scholarly journals Elites Do Not Deplete – No Effect of Prior Mental Exertion on Subsequent Shooting Performance in Elite Shooters

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Englert ◽  
Anna Dziuba ◽  
Louis-Solal Giboin ◽  
Wanja Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Impaired Performance ◽  
Mixed Effect Models ◽  
Control Strength ◽  
Control Resource ◽  
Mental Exertion ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Linear Mixed Effect Models

In order to perform at the highest level, elite shooters have to remain focused during the whole course of a tournament, which regularly lasts multiple hours. Investing self-control over extended time periods is often associated with lower levels of perceived self-control strength (i.e., the subjective estimation of how much mental effort one is capable of investing in a given task) and impaired performance in several sports-related domains. However, previous findings on the effects of prior self-control efforts on shooting performance have been mixed, as elite shooters seem to be less affected by preceding self-control demanding tasks than sub-elite athletes. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of self-control on shooting performance in elite shooters. Hence, we randomly assigned elite shooters to an experimental (n = 12) or a control condition (n = 11) and asked them to perform a series of 40 shots at baseline (T1) and again after a task which either did or did not require self-control (T2). Additionally, we continuously measured the shooters’ level of perceived self-control strength. We assumed that in elite athletes, shooting accuracy as well as the perceived level of self-control strength would not be significantly affected over time from T1 to T2 in both conditions. In line with our assumptions, Bayesian linear mixed effect models revealed that shooting performance remained relatively stable in both conditions over time and the conditions also did not differ significantly in their perceived levels of self-control strength. Contrary to resource-based theories of self-control, these results speak against the idea of a limited self-control resource as previous acts of self-control did not impair subsequent shooting performance in elite athletes.

Impact of autologous stem cell transplant in myeloma patients on renal function and overall survival.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e19535-e19535
Author(s):  
Ala Abudayyeh ◽  
Maen Abdelrahim ◽  
Heather Y. Lin ◽  
Rima Saliba ◽  
Charles Martinez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Autologous Stem Cell Transplant ◽  
Cell Transplant ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Mixed Effect Models ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Linear Mixed Effect Models

e19535 Background: Renal impairment has been negatively associated with progression free survival and overall survival in patients diagnosed with multiple myeloma (MM). Autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) has become a standard of care for treatment in MM. Most previous studies have assessed the safety of ASCT and the improvement in renal function in patients with MM. However, a critical question about renal function over time, and its impact on survival after ASCT has rarely been addressed. In our study we sought to understand how renal function was impacted over time, the predictors of renal function, and overall survival after ASCT. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of all MM patients who underwent ASCT at MDACC from January1, 2008 through December 31, 2013. A total of 885 none dialysis patients who received Melphalan alone as the conditioning regimen were identified. We collected demographic information, ISS stage, and disease status at time of transplant and at last follow up. Creatinine, GFR (calculated using CKD Epi equation), calcium, and LDH were also collected at day 0, 100, 180, & 365. Given the longitudinal nature of the data, linear mixed effect models were used to study the change of GFR over time. A joint model approach for longitudinal and survival data was used to assess association between overall survival and GFR with patient’s age at transplant, ISS, disease status, disease risk category and response to treatment prior to transplant included in the linear mixed effect models and hazard models. As sensitivity analyses, landmark analyses were conducted with day 0, 100, 180, and 365 days post-transplant as landmark time points. Results: Patients’ GFR at post-transplant time points were significantly higher (p ≤ 0.025) compared to the day of ASCT. A higher ISS stage at diagnosis was significantly associated with a lower GFR (p < .0001) at all stages of chronic kidney disease. Specifically, compared to the patients with ISS stage I, those with ISS stage II or higher had lower GFR across all time points (p ≤ .0003). GFR value was not significantly associated with OS in any of the analyses described above. In contrast, disease status, ISS stage, response to induction prior to SCT were all associated with shorter OS. Conclusions: The study demonstrates in a large cohort and in a longitudinal manner that MM patients who underwent ASCT did not have further decline in GFR over time. In addition, GFR was strongly associated with ISS stage. As far as OS, MM-related factors significantly impacted the survival while GFR did not.

Association of fine particulate matter with glucose and lipid metabolism: a longitudinal study in young adults

2021 ◽  
pp. oemed-2020-107039
Author(s):  
Jingyi Qin ◽  
Wei Xia ◽  
Gaodao Liang ◽  
Shunqing Xu ◽  
Xiuge Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Glucose And Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Mixed Effect Models ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Linear Mixed Effect Models

ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate whether PM2.5 exposure in a highly polluted area (>100 µg/m3) affects glucose and lipid metabolism in healthy adults.MethodsWe recruited 110 healthy adults in Baoding city, Hebei, China, and followed them up between 2017 and 2018. Personal air samplers were used to monitor personal PM2.5 levels. Eight glucose and lipid metabolism parameters were quantified. We performed the linear mixed-effect models to investigate the relationships between PM2.5 and glucose and lipid metabolism parameters. Stratified analyses were further performed according to sex and body mass index (BMI).ResultsThe concentration of PM2.5 was the highest in spring, with a median of 232 μg/m3 and the lowest in autumn (139 μg/m3). After adjusting for potential confounders, we found that for each twofold increase in PM2.5, the median of insulin concentration decreased by 5.89% (95% CI −10.91% to −0.58%; p<0.05), and ox-LDL increased by 6.43% (95% CI 2.21% to 10.82%; p<0.05). Stratified analyses indicated that the associations were more pronounced in females, overweight and obese participants.ConclusionsExposure to high PM2.5 may have deleterious effects on glucose and lipid metabolism. Females, overweight and obese participants are more vulnerable.

scholarly journals Changes in the biomass of scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) trees in Europe since 1940

2021 ◽  
pp. 6-22
Author(s):  
А.В. Лебедев ◽  
В.В. Кузьмичев
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Pine Tree ◽  
Mixed Effect Models ◽  
The Face ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Linear Mixed Effect Models

Сосна обыкновенная является одной из основных лесообразующих пород Европы, а ее древесина находит широкое применение в лесопромышленном комплексе. При оценке углерододепонирующих функций считается, что конверсионные коэффициенты являются константными по времени. Последние исследования показывают, что происходящие климатические изменения оказывают существенное влияние на прирост древесины и ее свойства. Цель данного исследования – выявление долговременных тенденций в изменении биомассы фракций деревьев сосны обыкновенной в Европе, происходящих с 1940 г. Для проверки гипотезы о влиянии календарного года на биомассу фракций деревьев проводился регрессионный анализ с применением линейных моделей смешанных эффектов. Проведенный статистический анализ позволил выявить достоверное влияние (при p < 0,05) календарного года только на биомассу стволов в коре. Наиболее сильно изменения проявляются для деревьев в молодняках и средневозрастных насаждениях, где происходит формирование наибольшего радиального прироста. Для крупномерных стволов, согласно результатам моделирования, снижение биомассы стволов в коре не прослеживается. В ближайшие десятилетия в результате продолжающихся климатических изменений процесс снижения биомассы и плотности древесины крупномерных стволов должен усилиться. Выявленные изменения биомассы сопровождаются снижением плотности древесины, что происходит в результате увеличения в структуре годичного прироста более рыхлой и менее плотной ранней древесины. Таким образом, в условиях ускоряющихся темпов роста древесных растений объемы стволов и запасы древесины не должны напрямую пересчитываться в депонированный углерод с учетом исторических значений конверсионных коэффициентов. Это также следует учитывать при мониторинге, моделировании и использовании углерода и биомассы в лесах в условиях глобальных изменений. Scots pine is one of the main forest-forming species in Europe, and its wood is widely used in the timber industry. When evaluating carbon-depositing functions, the conversion rations are assumed to be constant over time. Recent studies show that the ongoing climatic changes have a significant impact on the growth of trees and wood properties. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify long-term trends in the change in the biomass of Scots pine tree fractions in Europe since 1940. To test the hypothesis about the influence of the calendar year on the biomass of tree fractions, regression analysis was performed using linear mixed-effect models. The performed statistically analysis made it possible to reveal a significant effect (p < 0.05) of the calendar year only on the biomass of the trunks in the bark. The changes are most pronounced for trees in young and middle-aged stands, where the formation of the greatest radial growth occurs. For large-sized trunks, according to the simulation results, the biomass of the stems in the bark is not traced. In the coming decades, as a result of ongoing climate change, the decline in biomass and wood density of largesized stems should intensify. The revealed changes in biomass are accompanied by a decrease in wood density, which occurs as a result of an increase in the structure of the annual growth of looser and less dense early wood. Thus, in the context of accelerating growth rates of woody plants, the volume of trunks and wood stock should not be directly converted into deposited carbon, considering the historical values of conversion rations. This should also be considered when monitoring, modeling and using carbon and biomass in forests in the face of global change.

scholarly journals The role of incubator classification on performance of incubators in Kenya.

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 256-267
Author(s):  
Miriti Jane Kinya ◽  
Kenneth Lawrance Wanjau ◽  
Nyagweth Ebenezer Odeyo
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Mixed Effect Models ◽  
Random Slopes ◽  
Linear Mixed Effect Models

The study sought to assess the importance of classifying incubators based on the programs offered for optimum performance. Client selection criteria were assessed through three constructs namely: models that fit program goals, uniqueness of ideas, and standard selection tool. A mixed cross-sectional and causal design was adopted and a census was carried out targeting all the 51 incubators. Primary data was collected with an incubator program as a grouping/ cluster variable yielding a multilevel data structure with incubator centres nested in programs. Linear mixed effect models were fitted using Stata to assess the study objective taking into account the fixed effects for the incubator centre level (level-1) and random effects for the program level (level-2). The uniqueness of ideas was found to have a significant fixed effect on performance at level one while at level two, the study found significant random intercepts of incubator centre performance across the programs. Models that match program goals and standard selection tools were also found to have significant random slopes as level two random covariates in the model. Based on the findings of significant random slopes, the study concluded that incubator classification is key for client selection criteria and enhances incubator performance.

