The Effect of a Pace Training Session on Internal Load and Neuromuscular Parameters in Taekwondo Athletes

This study aimed to verify the effect of a pace training session at an intensity corresponding to the kick frequency at the anaerobic threshold (KFAT) on the internal load response and motor response performance of the roundhouse kick. Twelve black belt taekwondo athletes underwent two evaluation sessions: (1) performed the progressive specific test for taekwondo (PSTT) to identify the heart rate deflection point (HRDP) and the KFAT; (2) performed three 2-min rounds with a 1-min interval. Heart rate (HR) throughout each round and motor response performance before and after sessions were measured. The Student's T-test or Wilcoxon test was used, and p < 0.05 was adopted. During round 1, a lower internal load was observed (167 ± 10 bpm) compared with HRDP (179 ± 8 bpm; p = 0.035). During rounds 2 (178 ± 10 bpm; p = 0.745) and 3 (179 ± 8 bpm; p = 1), no differences were observed for an internal load and HRDP. Motor response performance showed no differences. However, a potentiation in the post countermovement jump test compared with rounds 1 (p = 0.012) and 2 (p = 0.028) was observed. The internal load (HR) observed at the intensity corresponding to KFAT can be considered in the prescription of training when the aim is to control the internal load responses without inducing fatigue.

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Anaerobic endurance of dance sport athletes

Biomedical Human Kinetics ◽

10.2478/bhk-2020-0018 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 141-148

Author(s):

Szymon Kuliś ◽

Edyta Sienkiewicz-Dianzenza ◽

Romuald Stupnicki

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Interval Training ◽

Accurate Method ◽

Training Process ◽

Specific Test ◽

Training Cycle ◽

Before And After ◽

Post Test ◽

The Impact ◽

Individual Training

SummaryStudy aim: To assess the impact of an ordinary training week cycle lasting 6 months on the anaerobic endurance of dance sport athletes.Material and methods: Two couples of standard style and six couples of ten dance style, aged 14–26 years, of diverse competitive categories (E, D, B, A, S), were subjected to maximum runs 8 × 50 m spaced by 15-s intermissions, before and after half-year training. Running time of every run and post-run heart rate (HR) were measured. The results were expressed as running velocities (m/s) and R-R intervals for heart rates.Results: Velocities were significantly higher in the post-test (5.21 ± 0.21 m/s and 5.57 ± 0.34 m/s for women and men, respectively) than in the pre-test (5.13 ± 0.13 m/s and 5.39 ± 0.24 m/s, for women and men, respectively) (F1,14 = 14.70, p = 0.0018, η2 = 0.51) despite the fact that a significant decrease of speed in each successive run was noted (F7,98 = 82.19, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.85) for all of the participants in the pre-test and post-test.Conclusions: The half-year training cycle of dance sport couples had no significant impact on their anaerobic endurance. It seems that individual training plans should include dancing interval exercises and interval training. The performance index is a useful tool in monitoring the training process and can be used as an accurate method for evaluating the anaerobic predispositions of athletes. It is recommended to develop specific, test-suitable dancing exercises.

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Load monitoring on Pilates training: a study protocol for a randomized clinical trial

10.21203/rs.2.400/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Allysiê P. S. Cavina ◽

Eduardo Pizzo Junior ◽

Aryane Flauzino Machado ◽

Taise Mendes Biral ◽

Carlos Marcelo Pastre ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Randomized Clinical Trial ◽

Scientific Evidence ◽

Training Session ◽

Subjective Perception ◽

Therapeutic Exercise ◽

Load Monitoring ◽

Before And After ◽

Pilates Method

Abstract Background: Currently there are campaigns to raise the awareness of the need to practice some physical exercise with several objectives, mainly as a preventive character. From this perspective, we can see the use of the Pilates method as an instrument of therapeutic exercise for the protection and promotion of health. However, despite being popularly performed, there is still no scientific evidence on the standardization of the use of the method and its progression to an adequate prescription of physical training. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to develop a protocol to monitor the progression of Pilates loads daily between the basic, intermediate and advanced levels, as well as to analyze the effect of the method on the psychometric, cardiorespiratory and autonomic parameters. Methods: there will be a total of 36 sessions of Pilates mat for 32 healthy men. In each training session, initially, cardiorespiratory parameters, pain through the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and a psychometric questionnaire will be collected for the volunteers. Heart rate (HR), subjective perception of effort (SPE), and RR intervals will be measured during the sessions for subsequent use to analyze the progression of the loads by monitoring the internal training load and heart rate variability (HRV), respectively. At the end of the sessions, cardiorespiratory parameters, the VAS, the psychometric questionnaire will be measured again and the participants will only be released after 15 minutes of rest for the final HR analysis and to re-respond to the PSE scale. Before and after the 36 sessions of training, participants will also be evaluated in relation to psychometric, cardiorespiratory, and autonomic parameters. Discussion: this study deserves to be highlighted as it is a parallel randomized clinical trial with standardization of training, with the purpose of monitoring the prescription of loads of the method, as well as verifying its efficacy in clinical, cardiorespiratory, and autonomic outcomes. The easy reproducibility of the protocol from its description, also improves the study, besides providing support for prescribing the method to the professionals involved.

