scholarly journals Nurturing Grandchildren With Down Syndrome: A Qualitative Study on Grandparents’ Needs Using Digital Tools†

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
María C. Sánchez Gómez ◽  
Rocío Martín-Sevillano ◽  
María V. Martín-Cilleros ◽  
J. J. Mena Marcos ◽  
Francisco J. García-Peñalvo
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Personal Perspective ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Individual Interviews ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Qualitative Phenomenological ◽  
Negative Feelings

Grandparents who have grandchildren with disabilities are an underrepresented group in existing research related to the field. This qualitative phenomenological study’s general purpose is to analyze, from a personal perspective, the situations and needs of grandparents who have grandchildren with Down syndrome. The participants’ ages range from 65 to 85, and the ages of their grandchildren with Down syndrome range from 3 to 21 years. All participants had one grandchild with a disability, except for two, who each had two. A sociodemographic questionnaire was administered, and individual interviews were conducted, using open questions, through phone and/or video calls. An analysis of the participants’ speech was carried out, which implied the development of a system of meta-categories and categories. This analysis was developed manually, given the COVID-19 environment. The results indicate a substantial change from negative feelings caused by the knowledge of the diagnosis to feelings related to positive experiences expressed currently. The participants see themselves as a fundamental source of support (informal, instrumental, practical, social, emotional, and economic) for their families and, mainly, for their grandchildren with Down syndrome. A need for information and training was observed when the grandparents talked about first being informed of the diagnosis and their concerns about the future of these grandchildren and their siblings. They made social demands, such as greater government involvement or more significant opportunities to access resources and rights for their grandchildren. The results are discussed, as are possible future research directions.

scholarly journals Reducibility and Solvability of Some Classes of Kryuchkov Binary Tree Pairs

10.37236/2028 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Madonia ◽  
Giuseppe Scollo
Keyword(s):  
Induction Hypothesis ◽  
Binary Tree ◽  
Binary Trees ◽  
Equal Size ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Theoretic Approach ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Future Research Directions

This paper addresses the problem of characterizing classes of pairs of binary trees of equal size for which a signed reassociation sequence, in the Eliahou-Kryuchkov sense, can be shown to exist, either with a size induction hypothesis (reducible pairs), or without it (solvable pairs). A few concepts proposed by Cooper, Rowland and Zeilberger, in the context of a language-theoretic approach to the problem, are here reformulated in terms of signed reassociation sequences, and some of their results are recasted and proven in this framework. A few strategies, tactics and combinations thereof for signed reassociation are introduced, which prove useful to extend the results obtained by the aforementioned authors to new classes of binary tree pairs. In particular, with reference to path trees, i.e. binary trees that have a leaf at every level, we show the reducibility of pairs where (at least) one of the two path trees has a triplication at the first turn below the top level, and we characterize a class of weakly mutually crooked path tree pairs that are neither reducible nor solvable by any previously known result, but prove solvable by appropriate reassociation strategies. This class also includes a subclass of mutually crooked path tree pairs. A summary evaluation of the achieved results, followed by an outline of open questions and future research directions conclude the paper.

scholarly journals 3D quantum Hall effects and nonlinear Hall effect

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai Li ◽  
C. M. Wang ◽  
Z. Z. Du ◽  
Fang Qin ◽  
Hai-Zhou Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hall Effect ◽  
Condensed Matter ◽  
Quantum Hall ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
New Members ◽  
Quantum Hall Effects ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Hall Effects ◽  
Future Research Directions

AbstractThe classical and quantum Hall effects are important subjects in condensed matter physics. The emergent 3D quantum Hall effects and nonlinear Hall effect have attracted considerable interest recently, with the former elevating the quantum Hall effect to a higher dimension and the latter extending the Hall effect to higher-order responses. In this perspective, we briefly introduce these two new members of the Hall family and discuss the open questions and future research directions.

scholarly journals Siblings’ Influence on the Development of Individuals with Down Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Cuskelly
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Developmental Outcomes ◽  
Sibling Relationship ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Starting Point

