scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Physiological, Enzymatic, and Transcriptomic Responses Revealed Mechanisms of Salt Tolerance and Recovery in Tritipyrum

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ze Peng ◽  
Yiqin Wang ◽  
Guangdong Geng ◽  
Rui Yang ◽  
Zhifen Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory Networks ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory ◽  
Transcriptomic Responses ◽  
Thinopyrum Elongatum

Salt stress results in the severe decline of yield and quality in wheat. In the present study, salt-tolerant Tritipyrum (“Y1805”) and salt-sensitive wheat “Chinese Spring” (“CS”) were selected from 121 wheat germplasms to test their physiological, antioxidant enzyme, and transcriptomic responses and mechanisms against salt stress and recovery. 56 chromosomes were identified in “Y1805” that comprised A, B, and D chromosomes from wheat parent and E chromosomes from Thinopyrum elongatum, adding to salt-tolerant trait. Salt stress had a greater inhibitory effect on roots than on shoots, and “Y1805” demonstrated stronger salt tolerance than “CS.” Compared with “CS,” the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in “Y1805” significantly increased under salt stress. “Y1805” could synthesize more proline and soluble sugars than “CS.” Both the net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll a/b were affected by salt stress, though the level of damage in “Y1805” was significantly less than in “CS.” Transcriptome analysis showed that the differences in the transcriptional regulatory networks of “Y1805” were not only in response to salt stress but also in recovery. The functions of many salt-responsive differentially expressed genes were correlated closely with the pathways “peroxisome,” “arginine and proline metabolism,” “starch and sucrose metabolism,” “chlorophyll and porphyrin metabolism,” and “photosynthesis.”

Indole-3-butyric acid application mitigates sodium chloride stress in two cotton cultivars differing in salt tolerance

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-488
Author(s):  
A. Tammam
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Total Soluble Sugars ◽  
Electrophoretic Patterns ◽  
Major Constraint ◽  
Sodium Chloride Stress ◽  
Tolerance To Salinity

Soil salinity is a major constraint to food production because it limits crop yield and restricts the use of land previously uncultivated. Breeding for tolerance to salinity in crops has usually been limited by the lack of reliable traits for selection. The mechanism of salt tolerance in two cotton ( Gossypium barbadens L.) cultivars (Giza 70 and Giza 88) and their responses to shoot spraying with 200 ppm m −3 IBA were studied.Treatment with IBA not only improved the growth of salt-affected Giza 70, but also increased the growth of this cultivar up to −2.7 MPa and reduced the inhibitory effect of salinity on photosynthetic pigments.This was accompanied by differences in the accumulation of sucrose and total soluble sugars and in the total available carbohydrate and protein contents. IBA ameliorated the inhibitory effect of salinity on growth, increased the carbohydrate and protein contents of both cotton cultivars and markedly retarded the accumulation of proline and glycine betaine. It resulted in the reduction of Na + accumulation in Giza 70, while in Giza 88 it enhanced the absorption and translocation of K + , resulting in higher K + /Na + ratios in the shoots. There were pronounced differences in the electrophoretic patterns of the proteins in both cultivars under salt stress and IBA treatment.

scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of Wheat Germplasm for Salt Tolerance

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 268
Author(s):  
Xiaoyan Quan ◽  
Xiaoli Liang ◽  
Hongmei Li ◽  
Chunjuan Xie ◽  
Wenxing He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Wheat Genotypes

Salinity is one of the limiting factors of wheat production worldwide. A total of 334 internationally derived wheat genotypes were employed to identify new germplasm resources for salt tolerance breeding. Salt stress caused 39, 49, 58, 55, 21 and 39% reductions in shoot dry weight (SDW), root dry weight (RDW), shoot fresh weight (SFW), root fresh weight (RFW), shoot height (SH) and root length (RL) of wheat, respectively, compared with the control condition at the seedling stage. The wheat genotypes showed a wide genetic and tissue diversity for the determined characteristics in response to salt stress. Finally, 12 wheat genotypes were identified as salt-tolerant through a combination of one-factor (more emphasis on the biomass yield) and multifactor analysis. In general, greater accumulation of osmotic substances, efficient use of soluble sugars, lower Na+/K+ and a higher-efficiency antioxidative system contribute to better growth in the tolerant genotypes under salt stress. In other words, the tolerant genotypes are capable of maintaining stable osmotic potential and ion and redox homeostasis and providing more energy and materials for root growth. The identified genotypes with higher salt tolerance could be useful for developing new salt-tolerant wheat cultivars as well as in further studies to underline the genetic mechanisms of salt tolerance in wheat.