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KADAR KALIUM SERUM PADA LATIHAN FISIK INTENSITAS SEDANG MAHASISWA FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Jurnal e-Biomedik ◽

10.35790/ebm.2.1.2014.3621 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Dewa Agung Brihaspati Raj ◽

Youla A. Assa ◽

Murniati Tiho

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Physical Exercise ◽

Serum Potassium ◽

Potassium Level ◽

Wilcoxon Test ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Extracellular Potassium ◽

Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽

Purposive Sampling ◽

Before And After

Abstract: Excessive body heat while doing physical exercise will be excreted by sweating. Potassium is one of the electrolyte compounds incorporated and washed away together with sweat. In turn, the excessive lost of potassium in sweat can decrease the concentration of extracellular potassium level. Physical exercise can also lead to an increase in serum potassium concentration. The present study was aimed to determine the differences of potassium level before and after physical exercise at moderate intensity at students year 2010 Faculty of Medicine Sam Ratulangi University. Thirty students (27 men and 3 women) were involved in the present pre-experimental study designed with pretest-posttest. Samples were colected using purposive sampling method and analyzed further using wilcoxon test. Data was collected by determine the serum potassium levels before and after moderate intensity physical exercise. Exercise is done in the form of fast walking on a treadmill to maintain heart rate target 64-76 % of maximum heart rate (200 - age) for 30 minutes. The result showed that the average of serum potassium levels before moderate intensity exercise was 4,253±0,3683 mEq/L, and the average of serum potassium levels after moderate intensity exercise was 4,363±0,3908 mEq/L. Wilcoxon test significance values in this study were p=0.110 (p>0,05). It can be concluded that there was no difference of potassium level before and after physical exercise at moderate intensity at students year 2010 Faculty of Medicine Sam Ratulangi University. Keywords: Potassium, Exercise, Moderate intensity. Abstrak: Kelebihan panas tubuh saat melakukan latihan fisik akan dikeluarkan melalui keringat. Kalium merupakan salah satu elektolit yang terkandung dan dapat keluar bersama keringat. Kehilangan kalium yang berlebihan melalui keringat saat melakukan latihan fisik dapat menyebabkan penurunan konsentrasi kalium di dalam serum. Latihan fisik juga dapat menyebabkan peningkatan konsentrasi kalium. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan kadar kalium serum sebelum dan sesudah latihan fisik intensitas sedang pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran angkatan 2010 Universitas Sam Ratulangi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pre-eksperimental dengan pretest-posttest design, dengan jumlah responden 30 mahasiswa (27 laki-laki dan 3 perempuan). Sampel dikumpulkan menggunakan metode purposive sampling dan dianalisis menggunakan uji Wilcoxon. Data dikumpulkan dengan menentukan kadar kalium serum sebelum dan sesudah melakukan latihan fisik intensitas sedang. Latihan fisik yang dilakukan berupa berjalan cepat di atas treadmill dengan mempertahankan target heart rate 64-76% dari heart rate maksimal (200-umur) selama 30 menit. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata kadar kalium serum sebelum melakukan latihan fisik intensitas sedang ialah 4,253±0,3683 mEq/L, dan rata-rata kadar kalium serum sesudah melakukan latihan fisik intensitas sedang ialah 4,363±0,3908 mEq/L. Nilai signifikansi uji Wilcoxon pada penelitian ini ialah p=0,110 (p>0,05). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kadar kalium serum sebelum dan sesudah latihan fisik intensitas sedang pada mahasiswa angkatan 2010 Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi. Kata kunci: Kalium, Latihan fisik, Intensitas sedang.

