New Insights Into the Anticonvulsant Effects of Essential Oil From Melissa officinalis L. (Lemon Balm)

Melissa officinalis L. is used in traditional European and Iranian folk medicines to treat a plethora of neurological diseases including epilepsy. We utilized the in vitro and in vivo models of epilepsy to probe the anticonvulsant potentials of essential oil from M. officinalis (MO) to gain insight into the scientific basis for its applications in traditional medicine for the management of convulsive disorders. MO was evaluated for effects on maximal electroshock (MES) and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) -induced seizures in mice, on 4–aminopyridine (4-AP)-brain slice model of epilepsy and sustained repetitive firing of current clamped neurons; and its ameliorative effects were examined on seizure severity, anxiety, depression, cognitive dysfunction, oxidative stress and neuronal cell loss in PTZ-kindled rats. MO reversibly blocked spontaneous ictal-like discharges in the 4-AP-brain slice model of epilepsy and secondary spikes from sustained repetitive firing, suggesting anticonvulsant effects and voltage-gated sodium channel blockade. MO protected mice from PTZ– and MES–induced seizures and mortality, and ameliorated seizure severity, fear-avoidance, depressive-like behavior, cognitive deficits, oxidative stress and neuronal cell loss in PTZ–kindled rats. The findings warrant further study for the potential use of MO and/or its constituent(s) as adjunctive therapy for epileptic patients.

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Methanol extract of Ficus platyphylla ameliorates seizure severity, cognitive deficit and neuronal cell loss in pentylenetetrazole-kindled mice

Phytomedicine ◽

10.1016/j.phymed.2014.10.005 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 86-93 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Ben A. Chindo ◽

Helmut Schröder ◽

Axel Becker

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Deficit ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Neuronal Cell ◽

Cell Loss ◽

Seizure Severity ◽

Neuronal Cell Loss

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Protective Effects of Anthocleista djalonensis Extracts against Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Epileptic Seizures and Neuronal Cell Loss: Role of Antioxidant Defense System

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2021/5523705 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-18

Author(s):

Germain Sotoing Taiwe ◽

Arielle Larissa Ndieudieu Kouamou ◽

Bernard Dabole ◽

Armelle Rosalie Mbang Ambassa ◽

Hart Mann Alain Youbi Mambou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

High Performance ◽

Neuronal Cell ◽

Epileptic Seizures ◽

Cell Loss ◽

Antioxidant Defense System ◽

Potential Candidate ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Neuronal Cell Loss ◽

Kindled Seizures

Oxidative stress and neurodegeneration are involved in the initiation of epileptogenesis and progression of epileptic seizures. This study was aimed at investigating the anticonvulsant, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties of active fractions isolated from Anthocleista djalonensis root barks in pentylenetetrazole mouse models of epileptic seizures. Bioactive-guided fractionation of Anthocleista djalonensis (AFAD) extracts using acute pentylenetetrazole (90 mg/kg) induced generalised tonic-clonic seizures, which afforded a potent anticonvulsant fraction (FPool 5). Further fractionation of AFAD was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography, which yielded fifteen subfractions, which were chemically characterised. In addition, AFAD was tested against convulsions or spontaneous kindled seizures induced, respectively, by acute (50 mg/kg) or subchronic (30 mg/kg) injection of pentylenetetrazole. Finally, oxidative stress markers, brain GABA content, and neuronal cell loss were evaluated in AFAD-treated pentylenetetrazole-kindled mice. Administration of AFAD significantly protected mice against acute pentylenetetrazole (90 mg/kg)-induced convulsions. In acute pentylenetetrazole (50 mg/kg)-induced hippocampal and cortical paroxysmal discharges, AFAD significantly decreased the number of crisis, the cumulative duration of crisis, and the mean duration of crisis. Additionally, AFAD significantly decreased the number of myoclonic jerks and improved the seizure score in subchronic pentylenetetrazole-induced kindled seizures. The pentylenetetrazole-induced alteration of oxidant-antioxidant balance, GABA concentration, and neuronal cells in the brain were attenuated by AFAD treatment. This study showed that AFAD protected mice against pentylenetetrazole-induced epileptic seizures possibly through the enhancement of antioxidant defence and GABAergic signalling. These events might be correlated with the amelioration of neuronal cell loss; hence, AFAD could be a potential candidate for the treatment of epilepsy.

