scholarly journals Drug Transporters in the Kidney: Perspectives on Species Differences, Disease Status, and Molecular Docking

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zou ◽  
Birui Shi ◽  
Ting Zeng ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Baolin Huang ◽  
...  

The kidneys are a pair of important organs that excretes endogenous waste and exogenous biological agents from the body. Numerous transporters are involved in the excretion process. The levels of these transporters could affect the pharmacokinetics of many drugs, such as organic anion drugs, organic cationic drugs, and peptide drugs. Eleven drug transporters in the kidney (OAT1, OAT3, OATP4C1, OCT2, MDR1, BCRP, MATE1, MATE2-K, OAT4, MRP2, and MRP4) have become necessary research items in the development of innovative drugs. However, the levels of these transporters vary between different species, sex-genders, ages, and disease statuses, which may lead to different pharmacokinetics of drugs. Here, we review the differences of the important transports in the mentioned conditions, in order to help clinicians to improve clinical prescriptions for patients. To predict drug-drug interactions (DDIs) caused by renal drug transporters, the molecular docking method is used for rapid screening of substrates or inhibitors of the drug transporters. Here, we review a large number of natural products that represent potential substrates and/or inhibitors of transporters by the molecular docking method.

Author(s):  
Debajani Tripathy ◽  
Chandana Adhikari ◽  
Mukundjee Pandey ◽  
Dipankar Bhattacharayay

Phytochemicals from Bhringaraj plant extract are traditionally used to cure Pneumonia. It is caused by Klebsiella pneumonia. Molecular docking method applied using “Biovia Discovery Studio”. “High positive values of -CDOCKER energy and -CDOCKER interaction energy” suggested that glutamic acid can effectively deactivate the dehydrogenase enzyme, thereby interrupting the life cycle of the organism.


Author(s):  
Bidyashree Tripathy ◽  
Elina Sahoo ◽  
Sidhartha Ray ◽  
Soumya Jal ◽  
Dipankar Bhattacharyay

Phytochemicals from Trigonella foenum-graecum plant extract are traditionally used to cure Tuberculosis. Molecular docking method applied using “Biovia Discovery Studio”. “High positive values of -CDOCKER energy and -CDOCKER interaction energy” suggested that this plant extract can effectively deactivate the dihydrofolate reductase enzyme thereby interrupting the life cycle of the organism.


Author(s):  
Sanjeeb Kumar Dash ◽  
Sidhartha Ray ◽  
Smruti Ranjan Behera ◽  
Soumya Jal ◽  
Dipankar Bhattacharyay

Phytochemicals from Michelia champaca L. plant extract are traditionally used to cure cough.  Cough can be caused by many reasons. Caugh can be caused by the infection of Bordetella pertussis. The objective of the study is to identify the phytochemical of Michelia champaca capable of curing cough. Molecular docking method applied using “Biovia Discovery Studio”. “High positive values of -CDOCKER energy and -CDOCKER interaction energy” suggested that magnoflorine can effectively deactivate the peptidase Do enzyme which will interrupt the life cycle of the microorganism and inhibit the multiplication.


Author(s):  
Debadatta Nayak ◽  
Debesh Kumar Hota ◽  
Tophani Sahu ◽  
Soumya Jal ◽  
Dipankar Bhattacharyay

Phytochemicals from Capsicum anum L. plant extract are traditionally used to cure bronchitis. Bronchitis is caused by Haemophilus influenzae. Molecular docking method applied using “Biovia Discovery Studio”. “High positive values of -CDOCKER energy and -CDOCKER interaction energy” suggested that myrcetin and quercetin can effectively deactivate the Palmitoyl-CoA hydrolase enzyme thereby interrupting the life cycle of Haemophilus influenza.


Heliyon ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. e04514
Author(s):  
Rania Kasmi ◽  
Elghalia Hadaji ◽  
Oussama Chedadi ◽  
Abdellah El Aissouq ◽  
Mohammed Bouachrine ◽  
...  

BioTechniques ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bijun Cheng ◽  
Tianjiao Li

The outbreak of viral pneumonia caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 that began in December 2019 caused high mortality. It has been suggested that the main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 may be an important target to discover pharmaceutical compounds for the therapy of this life-threatening disease. Remdesivir, ritonavir and chloroquine have all been reported to play a role in suppressing SARS-CoV-2. Here, we applied a molecular docking method to study the binding stability of these drugs with SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. It appeared that the ligand–protein binding stability of the alliin and SARS-CoV-2 Mpro complex was better than others. The results suggested that alliin may serve as a good candidate as an inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. Therefore, the present research may provide some meaningful guidance for the prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2.


Jurnal Kimia ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
K. D. Adnyani ◽  
L. W. E. Lestari ◽  
H. Prabowo ◽  
P. A. I. A. Siaka ◽  
N. P. L. Laksmiani

Increasing melanogenesis process causes excessive melanin synthesis resulting in darkening of the skin color. The melanogenesis process requires mealnogenesis enzymes, one of which is tyrosinase-related protein 1. One of the flavonoid compounds that has the potential as a skin lightening agent is quercetin. The antioxidant activity of quercetin plays a very important role in antimelanogenesis. This study aims to determine the affinity and molecular mechanism of quercetin on the target protein tyrosinase-related protein 1 using in silico molecular docking method. Molecular docking is carried out through stages including optimization of the structure of quercetin compounds, preparation of the target protein tyrosinase-related protein 1, validation of the molecular docking method, and docking of quercetin on the tyrosinase-related protein 1. Docking of quercetin with tyrosinase-related protein 1 produces binding energy values of -7.81 kcal/mol, while docking of native ligand with tyrosinase-related protein 1 produces binding energy values of -5.39 kcal/mol. Quercetin has a strong affinity for tyrosinase-related protein 1 which is indicated by the binding energy from the docking results. Quercetin has activity as a skin whitening agent with in silico test with molecular mechanisms through inhibition of the activity of tyrosinase-related protein 1 enzyme.  Keywords: skin whitening agent, in silico, quercetin, tyrosinase-related protein 1


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