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Heart-Rate Variability in Elite Synchronized Swimmers

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance ◽

10.1123/ijspp.2018-0538 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 464-471 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mònica Solana-Tramunt ◽

Jose Morales ◽

Bernat Buscà ◽

Marina Carbonell ◽

Lara Rodríguez-Zamora

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Training Session ◽

Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽

Diving Response ◽

Positive Adaptation ◽

Natural Logarithm ◽

Before And After ◽

Training Exercises

Purpose: To determine whether heart-rate variability (HRV) was correlated with other training-load and training-tolerance markers for monitoring the effect of a training session on elite synchronized swimmers. Methods: The authors recorded the resting HRV of 12 elite swimmers (mean age = 21.5 [3.5] y) 3 times over 1 wk with a cadence of 48 h prior to the 2015 World Swimming Championships. They continuously monitored heart rate and obtained salivary cortisol (SC) samples before and after the last training session of the week. The authors measured capillary blood lactate (La) 2, 4, and 8 min after the last training session and monitored recovery HRV. They assessed rating of perceived exertion (RPE) over the entire session and tested the association between the highest La concentration (Lapeak), SC, and RPE and relative changes (Δ%) in the natural logarithm of the root-mean-square successive difference of intervals (LnRMSSD). The authors also calculated the smallest worthwhile change of the averaged pre and post LnRMSSD measurements. Results: There were periods of pronounced bradycardia (60.5 [16.7] beats/min) during training exercises corresponding to apneic exercise. The magnitude-based inferences showed nonclinically meaningful changes of LnRMSSD. Lapeak (6.8 [2.7] mmol/L) correlated positively with Δ%LnRMSSD and Δ%SC (r = .89, P = .001 and r = .61, P = .04, respectively). Conclusions: There was no change in LnRMSSD and Lapeak, Δ%SC, and RPE indicated reduced sympathetic activation and positive adaptation to the stress imposed by the session. Isolated HRV assessment may reveal a controversial interpretation of autonomic nervous system status or the training tolerance in elite synchronized swimming athletes due to the influence of the diving response.

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Load monitoring on Pilates training: a study protocol for a randomized clinical trial

10.21203/rs.2.400/v2 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Allysiê P. S. Cavina ◽

Eduardo Pizzo Junior ◽

Aryane Flauzino Machado ◽

Taise Mendes Biral ◽

Carlos Marcelo Pastre ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Randomized Clinical Trial ◽

Scientific Evidence ◽

Training Session ◽

Subjective Perception ◽

Therapeutic Exercise ◽

Load Monitoring ◽

Before And After ◽

Pilates Method

Abstract Background: Currently there are campaigns to raise the awareness of the need to practice some physical exercise with several objectives, mainly as a preventive character. From this perspective, we can see the use of the Pilates method as an instrument of therapeutic exercise for the protection and promotion of health. However, despite being popularly performed, there is still no scientific evidence on the standardization of the use of the method and its progression to an adequate prescription of physical training. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to develop a protocol to monitor the progression of Pilates loads daily between the basic, intermediate and advanced levels, as well as to analyze the effect of the method on the psychometric, cardiorespiratory and autonomic parameters. Methods: there will be a total of 36 sessions of Pilates mat for 54 healthy men. In each training session, initially, cardiorespiratory parameters, pain through the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and a psychometric questionnaire will be collected for the volunteers. Heart rate (HR), subjective perception of effort (SPE), and RR intervals will be measured during the sessions for subsequent use to analyze the progression of the loads by monitoring the internal training load and heart rate variability (HRV), respectively. At the end of the sessions, cardiorespiratory parameters, the VAS, the psychometric questionnaire will be measured again and the participants will only be released after 15 minutes of rest for the final HR analysis and to re-respond to the PSE scale. Before and after the 36 sessions of training, participants will also be evaluated in relation to psychometric, cardiorespiratory, and autonomic parameters. Discussion: this study deserves to be highlighted as it is a parallel randomized clinical trial with standardization of training, with the purpose of monitoring the prescription of loads of the method, as well as verifying its efficacy in clinical, cardiorespiratory, and autonomic outcomes. The easy reproducibility of the protocol from its description, also improves the study, besides providing support for prescribing the method to the professionals involved.

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Comparison of the Angular Compartment of Hip Flexion Before and After Training in 11 to 12-Year-old Soccer Players.

Journal of Sports and Exercise Medicine ◽

10.14302/issn.2694-2283.jsem-19-2938 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 4-10

Author(s):

Jair Burboa G ◽

Mauricio Inostroza M ◽

Matías Bahamondes F ◽

Paloma Lillo U ◽

Jaime Hinzpeter C

Keyword(s):

