scholarly journals Spatial Structure and Information Transfer in Visual Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winnie Poel ◽  
Claudia Winklmayr ◽  
Pawel Romanczuk
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Visual Observation ◽  
Animal Groups ◽  
Robotic Swarms ◽  
Transmission Of Information ◽  
Visual Interactions ◽  
Macroscopic States ◽  
Group Density

In human and animal groups, social interactions often rely on the transmission of information via visual observation of the behavior of others. These visual interactions are governed by the laws of physics and sensory limits. Individuals appear smaller when far away and thus become harder to detect visually, while close by neighbors tend to occlude large areas of the visual field and block out interactions with individuals behind them. Here, we systematically study the effect of a group’s spatial structure, its density as well as polarization and aspect ratio of the physical bodies, on the properties of static visual interaction networks. In such a network individuals are connected if they can see each other as opposed to other interaction models such as metric or topological networks that omit these limitations due to the individual’s physical bodies. We find that structural parameters of the visual networks and especially their dependence on spatial group density are fundamentally different from the two other types. This results in characteristic deviations in information spreading which we study via the dynamics of two generic SIR-type models of social contagion on static visual and metric networks. We expect our work to have implications for the study of animal groups, where it could inform the study of functional benefits of different macroscopic states. It may also be applicable to the construction of robotic swarms communicating via vision or for understanding the spread of panics in human crowds.

Robots mediating interactions between animals for interspecies collective behaviors

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (28) ◽  
pp. eaau7897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Bonnet ◽  
Rob Mills ◽  
Martina Szopek ◽  
Sarah Schönwetter-Fuchs ◽  
José Halloy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Collective Intelligence ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Robotic Systems ◽  
Animal Groups ◽  
Collective Behaviors ◽  
Cooperative Relationships

Self-organized collective behavior has been analyzed in diverse types of gregarious animals. Such collective intelligence emerges from the synergy between individuals, which behave at their own time and spatial scales and without global rules. Recently, robots have been developed to collaborate with animal groups in the pursuit of better understanding their decision-making processes. These biohybrid systems make cooperative relationships between artificial systems and animals possible, which can yield new capabilities in the resulting mixed group. However, robots are currently tailor-made to successfully engage with one animal species at a time. This limits the possibilities of introducing distinct species-dependent perceptual capabilities and types of behaviors in the same system. Here, we show that robots socially integrated into animal groups of honeybees and zebrafish, each one located in a different city, allowing these two species to interact. This interspecific information transfer is demonstrated by collective decisions that emerge between the two autonomous robotic systems and the two animal groups. The robots enable this biohybrid system to function at any distance and operates in water and air with multiple sensorimotor properties across species barriers and ecosystems. These results demonstrate the feasibility of generating and controlling behavioral patterns in biohybrid groups of multiple species. Such interspecies connections between diverse robotic systems and animal species may open the door for new forms of artificial collective intelligence, where the unrivaled perceptual capabilities of the animals and their brains can be used to enhance autonomous decision-making, which could find applications in selective “rewiring” of ecosystems.

scholarly journals QUANTUM LIMITATIONS ON THE STORAGE AND TRANSMISSION OF INFORMATION

1990 ◽  
Vol 01 (04) ◽  
pp. 355-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
JACOB D. BEKENSTEIN ◽  
MARCELO SCHIFFER
Keyword(s):  
Information Transfer ◽  
Occupation Number ◽  
Information Storage ◽  
Analytic Approximation ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Analytic Proof ◽  
Capacity Theory ◽  
Transmission Of Information ◽  
Quantum Limits ◽  
Natural Channel

Information must take up space, must weigh, and its flux must be limited. Quantum limits on communication and information storage leading to these conclusions are described here. Quantum channel capacity theory is reviewed for both steady state and burst communication. An analytic approximation is given for the maximum signal information possible with occupation number signal states as a function of mean signal energy. A theorem guaranteeing that these states are optimal for communication is proved. A heuristic "proof" of the linear bound on communication is given, followed by rigorous proofs for signals with specified mean energy, and for signals with given energy budget. And systems of many parallel quantum channels are shown to obey the linear bound for a natural channel architecture. The time-energy uncertainty principle is reformulated in information language by means of the linear bound. The quantum bound on information storage capacity of quantum mechanical and quantum field devices is reviewed. A simplified version of the analytic proof for the bound is given for the latter case. Solitons as information caches are discussed, as is information storage in one-dimensional systems. The influence of signal self-gravitation on communication is considered. Finally, it is shown that acceleration of a receiver acts to block information transfer.

scholarly journals Initiation and spread of escape waves within animal groups

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 140355 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Herbert-Read ◽  
Jerome Buhl ◽  
Feng Hu ◽  
Ashley J. W. Ward ◽  
David J. T. Sumpter
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Entire Group ◽  
Centralized Control ◽  
Local Interactions ◽  
Animal Groups ◽  
Fish Schools ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Group Density ◽  
Transfer Of Information

The exceptional reactivity of animal collectives to predatory attacks is thought to be owing to rapid, but local, transfer of information between group members. These groups turn together in unison and produce escape waves. However, it is not clear how escape waves are created from local interactions, nor is it understood how these patterns are shaped by natural selection. By startling schools of fish with a simulated attack in an experimental arena, we demonstrate that changes in the direction and speed by a small percentage of individuals that detect the danger initiate an escape wave. This escape wave consists of a densely packed band of individuals that causes other school members to change direction. In the majority of cases, this wave passes through the entire group. We use a simulation model to demonstrate that this mechanism can, through local interactions alone, produce arbitrarily large escape waves. In the model, when we set the group density to that seen in real fish schools, we find that the risk to the members at the edge of the group is roughly equal to the risk of those within the group. Our experiments and modelling results provide a plausible explanation for how escape waves propagate in nature without centralized control.