This chapter discusses the influences that siblings may have on developmental outcomes of children with Down syndrome including those related to cognition, language, self-regulation, social-emotional functioning, and identity formation. As there is very little research available that addresses sibling influences on individuals with Down syndrome, the literature related to sibling influence within sibships comprising typically developing children has been used to provide a starting point to the discussion. The influential roles of siblings may include teacher; model and social referent; friend and foe; contrast; and advocate, protector, and caregiver. The quality of the sibling relationship may also influence developmental outcomes. The few investigations that have been conducted suggest that siblings make an important contribution to developmental outcomes for individuals with Down syndrome. In conclusion, directions for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals Mechanistic insight into how gonadotropin hormone receptor complexes direct signaling†

2019 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 773-783
Author(s):  
Gillian P Johnson ◽  
Kim Carol Jonas
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Receptor ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Signal Pathways ◽  
Receptor Signaling ◽  
Female Reproduction ◽  
Differential Signal ◽  
Receptor Complexes ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Pka Pathway

Abstract Gonadotropin hormones and their receptors play a central role in the control of male and female reproduction. In recent years, there has been growing evidence surrounding the complexity of gonadotropin hormone/receptor signaling, with it increasingly apparent that the Gαs/cAMP/PKA pathway is not the sole signaling pathway that confers their biological actions. Here we review recent literature on the different receptor–receptor, receptor–scaffold, and receptor–signaling molecule complexes formed and how these modulate and direct gonadotropin hormone-dependent intracellular signal activation. We will touch upon the more controversial issue of extragonadal expression of FSHR and the differential signal pathways activated in these tissues, and lastly, highlight the open questions surrounding the role these gonadotropin hormone receptor complexes and how this will shape future research directions.

The Market, the Firm, and Behavioral Antitrust

2014 ◽  
pp. 538-567
Author(s):  
Avishalom Tor
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Law And Economics ◽  
Individual Behavior ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Antitrust Law ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Enforcement Policy ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Behavioral Evidence

This Handbook chapter examines the main distinct concerns facing the application of empirical behavioral evidence to antitrust law and economics—also known as “behavioral antitrust.” More than many (though not all) other legal fields, antitrust law is primarily concerned with the conduct of firms in markets rather than in individual behavior per se. Yet much of the empirical evidence that behavioral antitrust draws on concerns individual behavior outside the firm, often in nonmarket settings. Hence besides adducing additional, direct empirical evidence on behavioral phenomena within firms and markets, there is a need to determine when and how the behavioral evidence on human judgment and decision behavior more generally is informative for antitrust. To this end, the chapter considers the ways in which markets and firms shape behavior. Direct evidence and theoretical analysis both reveal these institutions variously to facilitate rationality and deviations from it. After illustrating the implications of the complex interaction among markets, firms, and the rationality of antitrust actors across different areas of the law and enforcement policy, the chapter concludes by sketching some important open questions and future research directions in behavioral antitrust.

Intermediate Representations for Explicitly Parallel Programs

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Adilla Susungi ◽  
Claude Tadonki
Keyword(s):  
Programming Languages ◽  
Parallel Programming ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Parallel Programs ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
Sequential Programs ◽  
Software Support ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Future Research Directions

While compilers generally support parallel programming languages and APIs, their internal program representations are mostly designed from the sequential programs standpoint (exceptions include source-to-source parallel compilers, for instance). This makes the integration of compilation techniques dedicated to parallel programs more challenging. In addition, parallelism has various levels and different targets, each of them with specific characteristics and constraints. With the advent of multi-core processors and general purpose accelerators, parallel computing is now a common and pervasive consideration. Thus, software support to parallel programming activities is essential to make this technical transition more realistic and beneficial. The case of compilers is fundamental as they deal with (parallel) programs at a structural level, thus the need for intermediate representations. This article surveys and discusses attempts to provide intermediate representations for the proper support of explicitly parallel programs. We highlight the gap between available contributions and their concrete implementation in compilers and then exhibit possible future research directions.

scholarly journals On the properties of spectral effect algebras

Quantum ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Jenčová ◽  
Martin Plávala
Keyword(s):  
Effect Algebra ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Effect Algebras ◽  
Direct Products ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
State Spaces ◽  
Spectral Decompositions ◽  
Spectral Effect ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Future Research Directions

