment analyses were carried out using the clusterProfiler software package. Results: One hundred and sixty active components of FSEC were identified and 77 targets were obtained. Of these, 30 core targets were the main targets of FESC in the treatment of UC. And quercetin, kaempferol, luteolin and mangiferin were regarded as the core active components of FSEC. The results screened by GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that FSEC played a comprehensive therapeutic role in immune recognition, anti-inflammation and antioxidation mainly through IL-17, TNF, Toll-like receptor, NF-kappa B, and Th17 cell differentiation. Conclusion: The molecular mechanism of UC remission induced by FSEC was predicted by network pharmacology. These findings provide an important theoretical basis for further study of the effective substances and mechanism of FSEC in the treatment of UC.


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