scholarly journals ZmACY-1 Antagonistically Regulates Growth and Stress Responses in Nicotiana benthamiana

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongbin Chen ◽  
Junhua Li ◽  
Fuchao Jiao ◽  
Qianqian Wang ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
...  

Aminoacylase-1 is a zinc-binding enzyme that is important in urea cycling, ammonia scavenging, and oxidative stress responses in animals. Aminoacylase-1 (ACY-1) has been reported to play a role in resistance to pathogen infection in the model plant Nicotiana benthamiana. However, little is known about its function in plant growth and abiotic stress responses. In this study, we cloned and analyzed expression patterns of ZmACY-1 in Zea mays under different conditions. We also functionally characterized ZmACY-1 in N. benthamiana. We found that ZmACY-1 is expressed specifically in mature shoots compared with other tissues. ZmACY-1 is repressed by salt, drought, jasmonic acid, and salicylic acid, but is induced by abscisic acid and ethylene, indicating a potential role in stress responses and plant growth. The overexpression of ZmACY-1 in N. benthamiana promoted growth rate by promoting growth-related genes, such as NbEXPA1 and NbEIN2. At the same time, the overexpression of ZmACY-1 in N. benthamiana reduced tolerance to drought and salt stress. With drought and salt stress, the activity of protective enzymes, such as peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) from micrococcus lysodeikticus was lower; while the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and relative electrolytic leakage was higher in ZmACY-1 overexpression lines than that in wild-type lines. The results indicate that ZmACY-1 plays an important role in the balance of plant growth and defense and can be used to assist plant breeding under abiotic stress conditions.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruimei Li ◽  
Yuqing Wang ◽  
Yangjiao Zhou ◽  
Tingting Qiu ◽  
Yu Song ◽  
...  

Abstract Background The calcium (Ca2+)-dependent phospholipid binding protein annexin gene family, which is known to be related to membrane lipid and cytoskeletal components, is involved in a diverse range of biological functions. However, in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), no studies focusing on the roles of annexin genes in response to abiotic stresses, calcium, and hormones have been informed. Results 12 annexin genes were found and assigned to eight chromosomes in the cassava genome. All of the MeAnns contain a typical annexin domain with four 70-amino acid repeats. The MeAnns are classified into six groups in the phylogenetic tree. In their promoter regions, MeAnns possess at least 3 hormone response-related cis-elements and 1 abiotic stress response-related cis-acting element. MeAnn1, MeAnn2 and MeAnn5 exhibit very high levels of expression in each tested organs or tissues. By contrast, MeAnn12 exhibits very low levels in all the tested organs or tissues. qRT-PCR analysis indicates that both MeAnn5 and MeAnn9 have significantly high expression in leaves after cold, drought, and salt treatments and are highly responsive to CaCl2, GA and JA treatments. MeAnn2 and MeAnn10 are significantly downregulated in leaves by cold, drought and salt stress and negatively respond to CaCl2, GA and JA. The expression patterns of MeAnns under cold, drought, and salt stress are irregular in shoots. In roots, MeAnn1 and MeAnn9 are downregulated by cold, CaCl2 and JA treatments, while their other gene expression patterns are irregular. Conclutions In this study, we identified annexin genes in cassava and our expression profiling analysis demonstrated that cassava annexin genes responded to multiple stresses. Our results laid the foundation for further study of the function of cassava anesxin genes and provided an entry point for understanding the response mechanism of cassava to abiotic stress.


2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia He ◽  
Jing-jian Li ◽  
Yuan Chen ◽  
Jia-qi Yang ◽  
Xiao-yang Chen

AbstractThe WRKY gene family is an ancient plant transcription factor (TF) family with a vital role in plant growth and development, especially in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Although many researchers have studied WRKY TFs in numerous plant species, little is known of them in Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum). Based on the recently reported genome sequence of Tartary buckwheat, we identified 78 FtWRKY proteins that could be classified into three major groups. All 77 WRKY genes were distributed unevenly across all eight chromosomes. Exon–intron analysis and motif composition prediction revealed the complexity and diversity of FtWRKYs, indicating that WRKY TFs may be of significance in plant growth regulation and stress response. Two separate pairs of tandem duplication genes were found, but no segmental duplications were identified. Overall, most orthologous gene-pairs between Tartary and common buckwheat evolved under strong purifying selection. qRT-PCR was used to analyze differences in expression among four FtWRKYs (FtWRKY6, 74, 31, and 7) under salt, drought, cold, and heat treatments. The results revealed that all four proteins are related to abiotic stress responses, although they exhibited various expression patterns. In particular, the relative expression levels of FtWRKY6, 74, and 31 were significantly upregulated under salt stress, while the highest expression of FtWRKY7 was observed from heat treatment. This study provides comprehensive insights into the WRKY gene family in Tartary buckwheat, and can support the screening of additional candidate genes for further functional characterization of WRKYs under various stresses.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingping Yuan ◽  
Changwei Shen ◽  
Jingjing Xin ◽  
Zhenxia Li ◽  
Xinzheng Li ◽  
...  

