Crocetin: A Systematic Review

Crocetin is an aglycone of crocin naturally occurring in saffron and produced in biological systems by hydrolysis of crocin as a bioactive metabolite. It is known to exist in several medicinal plants, the desiccative ripe fruit of the cape jasmine belonging to the Rubiaceae family, and stigmas of the saffron plant of the Iridaceae family. According to modern pharmacological investigations, crocetin possesses cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, antidepressant, antiviral, anticancer, atherosclerotic, antidiabetic, and memory-enhancing properties. Although poor bioavailability hinders therapeutic applications, derivatization and formulation preparation technologies have broadened the application prospects for crocetin. To promote the research and development of crocetin, we summarized the distribution, preparation and production, total synthesis and derivatization technology, pharmacological activity, pharmacokinetics, drug safety, drug formulations, and preparation of crocetin.

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A Systematic Review of the Role of Medicinal Plants in the Treatment of Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting

International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation ◽

10.37200/ijpr/v24i4/pr2020738 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 7888-7896

Author(s):

Seyed Shahabeddin Bahrani, Zahra Kurd Varkaneh

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Medicinal Plants ◽

Nausea And Vomiting

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The Modification and Design of Antimicrobial Peptide

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612824666180213130318 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 (8) ◽

pp. 904-910 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Yidan Gao ◽

Hengtong Fang ◽

Lu Fang ◽

Dawei Liu ◽

Jinsong Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Modification ◽

Antimicrobial Peptide ◽

Protein Modification ◽

Recent Progress ◽

Therapeutic Agents ◽

Manufacturing Cost ◽

Commercial Development ◽

Biochemical Modification ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Application Prospects

The antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a group of unique naturally occurring anti-microbial compounds with around 50 amino acids. It represents promising therapeutic agents to the infectious disease without concerning about drug resistance. However, commercial development of these peptides for even the simplest application has been hindered by the limitations of sources, instability, toxicity and bioavailability. To improve the properties of the artificial synthesized AMPs, the modification and design are the hotspots of the AMPs research. In fact, more than half of the known AMPs are naturally modified. In this review, two types of modification strategies, biochemical modification and chemical modification were summarized. Although, the chemical modification is versatile and direct, the manufacturing cost is greatly increased compared to the antibiotics. With the recent progress of the protein modification enzyme, the biochemical modification of the antimicrobial peptide followed by heterologous expression has great application prospects.

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Total Synthesis and Antibacterial Screening of (±)-6,8-Dihydroxy-3- undecyl-3,4-dihydroisochromen-1-one: A Structural Analogue of Metabolites from Ononis natrix

Letters in Drug Design & Discovery ◽

10.2174/1570180815666180502114402 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 245-248

Author(s):

Hummera Rafique ◽

Aamer Saeed ◽

Ehsan Ullah Mughal ◽

Muhammad Naveed Zafar ◽

Amara Mumtaz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Total Synthesis ◽

Structural Analog ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Antibacterial Screening ◽

Maximum Inhibition ◽

Bacillus Subtilus ◽

Hydrolysis Of ◽

Direct Condensation

Background: (±)-6,8-Dihydroxy-3-undecyl-3,4-dihydroisochromen-1-one is one of the structural analog of several substituted undecylisocoumarins isolated from Ononis natrix (Fabaceae), has been successfully synthesized by direct condensation of homopthalic acid (1) with undecanoyl chloride yields isochromen-1-one (2). Methods: Alkaline hydrolysis of (2) gave the corresponding keto-acid (3), which is then reduced to hydroxy acid (4) then its cyclodehydration was carried out with acetic anhydride to afford 3,4- dihydroisochromen-1-one (5). Followed by demethylation step, the synthesis of target 6,8- dihydroxy-7-methyl-3-undecyl-3,4-dihydroisocoumarin (6) was achieved. Results: In vitro antibacterial screening of all the synthesized compounds were carried out against ten bacterial strains by agar well diffusion method. Conclusion: Newly synthesized molecules exhibited moderate antibacterial activity and maximum inhibition was observed against Bacillus subtilus and Salmonella paratyphi.

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Role of Flavonoids in Neurodegenerative Disorders with Special Emphasis on Tangeritin

CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets ◽

10.2174/1871527318666190916141934 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (8) ◽

pp. 581-597 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ambreen Fatima ◽

Yasir Hasan Siddique

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Mechanism Of Action ◽

Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Dietary Supplementation ◽

Plant Polyphenols ◽

Promising Candidate ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

The Brain

Flavonoids are naturally occurring plant polyphenols found universally in all fruits, vegetables and medicinal plants. They have emerged as a promising candidate in the formulation of treatment strategies for various neurodegenerative disorders. The use of flavonoid rich plant extracts and food in dietary supplementation have shown favourable outcomes. The present review describes the types, properties and metabolism of flavonoids. Neuroprotective role of various flavonoids and the possible mechanism of action in the brain against the neurodegeneration have been described in detail with special emphasis on the tangeritin.

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Variation in Quantity of Methanol Recovered from Raisins

Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL ◽

10.1093/jaoac/46.2.341 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 46 (2) ◽

pp. 341-343

Author(s):

M Alice Brown ◽

James R Woodward ◽

Floyd DeEds

Keyword(s):

Methyl Ester ◽

Esterase Activity ◽

Enzymic Hydrolysis ◽

Methanol Content ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Pectin Esterase ◽

Hydrolysis Of

Abstract The amount of naturally occurring methanol in fruit must be known so that the quantity left as fumigation residue can be determined. In a study of methanol content of raisins, which had given inconsistent results, the raisins were subjected to different conditions of treatment immediately prior to methanol determination. Conditions that favored pectin esterase activity gave higher values for methanol content than conditions known to inactivate enzymes. Evidence was also obtained that both chemical and enzymic hydrolysis of methyl ester groups of pectic materials occur during analysis.

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