scholarly journals An Insect- and Rain-Proof Net Raises the Production and Quality of Chinese Bayberry by Preventing Damage From Insects and Altering Bacterial Communities

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyue Yu ◽  
Shengke Tian ◽  
Qianbin Huang ◽  
Jiuzhou Chen ◽  
Yuping Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Sugar Consumption ◽  
Effect Analysis ◽  
Chinese Bayberry ◽  
Acid Ratio ◽  
Proof Nets ◽  
Mineral Transport ◽  
Functional Profiles

Chinese bayberry (Myrica rubra) is a popular, nutrient- and antioxidant-rich fruit in Asia. However, it is susceptible to Drosophila during ripening, which disrupts production and causes economic loss. This study compared the effects of insecticides, insect-proof nets (IPNs), and insect- and rain-proof nets (IRPNs) on Chinese bayberry production and quality. Drosophila was absent in fruits from IPN- or IRPN-treated trees but only significantly reduced by insecticides. IPNs and IRPNs significantly increased fruit diameter, weight, edible rate and the Brix/acid ratio, and IRPNs had the strongest effect. Analysis of 16S rDNA showed that fruits collected from differently treated trees had unique bacterial communities. In IRPN fruits, Acetobacter and Gluconobacter were significantly decreased, reducing sugar consumption and disease; in addition, PICRUSt analysis predicted imputed functional profiles related to carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolism and mineral transport for fruit growth and development. This study proposed the use of IRPNs for improving Chinese bayberry production and quality.

scholarly journals Comparison of Morphological and Physicochemical Properties of a Floury Rice Variety upon Pre-Harvest Sprouting

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 746
Author(s):  
Chae-Min Han ◽  
Jong-Hee Shin ◽  
Jung-Bae Kwon ◽  
Jong-Soo Kim ◽  
Jong-Gun Won ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Starch Structure ◽  
Gelatinization Properties

Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) severely reduces rice grain yield, significantly affects grain quality, and leads to substantial economic loss. In this study, we aimed to characterize the physicochemical properties and processing quality of the Garumi 2 flour rice variety under PHS conditions and compare them with those of the Seolgaeng, Hangaru, Shingil, and Ilpum rice varieties and the Keumkang wheat variety. Analysis of the molecular structure of starch revealed uniform starch granules, increased proportions of short-chain amylopectin in DP 6–12 (51.0–55.3%), and enhanced crystallinity (30.7–35.7%) in rice varieties for flour compared with the Ilpum cooking rice variety. PHS significantly altered the starch structure and gelatinization properties of Garumi 2. It also caused surface pitting and roughness in Garumi 2 starch granules and decreased their crystallinity. Collectively, the findings of this study provide important novel insights into the effects of PHS on the physicochemical properties of Garumi 2 floury rice for flour.

scholarly journals Influence of Non-Saccharomyces Strains on Chemical Characteristics and Sensory Quality of Fruit Spirit

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1336
Author(s):  
Fatjona Fejzullahu ◽  
Zsuzsanna Kiss ◽  
Gabriella Kun-Farkas ◽  
Szilárd Kun
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Sensory Quality ◽  
Alcoholic Beverage ◽  
Sugar Consumption ◽  
Mixed Culture Fermentation ◽  
Organic Acid Production ◽  
Mixed Inocula ◽  
Sensorial Attributes ◽  
Saccharomyces Yeasts

The use of non-Saccharomyces yeasts for alcoholic beverage improvement and diversification has gained considerable attention in recent years. The effect of pure and mixed inocula (of Torulaspora delbrueckii, Lachancea thermotolerans, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on apple mash fermentation has been determined for the production of Hungarian fruit spirit (Pálinka), with a special emphasis on the chemical, volatile, and sensory attributes. The enological parameters were followed during the fermentation process. Sugar consumption and organic acid production were determined by HPLC, whereas the aromatic profile of the distillates was characterized by GC-FID. According to the results, single and mixed cultures showed similar characteristics during mash fermentation. The identified volatile compounds included aldehydes, esters, and higher alcohols. Mixed culture fermentation trials revealed a significantly higher concentration of volatile compounds and better sensorial attributes compared to those exhibited by the pure culture of S. cerevisiae.

Effects of Actinidia yellowing ringspot virus on the yield and quality of kiwifruit

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Wu ◽  
Yicheng Wang ◽  
Jiaxiu Sun ◽  
Yuling Liu ◽  
SHRESTHA SUJATA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Ringspot Virus ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Acid Ratio

