scholarly journals Lessons From Rojava for the Paradigm of Social Ecology

2022 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cihad Hammy ◽  
Thomas Jeffrey Miley
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Social Ecology ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Property Relations ◽  
North East ◽  
Ecological Society ◽  
Institutional Architecture

This essay addresses two related questions raised by the editors of the research topic for “Beyond the Frontiers of Political Science: Is Good Governance Possible in Cataclysmic Times?” In particular, it explores: 1) how we can identify new tools and perspectives from which to address the multiple and mutually reinforcing problems accumulating around climate change; and 2) what institutional alternatives to the nation-state need to be created and empowered to tackle such complex problems. It does so through an in-depth treatment of the paradigm of “social ecology” and the associated political project of “democratic confederalism.” It begins with an overview of the argument, first advanced by Murray Bookchin and subsequently adopted and adapted by the imprisoned Kurdish leader Abdullah Öcalan, that building an ecological society requires an assault on hierarchy in all its forms, and the construction of alternative, direct-democratic institutions capable of transcending the system of the capitalist nation-state. It sketches the institutional architecture of popular assemblies central to this project, both emphasizing their potential to contest capitalist social-property relations and hierarchies intrinsic to the nation-state and pointing out some sources of resilience of the existing system. It hones in on the experience of the revolutionary forces in control of the Autonomous Administration of North East Syria (AANES), who have been directly inspired by Öcalan’s ideas. It highlights both the AANES’s achievements as well as the significant obstacles it has encountered in the attempt to bring into being a radically-egalitarian, ecological society. It concludes by drawing lessons from these difficulties.

Short-term rainfall forecasts as a soft adaptation to climate change in irrigation management in North-East India

2013 ◽  
Vol 127 ◽  
pp. 97-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashok Mishra ◽  
Christian Siderius ◽  
Kenny Aberson ◽  
Martine van der Ploeg ◽  
Jochen Froebrich
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Short Term ◽  
North East India ◽  
North East

Analysis of smallholder farmers’ vulnerability to climate change and variability in south Wollo, north east highlands of Ethiopia: An agro-ecological system-based approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yimer Mohammed ◽  
Kindie Tesfaye ◽  
Menfese Tadesse ◽  
Fantaw Yimer
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Scale Level ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Micro Scale ◽  
Climate Change And Variability ◽  
North East ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

Abstract Background: Climate change and variability has been significantly affecting the Ethiopian agricultural production and thereby smallholder farmers livelihoods. The level of vulnerability varied across agro-ecological zones (AEZs). Identification of difference in the level of vulnerability of a system is important in selecting appropriate and effective adaption options to climate change. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the level of vulnerability of agricultural communities to climate change and variability at micro-scale level in five agro-ecological zones (AEZs) of south Wollo, north east highlands of Ethiopia. Data was collected from a representative of 502 sample households from five AEZs through multi stage random sampling methods. Focus group discussion and key informant interviews were also carried out to supplement and substantiate the quantitative data. The indicator based approach was used to empirically calculate vulnerability. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to give weight for indicators and generate index of vulnerability contributing factors. Results: The results showed that each of the vulnerability contributing factors (exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity) varied across the AEZs. M3, SM2 and SM3 are the most exposed AEZs but having a relatively better adaptive capacity whereas M1, M2 and M3 are the most sensitive AEZs with relatively low adaptive capacity to climate variability and change. Overall, SM2 is the most vulnerable AEZ which exhibited high sensitivity and low adaptive capacity followed by M1. Conclusions: The study explored sources and levels of vulnerability to each agro-ecology. Since the study is conducted at micro-scale level, it helps decision makers and development partners to have context-specific understanding of the impact of climate change and variability and design appropriate adaptation measures to address the specific situations.

scholarly journals Restructuring, Insecurity and the Challenges of Development in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 155-170
Author(s):  
Davis Efeurhobo ◽  
Christmas Fredrick
Keyword(s):  
Good Governance ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Fair Share ◽  
Effective Governance ◽  
Fair Treatment ◽  
Slow Pace ◽  
Religious Intolerance ◽  
Religious Bias ◽  
High Degree