Inertial Sensors ◽

Cruciate Ligament ◽

Training Session ◽

Neuromuscular Control ◽

School Students ◽

Acl Injuries ◽

Randomized Clinical Study ◽

Jump Test ◽

Before And After ◽

Hip Flexion

An anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is an important cause of rest in athletes. In most cases, ACL injuries do not require external contact and they are associated with biomechanical risk factors that increase ACL tension. The increase of the hip flexion angle (HF) is included within these. The ACL requires cooperation of the periarticular musculature of the knee, muscle groups, hip stabilizers and CORE muscles; consequently, fatigue caused by exercise would alter the balance and put this ligament at risk. The objective of the study is to determine the angular behavior for HF before and after a physical load (a standardized training) in children between 11 and 12 years old. A non-randomized clinical study was carried out. The sample consisted of 50 soccer school students born between 11 and 12 years old. The angular behavior of HF was compared before and after performing a training session. The angular behavior was measured through the Drop Jump test (DJ), with data obtained by inertial sensors. After the exercise, there was a significant increase in HF. It was concluded that the angular behavior of HF increases significantly in both extremities after training and that preventive measures must be applied for neuromuscular control of the hip.

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The Response to the Training Load in the Aquatic Environment in Terms of the Stimulation of the Reflective Capabilities of Elite Synchronized Swimmers

Acta Facultatis Educationis Physicae Universitatis Comenianae ◽

10.2478/afepuc-2020-0014 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 60 (2) ◽

pp. 170-181

Author(s):

Jana Labudová ◽

Eva Rýzková ◽

Katarína Raichwalderová ◽

Dávid Végh ◽

Miroslava Slaninová ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Aquatic Environment ◽

Training Session ◽

Rank Test ◽

Control Group ◽

Resting Heart Rate ◽

Chi Square ◽

Synchronized Swimming ◽

Before And After ◽

Stimulation Of

SummaryThe youngest swimming sport included in the Summer Olympic Games since 1984 is synchronized swimming. Since the synchronized swimming is still growing popularity and professionalization, it is important to search for ways to improve sports performance. There are few scientific studies focusing also on the biological and motor indicators of top athletes. The present study examined biological and motor variables of elite synchronized swimmers (SYN, N = 13) in ages of 16.5 ± 3.23 years and compare the frequency of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) gene genotypes among elite female synchronized swimmers and the non-athletic control group (CON, N = 30) in ages of 16.0 ± 0.6 years. The motor variables were measured using Optojump system before and after water training session. All measurements were collected by trained data collection staff. The ACE I/D variation differences between groups were identified by Chi-Square test. The results of motor variables obtained were evaluated statistically using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test. The strength of association between selected biological and motor variables was measured by Spearman’s correlation. We provided evidence for significant differences of variation of the ACE I/D polymorphism between observed groups. A significant correlation among biological and motor parameters of SYN was demonstrated among the percentage of fat and the time of reflection (p = 0.042), the basal resting heart rate and the jump height (p = 0.006) and among the basal resting heart rate and the power (p = 0.012). The SYN significantly increased only their contact time in jumping (p < 0.016) after the training session. Based on the results we state that the effect of intervention in the stimulation of the reflective capabilities due to the training session in the aquatic environment was not confirmed in the study.

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Carga interna y externa en el tenis de competición: comparación de tres tipos de entrenamiento (Internal and external load in competitive tennis: comparison of three types of training)

Retos ◽

10.47197/retos.v44i0.90583 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 44 ◽

pp. 534-541

Author(s):

Alberto Rodríguez Cayetano ◽

Óscar Martín Martín ◽

Félix Hernández Merchán ◽

Salvador Pérez Muñoz

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

External Load ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Training Session ◽

Maximum Speed ◽

Internal Load ◽

Heart Rate Monitors ◽

Tennis Players ◽

Rate Of Perceived Exertion ◽

Made In

El objetivo principal de esta investigación es cuantificar la carga externa y la carga interna en tres tipos de entrenamiento (cubos con la mano, cubos con raqueta y peloteos) más utilizados en el ámbito del tenis de competición y compararlos entre sí. Participaron 6 jugadores de tenis (cuatro jugadores masculinos y 2 jugadoras) con una media de edad de 16.67 (± 2.73) años. Para cuantificar las cargas, se han utilizado pulsómetros POLAR +M400 para recoger los datos relacionados con la frecuencia cardíaca, distancia recorrida, velocidad media y máxima, y sensores ZEPP TENNIS, con los que se han recogido los datos relativos a tipo de golpe, número de golpeos y velocidad de raqueta en cada uno de los golpes realizados. Además, para registrar la percepción subjetiva de esfuerzo, en cada tarea realizada y al final de cada entrenamiento, se ha utilizado la Escala de Borg CR-10 (Borg, 1982). Se realizaron 9 sesiones de entrenamiento por parejas: tres para el entrenamiento del drive, tres para el entrenamiento del revés y tres para el entrenamiento del drive y el revés de forma conjunta, una para cada tipo de entrenamiento. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que el entrenamiento de cubos con la mano tiene mayor carga interna en cuanto a número de golpeos y velocidad media de raqueta, siendo el entrenamiento de peloteos el que mayor carga externa refleja en relación a velocidades y distancias recorridas. Abstract. The main objective of this research is to quantify the external load and the internal load in three types of training (buckets with the hand, buckets with racket and rallies) most used in the field of tennis and compare them to each other. Six tennis players participated (four male and two female players) with an average age of 16.67 (± 2.73) years. To quantify the loads, POLAR +M400 heart rate monitors were used to collect the data related to heart rate, distance covered, average and maximum speed, and ZEPP TENNIS sensors were used to collect the data related to type of stroke, number of strokes and racket speed for each of the strokes made. In addition, the Borg CR-10 Scale (Borg, 1982) has been used to record the rate of perceived exertion, in each task performed and at the end of each training session. Nine training sessions were carried out in pairs: three for drive training, three for backhand training and three for drive and backhand training together, one for each type of training. The results obtained show that bucket training with the hand has a greater internal load in terms of the number of strokes and average racket speed, with racket training having the greatest external load in relation to speed and distance travelled.