China is the origin and distribution center of kiwifruit, as well as the country with the largest cultivated area and output of kiwifruit. A previous study found that a new kiwifruit virus, Actinidia yellowing ringspot virus (AYRSpV), has been detected in kiwifruit samples with yellowed leaves. The incidence of this virus was high in kiwifruit plantings in Shaanxi Province. To determine the symptoms of this viral infection and the effects of this virus on the yield and quality of kiwifruits, we measured leaf chlorophyll levels and the fruit yield, total sugar, total acid and dry matter contents of ‘Hayward’ kiwifruits grafted with AYRSpV-infected scions. The results showed that after AYRSpV infection, symptoms including chlorotic ringspots were mainly observed in the spring and gradually recovered with high summer temperatures. A few of the leaves that did not recover showed symptoms of albinism, which lasted until the leaves fell. We found that AYRSpV infection could reduce the chlorophyll content of ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit by 74.61-76.64%, the fruit yield by 14.50-24.10%, the sugar to acid ratio by 50.09-50.57%, and the fruit dry matter content by 1.67-1.78%. Our results showed that AYRSpV infection could significantly affect the yield and quality of ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit.

scholarly journals Characterization of Streptomyces scabies isolates from potato tubers its pathogenic variations in Rawalpindi District

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
S. Shazia ◽  
F. Naz ◽  
A. Rauf ◽  
M. Inam-ul-Haq ◽  
S. Bushra
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Streptomyces Scabies ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Pathogenic Variation ◽  
Important Disease

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) has various biotic constraints in its production due to pest attack. Among these, common scab caused by streptomyces scabies is an important disease in potato which causes economic loss with respect to plant yield and quality of tubers. The present study was conducted to determine the pathogenicity, pathogenic variation, characterization of morphological, physiological and biochemical aspects of Streptomyces associated with potato tubers grown in Rawalpindi district. Severity data and pathogenic variation of disease was studied by using different isolation and characterization techniques.

scholarly journals Labor Productivity and Foreign Direct Investment in the Indonesian Manufacturing Sector

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luhur Selo Baskoro ◽  
Yonsuke Hara ◽  
Yoshihiro Otsuji
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Effect Analysis ◽  
Positive Externalities ◽  
Random Effect Analysis

This paper investigates the determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflow, focusing on the effect of labor productivity in the Indonesian manufacturing sector. Indonesia has the advantage of abundant labor supply in attracting FDI to bring positive externalities to its economy. Based on this background, this paper is aimed to study and to improve FDI inflow through a random effect analysis of 19 manufacturing industries from 2001 to 2014. The empirical result shows that labor productivity, wages, and export have become significant factors that attract FDI. FDI inflow in this sector tends to target non-labor industries. For the labor-intensive industries, the primary strategy is to increase labor quality through improvement in education, training, internship program, and worker certification. Improving research and development climate, and maintaining the quality of labor through health and social protection regulation can attain improvement in non-labor intensive industries.

Reduction in Environmental Pollution Due to Lockdown in the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 239-255
Author(s):  
Mohammad Arif ◽  
Rajesh Kumar ◽  
Shagufta Parveen ◽  
Kamlesh Kumar Singh ◽  
Jagvir Singh
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Earth System ◽  
National Capital Region ◽  
Yamuna River ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
National Capital ◽  
Matter Concentration

The Indian government imposed a countrywide lockdown on 25 March 2020 to contain the COVID-19 virus. The lockdown has led to a tremendous economic loss because of the closing of all industries and other activities. However, it has brought a brighter side to environmental quality improvement. This study assesses the influence of lockdown on Delhi-NCR's air and water quality. The earth system rejuvenated during the lockdown. An effort is made to understand the water quality of the Yamuna River in Delhi and the air quality of the Delhi-National Capital Region (Delhi NCR) during the lockdown. In the Yamuna River surrounding Delhi, a reduction of 1-10%, 33-66%, 51%, 45-90%, and 33-82%, respectively, in pH, EC, DO, BOD, and COD has been observed compared to the pre-lockdown. Similarly, the particulate matter concentration reduced by 31-53% in PM10 and 22-48% in PM2.5 during the lockdown of 2020 in comparison to the earlier years (2018 and 2019). Hence, the periodic lockdown has positively impacted the air and water quality in Delhi NCR.

Reliability Evaluation for Steam Generator in a Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huang Yi ◽  
Zhang Tian-yi ◽  
Wang Jun ◽  
Yuan Yu-chen ◽  
Dong Xin
Keyword(s):  
Steam Generator ◽  
Fast Reactor ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Latin Hypercube Sampling ◽  
Effect Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Calculation ◽  
Sensitive Factor ◽  
Potential Failure ◽  
Failure Mode Effect Analysis

SG (steam generator) is one of the most important equipment in fast reactors, the experience in design and operation of fast reactor worldwide show that failures of SG occurred frequently and often caused serious consequences, therefore it’s necessary to conduct reliability analysis on SG in design phase. FMEA (Failure Mode Effect Analysis) is used to identify all potential failure modes and filter out main failure modes. Then, qualitative analysis and quantitative calculation are carried out to evaluate main failure modes. Next, reliability of SG can be obtained by conducting Latin Hypercube Sampling. Analysis results show that the leakage probability of SG in 20 years is 0.130 219, and the most sensitive factor is the quality of weld in the junction of tubes and tube plate, and the SG meet its reliability requirement.

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