Abstract BackgroundPlant specific YABBY transcription factors have important biological roles in plant growth and abiotic stress. However, the identification of Cucurbita Linn. YABBY and their response to salt stress have not yet been reported. The gene number, gene distribution on chromosome, gene structure, protein conserved structure, protein motif and the cis-acting element of YABBY in three cultivars of Cucurbita Linn. were analyzed by bioinformatics tools, and their tissue expression patterns and expression profile under salt stress were analyzed.ResultsIn this study, 34 YABBY genes (11 CmoYABBYs in Cucurbita moschata, 12 CmaYABBYs in Cucurbita maxima, and 11 CpeYABBYs in Cucurbita pepo) were identified and they were divided into five subfamilies (YAB1/YAB3, YAB2, INO, CRC and YAB5). YABBYs in the same subfamily usually have similar gene structures (intron-exon distribution) and conserved domains. Chromosomal localization analysis showed that these CmoYABBYs, CmaYABBYs, and CpeYABBYs were unevenly distributed in 8, 9, and 9 chromosomes of 21 chromosomes, respectively. Total of 6 duplicated gene pairs, and they all experienced segmental duplication events. Cis-acting element analysis showed that some Cucurbita Linn. YABBYs were associated with at least one of plant hormone response, plant growth, and abiotic stress response. Transcriptional profiles of CmoYABBYs and CmaYABBYs in roots, stems, leaves, and fruits, and CpeYABBYs in seed and fruit mesocarp showed that YABBYs of Cucurbita Linn. had tissue specificity. Finally, the transcriptional profile of 11 CmoYABBYs in leaf and qRT-PCR analysis of CmoYABBYs in root under salt stress indicated that some genes may play an important role in salt stress.ConclusionsGenome-wide identification and expression analysis of YABBYs revealed the characteristics of YABBY gene family in three cultivars of Cucurbita Linn.. Transcriptome and qRT-PCR analysis revealed the response of the CmoYABBYs to salt stress.This provides a theoretical basis for the functional research and utilization of YABBY genes in Cucurbita Linn..


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankita Yadav ◽  
Sanoj Kumar ◽  
Rita Verma ◽  
Shashi Pandey Rai ◽  
Charu Lata ◽  
...  

Abstract Legumes are an indispensable food after cereals with extensive production across the world. The legume production is imposed with limitations and has been augmented by various environmental stresses. The symbiotic relations between legumes and rhizobacteria have been an intriguing topic of research in view of their roles in plant growth, development and various stress responses. Recent advances on gene networks involving plethora of evolutionarily conserved miRNAs have been investigated pertaining to their roles in plant stress responses. The interaction between plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) strain Pseudomonas putida RA, MTCC5279 and abiotic stress responsive miRNAs have previously been studied with roles in abiotic stress mitigation by modulating stress responsive miRNAs and their target genes. The present studyis an investigation involving the role of RA in abiotic stress responsive miR166h for drought mitigation in tolerant desi chickpea genotype. miRNA166 directed cleavage of its target, ATHB15 has been drifted of drought treated plantlets upon RA inoculation using 5´RLM-RACE analysis. Drought stressed chickpea plants when inoculated with growth promoting rhizobacteria, RA, the inverse correlation in expression patterns were noticed in miR166h and its validated target, ATHB15. Tissue-specific expression patterns in 15 days old chickpea seedlings including leaves, shoot and roots when exposed to salinity, drought and abscisic acid at different time points indicated the role of miR166 in different abiotic stress response. In view of the results, validation and functional characterization of such interactions involving stress responsive miRNAs along with microbial stress management techniques could be an important technique for crop improvement.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunzhao Zhao ◽  
Wei Jiang ◽  
Omar Zayed ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
Kai Tang ◽  
...  