The aim of this paper is to show that there can be either only one or uncountably many contexts in any spectral effect algebra, answering a question posed in [S. Gudder, Convex and Sequential Effect Algebras, (2018), arXiv:1802.01265]. We also provide some results on the structure of spectral effect algebras and their state spaces and investigate the direct products and direct convex sums of spectral effect algebras. In the case of spectral effect algebras with sharply determining state space, stronger properties can be proved: the spectral decompositions are essentially unique, the algebra is sharply dominating and the set of its sharp elements is an orthomodular lattice. The article also contains a list of open questions that might provide interesting future research directions.

scholarly journals An Overview of Classroom Composition Research on Social-Emotional Outcomes: Introduction to the Special Issue

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph M. Müller ◽  
Carmen L. A. Zurbriggen
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Classroom Composition ◽  
Emotional Outcomes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Social Emotional Outcomes

Classroom composition research on social-emotional outcomes (CCRSO) aims to systematically explore how characteristics of classmates are related to the social-emotional outcomes of children and adolescents. In this introduction to the special issue, we first provide an overview of the scientific roots of CCRSO. We then develop a conceptualization of research areas typically of interest in CCRSO, which comprises 4 different fields of inquiry. Based on this, an overview on exemplary studies in these areas of research is given. Finally, we provide an introduction to methodological approaches and current challenges of CCRSO. We end with a brief discussion on potential future research directions.

Experiments on and Numerical Modeling of the Capture and Concentration of Transcription-Translation Machinery inside Vesicles

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Mavelli ◽  
Pasquale Stano
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Vesicles ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Partition Functions ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Synthetic Cells ◽  
Measurable Rate ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Minimal Cells ◽  
Fundamental Physical

Synthetic or semi-synthetic minimal cells are those cell-like artificial compartments that are based on the encapsulation of molecules inside lipid vesicles (liposomes). Synthetic cells are currently used as primitive cell models and are very promising tools for future biotechnology. Despite the recent experimental advancements and sophistication reached in this field, the complete elucidation of many fundamental physical aspects still poses experimental and theoretical challenges. The interplay between solute capture and vesicle formation is one of the most intriguing ones. In a series of studies, we have reported that when vesicles spontaneously form in a dilute solution of proteins, ribosomes, or ribo-peptidic complexes, then, contrary to statistical predictions, it is possible to find a small fraction of liposomes (<1%) that contain a very large number of solutes, so that their local (intravesicular) concentrations largely exceed the expected value. More recently, we have demonstrated that this effect (spontaneous crowding) operates also on multimolecular mixtures, and can drive the synthesis of proteins inside vesicles, whereas the same reaction does not proceed at a measurable rate in the external bulk phase. Here we firstly introduce and discuss these already published observations. Then, we present a computational investigation of the encapsulation of transcription-translation (TX-TL) machinery inside vesicles, based on a minimal protein synthesis model and on different solute partition functions. Results show that experimental data are compatible with an entrapment model that follows a power law rather than a Gaussian distribution. The results are discussed from the viewpoint of origin of life, highlighting open questions and possible future research directions.

scholarly journals Are we missing the boat? Examining managers’ perspectives on employee wellbeing in the foodservice industry

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
Bingjie Liu-Lastres ◽  
Han Wen
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Support ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Individual Interviews ◽  
Employee Wellbeing ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Foodservice Industry ◽  
Upper Level

The purpose of this research note was to examine managers’ perspectives on employee wellbeing in the foodservice industry. Particularly, this study conducted 14 semi-structured individual interviews with upper-level managers of various organizations within the foodservice industry. Thematic analyses were employed to analyze the data. The overall findings addressed the essence of considering employee wellbeing in the industry. Particularly, this study revealed managers’ interpretation of employee wellbeing, identified major influences on employee wellbeing, reported the current measures, and presented the major challenges facing most organizations regarding improving employee wellbeing. From a theoretical point of view, this study used a qualitative approach and reflected managers’ perspectives on the concept of employee wellbeing. Building on those findings, this study provides practical implications, which mainly involves using a forward-thinking, top-down approach to enhance employee wellbeing, and highlights the roles of organizational support and organizational culture. Based on the findings, this study also discusses future research directions and limitations.

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