scholarly journals Visual sensory networks and effective information transfer in animal groups

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (17) ◽  
pp. R709-R711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariana Strandburg-Peshkin ◽  
Colin R. Twomey ◽  
Nikolai W.F. Bode ◽  
Albert B. Kao ◽  
Yael Katz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Transfer ◽  
Animal Groups

scholarly journals Digital Libraries as Information Source on the Evolution of Telegraph

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri Еvgenievich Polak
Keyword(s):  
Digital Libraries ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Information Source ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Transmission Of Information ◽  
Google Books ◽  
Wireless Telegraph ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Private Collections

The century before last saw revolutionary changes in the transmission of information. For the functioning of the optical telegraph, which appeared at the end of the 18th century, cumbersome towers were necessary for the line of sight of the semaphore signals. One hundred years later, telegraph lines were hundreds of thousands of kilometers long; at the turn of the century, the first experiments with the use of a wireless telegraph began. This is reflected in numerous brochures, books, periodicals of that time. A hundred years later, many of these materials became publicly available thanks to the development of the Internet and electronic libraries, which made the appearance of this work possible. Its goal is to trace the evolution of technologies and processes of information transfer in the 19th century using a wide variety of electronic libraries - from the grandiose projects of the Library of Congress and Google Books with their millions of digitized books to modest private collections dedicated to local topics. Used materials from 20+ electronic libraries.

scholarly journals Optimal Sensor Placement for Spatial Structure Based on Importance Coefficient and Randomness

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haoxiang He ◽  
Honggang Xu ◽  
Xiaobing Wang ◽  
Xiaofu Zhang ◽  
Shaoyong Fan
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Sensor Placement ◽  
Time History ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Optimal Sensor Placement ◽  
Importance Coefficient ◽  
Damage Process ◽  
Vulnerability Theory ◽  
Dynamic Time

The current methods of optimal sensor placement are majorly presented based on modal analysis theory, lacking the consideration of damage process of the structure. The effect of different minor damage cases acting on the total spatial structure is studied based on vulnerability theory in structural analysis. The concept of generalized equivalent stiffness is introduced and the importance coefficient of component is defined. For numerical simulation, the random characteristics for both structural parameters and loads are considered, and the random samples are established. The damage path of each sample is calculated and all the important members on the damage failure path are listed; therefore the sensor placement scheme is determined according to the statistical data. This method is extended to dynamic analysis. For every dynamic time-history analysis, time-varying responses of the structure are calculated by selecting appropriate calculating interval and considering the randomness of structural parameters and load. The time-varying response is analyzed and the importance coefficient of members is sorted; finally the dynamic sensor placement scheme is determined. The effectiveness of the method in this paper is certified by example.

scholarly journals Information transfer in moving animal groups

2008 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Sumpter ◽  
Jerome Buhl ◽  
Dora Biro ◽  
Iain Couzin
Keyword(s):  
Information Transfer ◽  
Animal Groups

Thermodynamics-Inspired Macroscopic States of Bounded Swarms

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Haeri ◽  
Kshitij Jerath ◽  
Jacob Leachman
Keyword(s):  
Collective Behavior ◽  
Ideal Gas ◽  
Virial Equation ◽  
Collective Behaviors ◽  
Robotic Swarms ◽  
Agent Interactions ◽  
Ideal Gas Law ◽  
Macroscopic Properties ◽  
Macroscopic States ◽  
Small Set

Abstract The collective behavior of swarms is extremely difficult to estimate or predict, even when the local agent rules are known and simple. The presented work seeks to leverage the similarities between fluids and swarm systems to generate a thermodynamics-inspired characterization of the collective behavior of robotic swarms. While prior works have borrowed tools from fluid dynamics to design swarming behaviors, they have usually avoided the task of generating a fluids-inspired macroscopic state (or macrostate) description of the swarm. This work will bridge the gap by seeking to answer the following question: is it possible to generate a small set of thermodynamics-inspired macroscopic properties that may later be used to quantify all possible collective behaviors of swarm systems? In this paper, we present three macroscopic properties analogous to pressure, temperature, and density of a gas to describe the behavior of a swarm that is governed by only attractive and repulsive agent interactions. These properties are made to satisfy an equation similar to the ideal gas law and also generalized to satisfy the virial equation of state for real gases. Finally, we investigate how swarm specifications such as density and average agent velocity affect the system macrostate.

STIPA Method in Public Adress Sound Systems and Voice Alarm Systems Part 1: The Theoretical Basis and the Reference Speaker

2014 ◽  
Vol 1082 ◽  
pp. 570-573
Author(s):  
René Drtina ◽  
Jaroslav Lokvenc ◽  
Josef Šedivý
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Communication Model ◽  
Transmission Channel ◽  
Alarm Systems ◽  
Transmission Of Information ◽  
Media Communications ◽  
Flow Of Information

The transmission channel mediates the flow of information (information transfer) between the source and the information received. In terms of examining the technical characteristics of the transmission channel is probably the most widely used model Shannon-Weaver model of communication, in-processes to technical blocks. From the perspective of media communications and generally assess the overall effect of the transmission of information via Lasswell communication model.

Observations of the spatial structure of interstellar hydrogen

1967 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 45-46
Author(s):  
Carl Heiles
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Velocity Dispersion ◽  
Temperature Variations

High-resolution 21-cm line observations in a region aroundlII= 120°,b11= +15°, have revealed four types of structure in the interstellar hydrogen: a smooth background, large sheets of density 2 atoms cm-3, clouds occurring mostly in groups, and ‘Cloudlets’ of a few solar masses and a few parsecs in size; the velocity dispersion in the Cloudlets is only 1 km/sec. Strong temperature variations in the gas are in evidence.

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