Abstract Salt stress is a major environmental factor limiting plant growth and productivity. We recently discovered an important new salt tolerance pathway, where the cell wall leucine-rich repeat extensins LRX3/4/5, the RAPID ALKALINIZATION FACTOR (RALF) peptides RALF22/23, and receptor-like kinase FERONIA (FER) function as a module to simultaneously regulate plant growth and salt stress tolerance. However, the intracellular signaling pathways that are regulated by the extracellular LRX3/4/5-RALF22/23-FER module to coordinate growth, cell wall integrity, and salt stress responses are still unknown. Here, we report that the LRX3/4/5-RALF22/23-FER module negatively regulates the levels of jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA). Blocking JA pathway rescues the dwarf phenotype of the lrx345 and fer-4 mutants, while disruption of ABA biosynthesis suppresses the salt-hypersensitivity of these mutants. Many salt stress-responsive genes display abnormal expression patterns in the lrx345 and fer-4 mutants, as well as in the wild type plants treated with epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), an inhibitor of pectin methylesterases, suggesting cell wall integrity as a critical factor that determines the expression pattern of stress-responsive genes. Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is constitutively increased in the lrx345 and fer-4 mutants, and inhibition of ROS accumulation suppresses the salt-hypersensitivity of these mutants. Together, our work provides strong evidence that the LRX3/4/5-RALF22/23-FER module controls plant growth and salt stress responses by regulating hormonal homeostasis and ROS accumulation.


Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1049
Author(s):  
Salisu Bello Sadau ◽  
Adeel Ahmad ◽  
Sani Muhammad Tajo ◽  
Sani Ibrahim ◽  
Bello Babatunde Kazeem ◽  
...  

Cotton production is hampered by a variety of abiotic stresses that wreak havoc on the growth and development of plants, resulting in significant financial losses. According to reports, cotton production areas have declined around the world as a result of the ongoing stress. Therefore, plant breeding programs are concentrating on abiotic stress-tolerant cotton varieties. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are involved in plant growth, stress responses, and the hormonal signaling pathway. In this research, three abiotic stresses (cold, drought, and salt) were analyzed on GhMPK3 transformed Arabidopsis plants. The transgenic plant’s gene expression and morphologic analysis were studied under cold, drought, and salt stress. Physiological parameters such as relative leaf water content, excised leaf water loss, chlorophyll content, and ion leakage showed that overexpressed plants possess more stable content under stress conditions compared with the WT plants. Furthermore, GhMPK3 overexpressed plants had greater antioxidant activities and weaker oxidant activities. Silencing GhMPK3 in cotton inhibited its tolerance to drought stress. Our research findings strongly suggest that GhMPK3 can be regarded as an essential gene for abiotic stress tolerance in cotton plants.


Author(s):  
Yu Li ◽  
Hao Chen ◽  
Shengting Li ◽  
Cuiling Yang ◽  
Qunying Ding ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Zhao ◽  
Song Chen ◽  
Wenjing Yao ◽  
Zihan Cheng ◽  
Boru Zhou ◽  
...  

Abstract Background The bZIP gene family, which is widely present in plants, participates in varied biological processes including growth and development and stress responses. How do the genes regulate such biological processes? Systems biology is powerful for mechanistic understanding of gene functions. However, such studies have not yet been reported in poplar. Results In this study, we identified 86 poplar bZIP transcription factors and described their conserved domains. According to the results of phylogenetic tree, we divided these members into 12 groups with specific gene structures and motif compositions. The corresponding genes that harbor a large number of segmental duplication events are unevenly distributed on the 17 poplar chromosomes. In addition, we further examined collinearity between these genes and the related genes from six other species. Evidence from transcriptomic data indicated that the bZIP genes in poplar displayed different expression patterns in roots, stems, and leaves. Furthermore, we identified 45 bZIP genes that respond to salt stress in the three tissues. We performed co-expression analysis on the representative genes, followed by gene set enrichment analysis. The results demonstrated that tissue differentially expressed genes, especially the co-expressing genes, are mainly involved in secondary metabolic and secondary metabolite biosynthetic processes. However, salt stress responsive genes and their co-expressing genes mainly participate in the regulation of metal ion transport, and methionine biosynthetic. Conclusions Using comparative genomics and systems biology approaches, we, for the first time, systematically explore the structures and functions of the bZIP gene family in poplar. It appears that the bZIP gene family plays significant roles in regulation of poplar development and growth and salt stress responses through differential gene networks or biological processes. These findings provide the foundation for genetic breeding by engineering target regulators and corresponding gene networks into poplar lines.


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