Genetic Potential for Salt Tolerance During Germination in Lycopersicon Species

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R. Foolad ◽  
G.Y. Lin
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Wild Accession ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Plant Introductions ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Stress Levels

Seed of 42 wild accessions (Plant Introductions) of Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium Jusl., 11 cultigens (cultivated accessions) of L. esculentum Mill., and three control genotypes [LA716 (a salt-tolerant wild accession of L. pennellii Corr.), PI 174263 (a salt-tolerant cultigen), and UCT5 (a salt-sensitive breeding line)] were evaluated for germination in either 0 mm (control) or 100 mm synthetic sea salt (SSS, Na+/Ca2+ molar ratio equal to 5). Germination time increased in response to salt-stress in all genotypes, however, genotypic variation was observed. One accession of L. pimpinellifolium, LA1578, germinated as rapidly as LA716, and both germinated more rapidly than any other genotype under salt-stress. Ten accessions of L. pimpinellifolium germinated more rapidly than PI 174263 and 35 accessions germinated more rapidly than UCT5 under salt-stress. The results indicate a strong genetic potential for salt tolerance during germination within L. pimpinellifolium. Across genotypes, germination under salt-stress was positively correlated (r = 0.62, P < 0.01) with germination in the control treatment. The stability of germination response at diverse salt-stress levels was determined by evaluating germination of a subset of wild, cultivated accessions and the three control genotypes at 75, 150, and 200 mm SSS. Seeds that germinated rapidly at 75 mm also germinated rapidly at 150 mm salt. A strong correlation (r = 0.90, P < 0.01) existed between the speed of germination at these two salt-stress levels. At 200 mm salt, most accessions (76%) did not reach 50% germination by 38 days, demonstrating limited genetic potential within Lycopersicon for salt tolerance during germination at this high salinity.

Transcriptional Control of Parturition: Insights from Gene Regulation Studies in the Myometrium

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nawrah Khader ◽  
Virlana M Shchuka ◽  
Oksana Shynlova ◽  
Jennifer A Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Transcriptional Control ◽  
Progesterone Receptors ◽  
Activator Protein 1 ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory Networks ◽  
Regulatory Pathways ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory ◽  
Mechanistic Basis ◽  
Labour Onset

Abstract The onset of labour is a culmination of a series of highly coordinated and preparatory physiological events that take place throughout the gestational period. In order to produce the associated contractions needed for fetal delivery, smooth muscle cells in the muscular layer of the uterus (i.e. myometrium) undergo a transition from quiescent to contractile phenotypes. Here, we present the current understanding of the roles transcription factors play in critical labour-associated gene expression changes as part of the molecular mechanistic basis for this transition. Consideration is given to both transcription factors that have been well-studied in a myometrial context, i.e. activator protein 1 (AP-1), progesterone receptors (PRs), estrogen receptors (ERs), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), as well as additional transcription factors whose gestational event-driving contributions have been demonstrated more recently. These transcription factors may form pregnancy- and labour- associated transcriptional regulatory networks in the myometrium to modulate the timing of labour onset. A more thorough understanding of the transcription factor-mediated, labour-promoting regulatory pathways holds promise for the development of new therapeutic treatments that can be used for the prevention of preterm labour in at-risk women.

scholarly journals Transcriptional Regulatory Networks Associate with Early Stages of Potato Virus X Infection of Solanum tuberosum

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 2837
Author(s):  
Venura Herath ◽  
Jeanmarie Verchot
Keyword(s):  
Potato Virus ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Potato Virus X ◽  
Early Response ◽  
Pathogen Resistance ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory Networks ◽  
Unfolded Protein ◽  
Molecular Pattern ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory ◽  
Protein Response

Potato virus X (PVX) belongs to genus Potexvirus. This study characterizes the cellular transcriptome responses to PVX infection in Russet potato at 2 and 3 days post infection (dpi). Among the 1242 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 268 genes were upregulated, and 37 genes were downregulated at 2 dpi while 677 genes were upregulated, and 265 genes were downregulated at 3 dpi. DEGs related to signal transduction, stress response, and redox processes. Key stress related transcription factors were identified. Twenty-five pathogen resistance gene analogs linked to effector triggered immunity or pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity were identified. Comparative analysis with Arabidopsis unfolded protein response (UPR) induced DEGs revealed genes associated with UPR and plasmodesmata transport that are likely needed to establish infection. In conclusion, this study provides an insight on major transcriptional regulatory networked involved in early response to PVX infection and establishment.

scholarly journals The nuclear receptor HNF4 drives a brush border gene program conserved across murine intestine, kidney, and embryonic yolk sac

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Chen ◽  
Shirley Luo ◽  
Abigail Dupre ◽  
Roshan P. Vasoya ◽  
Aditya Parthasarathy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brush Border ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Apical Surface ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory Networks ◽  
Chromatin Looping ◽  
Multiple Organs ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory Mechanisms

AbstractThe brush border is comprised of microvilli surface protrusions on the apical surface of epithelia. This specialized structure greatly increases absorptive surface area and plays crucial roles in human health. However, transcriptional regulatory networks controlling brush border genes are not fully understood. Here, we identify that hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 (HNF4) transcription factor is a conserved and important regulator of brush border gene program in multiple organs, such as intestine, kidney and yolk sac. Compromised brush border gene signatures and impaired transport were observed in these tissues upon HNF4 loss. By ChIP-seq, we find HNF4 binds and activates brush border genes in the intestine and kidney. H3K4me3 HiChIP-seq identifies that HNF4 loss results in impaired chromatin looping between enhancers and promoters at gene loci of brush border genes, and instead enhanced chromatin looping at gene loci of stress fiber genes in the intestine. This study provides comprehensive transcriptional regulatory mechanisms and a functional demonstration of a critical role for HNF4 in brush border gene regulation across multiple murine epithelial tissues.

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