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Analysis of training loads in the introductory micro-cycle during the phase of specific preparation of wheelchair tennis players

Physiotherapy ◽

10.2478/physio-2013-0032 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Eugeniusz Bolach ◽

Bartosz Bolach ◽

Katarzyna Seniuk

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Training Session ◽

Warm Up ◽

Tennis Players ◽

Sports Clubs ◽

Disability Sports ◽

Older Athletes ◽

Before And After ◽

Training Structure

AbstractIntroduction: Wheelchair tennis is one of disability sports. The training structure is based on the theory of training of able-bodied people but elements of rehabilitation are included. The aim of the study was to present and analyze the training loads during training sessions of the introductory micro-cycle in the phase of specific preparation of wheelchair tennis players.Material and methods: 15 wheelchair tennis players from 5 different sports clubs participated in the study. They were divided into two groups according to their age and length of sports career. Their blood pressure (RR) was measured twice: before and after each training session. Also their heart rate (HR) was recorded at 5 specific moments of the training sessions of the introductory micro-cycle in the phase of specific preparation: - at the beginning of training, after a 10-minute warm-up, peak heart rate during training, at the end of training and after 10-minute restitution.Results and Conclusion: It was found that older athletes had a faster increase in heart rate during a warm-up, on average reached the maximal HR values sooner than the younger athletes, and during restitution their mean HR value decreased more slowly. A faster increase in heart rate during a warm-up and its slower decrease during restitution was observed in athletes with a longer sports career. They also reached maximal HR value later than those with a shorter sports career. The changes in mean HR values during training sessions were slower in the athletes with a higher performance level. Also their heart rate values decreased faster during restitution. The athletes’ mean blood pressure after training was higher compared with its value before training, which indicates that time of restitution was not sufficient or there were few breaks during training.

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EFFECT OF PROGRESSIVE MUSCLE RELAXATION EXERCISE BASED ON ARDUINO UNO ON BLOOD SUGAR, CHOLESTEROL AND URID ACID LEVELS IN THE ELDERLY

Nurse and Health: Jurnal Keperawatan ◽

10.36720/nhjk.v9i2.193 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 211-218

Author(s):

Eqlima Elfira

Keyword(s):

Uric Acid ◽

Blood Sugar ◽

Relaxation Training ◽

Muscle Relaxation ◽

Training Session ◽

The Elderly ◽

Progressive Muscle Relaxation ◽

Wilcoxon Test ◽

P Value ◽

Before And After

Abstract Background:Objectives: This study aims to determine the effect of progressive muscle relaxation training on blood sugar, choleterol and uric acid levels in the elderly in Medan Sunggal sub-district.Methods: This study was an experimental study with one group by examining blood sugar, cholesterol and uric acid levels before and after progressive muscle relaxation training. The research respondents were 39 elderly people in environmental areas II and III of Medan Sunggal sub-district. Blood sugar, cholesterol and uric acid levels were measured before the first session and after the end of the progressive muscle relaxation training session three times a week for 4 weeks.Results: The results were analyzed by using the Wilcoxon test using spss 26. Blood sugar and cholesterol levels have the same measurement results, while the pre and post measurements of uric acid levels have an increase in value which means that there is an effect of progressive muscle relaxation training on uric acid levels with a p value <0.05. . which means that Ha is accepted means that there is a difference between pre and post progressive muscle relaxation training based on Arduino Uno.Conclusion:Progressive muscle relaxation training only affects uric acid levels and has no effect on cholesterol and blood sugar levels in the elderly.

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