scholarly journals Relationship between β-amyloid and structural network topology in decedents without dementia

Neurology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. e532-e544
Author(s):  
Laura E. Jonkman ◽  
Martijn D. Steenwijk ◽  
Nicky Boesen ◽  
Annemieke J.M. Rozemuller ◽  
Frederik Barkhof ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Network Topology ◽  
Pathologic Change ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Linear Mixed Effect ◽  
Local Efficiency ◽  
Mixed Effect Models ◽  
Global Efficiency ◽  
Structural Network ◽  
Β Amyloid ◽  
Linear Mixed Effect Models

ObjectiveTo investigate the association between β-amyloid (Aβ) load and postmortem structural network topology in decedents without dementia.MethodsFourteen decedents (mean age at death 72.6 ± 7.2 years) without known clinical diagnosis of neurodegenerative disease and meeting pathology criteria only for no or low Alzheimer disease (AD) pathologic change were selected from the Normal Aging Brain Collection Amsterdam database. In situ brain MRI included 3D T1-weighted images for anatomical registration and diffusion tensor imaging for probabilistic tractography with subsequent structural network construction. Network topologic measures of centrality (degree), integration (global efficiency), and segregation (clustering and local efficiency) were calculated. Tissue sections from 12 cortical regions were sampled and immunostained for Aβ and hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau), and histopathologic burden was determined. Linear mixed effect models were used to assess the relationship between Aβ and p-tau load and network topologic measures.ResultsAβ was present in 79% of cases and predominantly consisted of diffuse plaques; p-tau was sparsely present. Linear mixed effect models showed independent negative associations between Aβ load and global efficiency (β = −0.83 × 10−3, p = 0.014), degree (β = −0.47, p = 0.034), and clustering (β = −0.55 × 10−2, p = 0.043). A positive association was present between Aβ load and local efficiency (β = 3.16 × 10−3, p = 0.035). Regionally, these results were significant in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) for degree (β = −2.22, p < 0.001) and local efficiency (β = 1.01 × 10−2, p = 0.014) and precuneus for clustering (β = −0.91 × 10−2, p = 0.017). There was no relationship between p-tau and network topology.ConclusionThis study in deceased adults with AD-related pathologic change provides evidence for a relationship among early Aβ accumulation, predominantly of the diffuse type, and structural network topology, specifically of the PCC and precuneus.

scholarly journals Modelling subject-specific childhood growth using linear mixed-effect models with cubic regression splines

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura M. Grajeda ◽  
Andrada Ivanescu ◽  
Mayuko Saito ◽  
Ciprian Crainiceanu ◽  
Devan Jaganath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Splines ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Childhood Growth ◽  
Linear Mixed Effect ◽  
Mixed Effect Models ◽  
Subject Specific ◽  
Linear Mixed Effect Models

Snails on oceanic islands: testing the general dynamic model of oceanic island biogeography using linear mixed effect models

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. D. Cameron ◽  
Kostas A. Triantis ◽  
Christine E. Parent ◽  
François Guilhaumon ◽  
María R. Alonso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Island Biogeography ◽  
Oceanic Islands ◽  
Oceanic Island ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Linear Mixed Effect ◽  
Mixed Effect Models ◽  
Linear Mixed Effect Models ◽  
General Dynamic

scholarly journals Mate Availability and Sexual Disgust

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtney L. Crosby ◽  
Patrick Durkee ◽  
Anna Sedlacek ◽  
David M. Buss
Keyword(s):  
Mate Choice ◽  
Mate Selection ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Relationship Status ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Mate Availability ◽  
Mixed Effect Models ◽  
Sexual Disgust ◽  
Linear Mixed Effect Models

Objective: One of the factors that sexual disgust should be calibrated to is the size of the mating pool. Previous research provides evidence that low mate availability affects perceptions related to mate choice. However, methodological shortcomings leave the role of sexual disgust in facilitating mate selection unclear. We will examine whether perceptions of mate availability explain variance in levels of sexual disgust towards potential mates.Methods: Participants (N = 1,000) will rate how sexually disgusting they find 60 potential mates that have previously been rated on attractiveness by a separate group of raters. We will measure participants’ perceptions of mate availability in their local environment, self-perceived attractiveness and mate value, and relevant control variables (e.g., age, relationship status). Results: We will use linear mixed effect models to examine (1) the association between sexual disgust towards potential mates and perceived mate availability; (2) the sex difference in sexual disgust; (3) the association between targets’ attractiveness and raters’ sexual disgust; and (4) whether perceived mate availability moderates the association between sexual disgust and targets’ attractiveness. Conclusions: This study will test perceptions of mate availability as an input into the calibration of sexual disgust. The results will clarify the magnitude of mate availability perceptions on mate choice.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document