The macabre of violence orchestrated by high degree of ethnic colouration and religious intolerance gave credence to this research topic. Overtime the Nigeria nation has been besieged by different altercations that have consequently retarded the pace of progress and development of the country. The study which adopted the frustration aggression theory and using the secondary data as a source submits that economic dissatisfaction arising from politics of exclusion, religious bias, leadership problem, insurgency among others have conspicuously created division among people who have agreed under one federating unit to live as one have rather consistently been denied their fair share of the "national cake". Consequently, this has led to bottled up anger, frustration and some level of disenchantment. It is against this backdrop that this paper seeks to interrogate-the nature and dimension of the Nigerian security situation and its slow pace development. The study concluded that the agitations for fair treatment, equal representation, effective governance are basic and necessary ingredients of restructuring that could help guarantee a peaceful co-existence devoid of rancour and acrimony. The study therefore among other things recommended that true federalism, good governance, justice would guarantee security and development in Nigeria. Keywords: Restructuring, Insecurity, Development, Underdevelopment

scholarly journals Managing the Complexity of Climate Change

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shann Turnbull
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Complex Systems ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Institutional Analysis ◽  
Tax Incentives ◽  
Individual Behaviour ◽  
Unit Of Analysis ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Ecological Governance

This paper indicates how the knowledge of complex systems can be put into practice to counter climate change. A contribution of the paper is to show how individual behaviour, institutional analysis, political science and management can be grounded and integrated into the complexity of natural systems to introduce mutual sustainability. Bytes are used as the unit of analysis to explain how nature governs complexity on a more reliable and comprehensive basis than can be achieved by humans using markets and hierarchies. Tax incentives are described to increase revenues while encouraging organisations to adopt elements of ecological governance found in nature and in some social organisations identified by Ostrom and the author. Ecological corporations provide benefits for all stakeholders. This makes them a common good to promote global common goods like enriching democracy from the bottom up while countering: climate change, pollution, and inequalities in power, wealth and income.

scholarly journals Climate Variability and Consequences for Crime, Insurgency in North East Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonaventure N. Nwokeoma ◽  
Amadi Kingsley Chinedu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Excessive Heat ◽  
North East ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
The Social ◽  
Change Events ◽  
Change Impact ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Climate change discussion has primarily focused on the physical manifestation, mitigation, adaptation and finance issues. However, little attention is given to the social consequences of climate change impact especially its relationship to crime in society. Specifically, little or no research has been focused on its impact on crime, especially in developing societies. This study which examined the impact of climate change and its consequences on crime specifically terrorist activities in the Northeast of Nigeria is an effort to fill this research gap. The study adopted a cross-aged design which involves in depth interview of 200 farmers in four selected states of the zone. The outcome is that climate change awareness in the zone is very low. The climate change events identified are rapid desertification, excessive heat and drought. The consequence is that most farmers lost farmlands and agricultural products to these climate change events. Also most of the farmers who are youths were rendered redundant due to the negative impact of these climate events on crops and agriculture. Consequently they engage in alternative activities like menial jobs, while some engage in criminal activities like drug addiction, theft, political thugery, armed robbery, kidnapping and terrorism. They become ready tools for recruitment by Boko-Haram terrorists who are active in the area. It is recommended that massive enlightenment and effective mitigation program should be conducted, youth who are not in school should be convinced to embrace education. Also measures and projects to re-engage the youths back to agriculture should be promoted.

scholarly journals Konsep Nation-State dalam Pemikiran Ideologi Politik Melayu Islam pada Abad Ke-19 M (Studi Pemikiran Abdullah bin Abdul Kadir Munsyi (1787-1854)

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-146
Author(s):  
Andi Chandra Jaya
Keyword(s):  
Social Contract ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
Contract Theory ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Social Contract Theory ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Nation State ◽  
State Management ◽  
The Social

The focus of this study is to answer the subject matter of how the concept of the nation-state according to Abdullah Munsyi in the constellation of Malay Islamic political ideology in the 19th century AD and how is the relevance of the concept of the current Indonesian nation state ? The study used the conscience morale theory of Ernest Renan and the social contract theory initiated by J. J. Roussae. This research is included in the library research category and uses historical approaches and political philosophy. The primary data in this study are Abdullah Musnyi's Hikayat Abdullah book published by Yayasan Karyawan, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia in 2007 and secondary data, in the form of books, journal articles, papers, and others related to research problems. the findings of the research are: 1). In accordance with the theory of conscience morale Ernest Renan and the social contract theory initiated by J. J. Roussae, Abdullah bin Abdul Kadir Munsyi was the originator of nationalism. Through his most important work, Hikayat Abdullah, he put forward the formulation of Malay identity in the formulation of the nation which was understood as a Malay tribe or race who had the right to be involved in determining the Malay political format not as a community under a political system that was authoritarian. 2). His closeness with the British colonial side, thus forming the liberal thinking he obtained from Raffles and his friends. He not only dismantled the manipulation of royal ideology, but at the same time put forward a new view of the existence of a humanist individual. 3). The understanding of nationality has egalitarian values ​​that are very relevant to the current Indonesian context, especially the values ​​of equality (egalitarianism) in the midst of the emergence of conflicts in various conflicts today. Likewise the concept of nation-state is closely related to nationalism and good governance where good governance is based on the absolute existence of transparency, open participation, and accountability in all state activities at every level of state management, so that a clean government is formed. Keywords: Abdullah Munsyi, Nation-State, and Malay Political ideology