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Transiently lowering tumor necrosis factor-α synthesis ameliorates neuronal cell loss and cognitive impairments induced by minimal traumatic brain injury in mice

Journal of Neuroinflammation ◽

10.1186/s12974-015-0237-4 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 45 ◽

Cited By ~ 76

Author(s):

Renana Baratz ◽

David Tweedie ◽

Jia-Yi Wang ◽

Vardit Rubovitch ◽

Weiming Luo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽

Tumor Necrosis ◽

Tumor Necrosis Factor Α ◽

Cognitive Impairments ◽

Neuronal Cell ◽

Cell Loss ◽

Neuronal Cell Loss ◽

Factor Α ◽

Necrosis Factor

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Neuronal Cell Loss in the CA3 Subfield of the Hippocampus Following Cortical Contusion Utilizing the Optical Disector Method for Cell Counting

Journal of Neurotrauma ◽

10.1089/neu.1997.14.385 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 14 (6) ◽

pp. 385-398 ◽

Cited By ~ 103

Author(s):

STANLEY A. BALDWIN ◽

TONYA GIBSON ◽

C. TODD CALLIHAN ◽

PATRICK G. SULLIVAN ◽

ERICK PALMER ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neuronal Cell ◽

Cell Loss ◽

Cell Counting ◽

Optical Disector ◽

Neuronal Cell Loss ◽

Cortical Contusion

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Extent of mossy fiber sprouting in patients with mesiotemporal lobe epilepsy correlates with neuronal cell loss and granule cell dispersion

Epilepsy Research ◽

10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2016.11.011 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 129 ◽

pp. 51-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Barbara Schmeiser ◽

Josef Zentner ◽

Marco Prinz ◽

Armin Brandt ◽

Thomas M. Freiman

Keyword(s):

Granule Cell ◽

Mossy Fiber ◽

Neuronal Cell ◽

Cell Loss ◽

Mossy Fiber Sprouting ◽

Cell Dispersion ◽

Neuronal Cell Loss

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Estrogens influence on neuronal cell loss in the MPTP model for Parkinson disease

Neuro-Visionen 4 ◽

10.30965/9783657764082_064 ◽

2007 ◽

pp. 143-144

Keyword(s):

Parkinson Disease ◽

Neuronal Cell ◽

Cell Loss ◽

Neuronal Cell Loss ◽

Mptp Model

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Non-Alzheimer Dementia with Status spongiosus and Neuronal Cell Loss Showing Unusual Perineuronal Structures and Point Mutation at 129 Codon of Prion Protein

Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders ◽

10.1159/000106601 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 55-59

Author(s):

M. Hayashi ◽

K. Kobayashi ◽

C. Ishida ◽

T. Aoki ◽

F. Muramori ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Point Mutation ◽

Prion Protein ◽

Neuronal Cell ◽

Cell Loss ◽

Status Spongiosus ◽

Alzheimer Dementia ◽

Neuronal Cell Loss

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The Neuroprotective Effect of Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. Extract on LPS-Induced Neuronal Cell Loss and Astroglial Activation within the Hippocampus

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2020/4259316 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Ratchaniporn Kongsui ◽

Napatr Sriraksa ◽

Sitthisak Thongrong

Keyword(s):

Proinflammatory Cytokine ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Single Injection ◽

Neuroprotective Effect ◽

Neuronal Cell ◽

Cell Loss ◽

Neuronal Cell Loss ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Astroglial Activation ◽

Zingiber Cassumunar

The systemic administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been recognized to induce neuroinflammation which plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. In this study, we aimed to determine the protective effect of Zingiber cassumunar (Z. cassumunar) or Phlai (in Thai) against LPS-induced neuronal cell loss and the upregulation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) of astrocytes in the hippocampus. Adult male Wistar rats were orally administered with Z. cassumunar extract at various doses (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg body weight) for 14 days before a single injection of LPS (250 μg/kg/i.p.). The results indicated that LPS-treated animals exhibited neuronal cell loss and the activation of astrocytes and also increased proinflammatory cytokine interleukin- (IL-) 1β in the hippocampus. Pretreatment with Z. cassumunar markedly reduced neuronal cell loss in the hippocampus. In addition, Z. cassumunar extract at a dose of 200 mg/kg BW significantly suppressed the inflammatory response by reducing the expression of GFAP and IL-1ß in the hippocampus. Therefore, the results suggested that Z. cassumunar extract might be valuable as a neuroprotective agent in neuroinflammation-induced brain damage. However, further investigations are essential to validate the possible active ingredients and mechanisms of its neuroprotective effect.

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