Trading space for time: Assessment of tree habitat shifts under climate change using bioclimatic envelopes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Enigl ◽  
Matthias Schlögl ◽  
Christoph Matulla
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Ips Typographus ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Forest Damage ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
North East ◽  
Bioclimatic Variables ◽  
The Future ◽  
Forest District

<p>Climate change constitutes a main driver of altering population dynamics of spruce bark beetles (<em>Ips typographus</em>) all over Europe. Their swarming activity as well as development rate are strongly dependent on temperature and the availability of brood trees. Especially over the last years, the latter has substantially increased due to major drought events which led to a widespread weakening of spruce stands. Since both higher temperatures and longer drought periods are to be expected in Central Europe in the decades ahead, foresters face the challenges of maintaining sustainable forest management and safeguarding future yields. One approach used to foster decision support in silviculture relies on the identification of possible alternative tree species suitable for adapting to expected future climate conditions in threatened regions. </p><p>In this study, we focus on the forest district of Horn, a region in Austria‘s north east that is beneficially influenced by the mesoclimate of the Pannonian basin. This fertile yet dry area has been severely affected by mass propagations of <em>Ips typographus</em> due to extensive droughts since 2017, and consequently has suffered from substantial forest damage in recent years. The urgent need for action was realized and has expedited the search for more robust alternative species to ensure sustainable silviculture in the area.</p><p>The determination of suitable tree species is based on the identification of regions whose climatic conditions in the recent past are similar to those that are to be expected in the forest district of Horn in the future. To characterize these conditions, we consider 19 bioclimatic variables that are derived from monthly temperature and rainfall values. Using downscaled CMIP6 projections with a spatial resolution of 2.5 minutes, we determine future conditions in Horn throughout the 21st century. By employing 20-year periods from 2021 to 2100 for the scenarios SSP1-26, SSP2-45, SSP3-70 and SSP5-85,  and comparing them to worldwide past climate conditions, we obtain corresponding bioclimatic regions for four future time slices until the end of the century. The Euclidian distance is applied as measure of similarity, effectively yielding similarity maps on a continuous scale. In order to account for the spatial variability within the forest district, this procedure is performed for the colder northwest and the warmer southeast of the area, individually seeking similar bioclimatic regions for each of these two subregions. Results point to Eastern Europe as well as the Po Valley in northern Italy as areas exhibiting the highest similarity to the future climate in this North-Eastern part of Austria.</p>

Postgenocide

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Entire Period ◽  
Mass Killing ◽  
Resource Exploitation ◽  
Political Responses

This volume deepens and broadens considerations of genocide’s aftermath. It conceives postgenocide as an approach to study genocide effects after mass killing has ended. In line with an interconnected understanding of past and future, the ‘post’ in postgenocide signifies the entire period following the inception of genocide. Postgenocide implies that the era following genocidal killing is shaped by genocide; hence the necessity of understanding and explaining effects of genocide in moulding realities of societies subjected to cruelty of this heinous crime. Effects given attention in the contributions in this volume vary from various permutations of genocide harms, and legal recourse, after the fact; to scrutiny of the efficacy of the genocide law and prospects of its enforcement; to socio-political responses to genocide—including efforts to recovery and reconciliation; to genocide’s impacts on the victims’ communities and their efforts for recognition and redress; to genocide’s effect on the communities of perpetrators and their attempts to denial and revisionism; to the (re)construction of genocide narratives via the display of victims’ objects in museums, galleries, and archives; to impact of intersections of geopolitical order, climate change, warlordism, and resource exploitation on the re/occurrence of genocide. In doing so, some formerly opaque and overlooked themes and cases are analysed from the standing of several disciplines—such as law, political science, sociology, and ethnography—in the process exploring what these disciplines bring to bear on genocide scholarship and the rethinking of the existing assumptions in the field.

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