scholarly journals Aging Does Not Enhance Social Contagion Effect

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana Carnero-Sierra ◽  
Julio Menor
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Recall Test ◽  
False Memories ◽  
Word List ◽  
Social Contagion ◽  
Contagion Effect ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
The Social ◽  
Physical Presence ◽  
Presentation Time

Studies on the social contagion of memory show that it is possible to create false memories from the wrong responses from other people without requiring their physical presence. The current study examined age differences between false memories via the modified social contagion paradigm. Twenty older and twenty younger adults were shown six household scenes and were exposed to the erroneous memory reports of an implied confederate who was not physically present. The presentation time of the scenes and the typicality of the contagion items were manipulated. The participants watched each scene individually and then took turns giving their recall responses with the responses belonging to a fictional participant provided by written cards. The results in a final individual recall test indicated a significant contagion effect in both groups of participants. Additionally, an effect of the typicality of the contagion items was observed, such that the more typical items produced more contagion than the less typical items. In relation to true recall, the older adults remembered significantly fewer items from the scenes than the younger ones and obtained a lower score in the word list subtest of the Weschler Memory Scale. Although the older group had an episodic memory deficit, they were not more susceptible to being affected by the wrong responses of other people than younger group.

Age Differences in the Social Associative Learning of Trust Information

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kendra Leigh Seaman ◽  
Alexander P. Christensen ◽  
Katherine Senn ◽  
Jessica Cooper ◽  
Brittany Shane Cassidy
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Social Cues ◽  
Trust Game ◽  
Time Model ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Cortical Areas ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Social ◽  
Over Time

Trust is a key component of social interaction. Older adults, however, often exhibit excessive trust relative to younger adults. One explanation is that older adults may learn to trust differently than younger adults. Here, we examine how younger (N=33) and older adults (N=30) learn to trust over time. Participants completed a classic iterative trust game with three partners. Younger and older adults shared similar amounts but differed in how they shared money. Compared to younger adults, older adults invested more with untrustworthy partners and less with trustworthy partners. As a group, older adults displayed less learning than younger adults. However, computational modeling shows that this is because older adults are more likely to forget what they have learned over time. Model-based fMRI analyses revealed several age-related differences in neural processing. Younger adults showed prediction error signals in social processing areas while older adults showed over-recruitment of several cortical areas. Collectively, these findings suggest that older adults attend to and learn from social cues differently from younger adults.

scholarly journals Understanding the Social Contagion Effect of Safety Violations within a Construction Crew: A Hybrid Approach Using System Dynamics and Agent-Based Modeling

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 2696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huakang Liang ◽  
Ken-Yu Lin ◽  
Shoujian Zhang
Keyword(s):  
System Dynamics ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Agent Based Modeling ◽  
Social Contagion ◽  
Contagion Effect ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
The Social

Previous research has recognized the importance of eliminating safety violations in the context of a social group. However, the social contagion effect of safety violations within a construction crew has not been sufficiently understood. To address this deficiency, this research aims to develop a hybrid simulation approach to look into the cognitive, social, and organizational aspects that can determine the social contagion effect of safety violations within a construction crew. The hybrid approach integrates System Dynamics (SD) and Agent-based Modeling (ABM) to better represent the real world. Our findings show that different interventions should be employed for different work environments. Specifically, social interactions play a critical role at the modest hazard levels because workers in this situation may encounter more ambiguity or uncertainty. Interventions related to decreasing the contagion probability and the safety–productivity tradeoff should be given priority. For the low hazard situation, highly intensive management strategies are required before the occurrence of injuries or accidents. In contrast, for the high hazard situation, highly intensive proactive safety strategies should be supplemented by other interventions (e.g., a high safety goal) to further control safety violations. Therefore, this research provides a practical framework to examine how specific accident prevention measures, which interact with workers or environmental characteristics (i.e., the hazard level), can influence the social contagion effect of safety violations.

Message Repetition Improves Older and Younger Adult Memory for Appointment Information: Implications for Automated Telephone Messaging

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 1367-1367
Author(s):  
Daniel G. Morrow ◽  
Von O. Leirer ◽  
Lisa M. Carver ◽  
Elizabeth Decker Tanke
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Free Recall ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Additional Processing ◽  
Presentation Time ◽  
Message System ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Answering Questions

Automated telephone messaging systems have dramatically expanded communication about health services. However, few studies have investigated the design of these messages. Our earlier research examined the impact of organization and length on age differences in memory for appointment messages delivered by an automated telephone messaging system. The present study investigated if message repetition (0, 1, 2 repetitions) improved older (mean age=71) and younger (mean age=19) adult memory for appointment messages that varied in length. One message repetition reduced age differences for answering questions about the messages, but did not reduce age differences for a free recall measure, suggesting that older adults only took differential advantage of increased presentation time when they were also provided additional retrieval support. Younger but not older participants also benefitted from a second repetition of the messages. Younger adults may better monitor ongoing comprehension and gauge what additional processing is needed to take advantage of repeated presentations. The present findings show that older as well as younger adults benefit from at least one repetition of appointment messages delivered by an automated message system, suggesting that repetition can be an important feature of automated telephone messaging systems for both older and younger clients.

Age differences in emotion perception

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 597-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew W. E. Murry ◽  
Derek M. Isaacowitz
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Emotion Perception ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Partners ◽  
Facial Emotion Perception

Older adults tend to have lower emotion-perception accuracy compared to younger adults. Previous studies have centered on individual characteristics, including cognitive decline and positive attentional preferences, as possible mechanisms underlying these age differences in emotion perception; however, thus far, no perceiver-focused factor has accounted for the age differences. The present study focuses on perceived social-context factors and uses the Social Input Model as the framework for investigating the relation between the expressivity of the social environment and emotion-perception accuracy in younger and older adults. Younger ( n = 32) and older adults ( n = 29) reported on the make-up of their social circles and the expressivity of their three closest social partners and then completed a static facial emotion-perception task. Older adults reported greater positive and negative expressivity in their social partners compared to younger adults. Moreover, older adults were marginally less accurate than younger adults when perceiving emotions. Positive expressivity of the social partners predicted lower emotion-perception accuracy in younger but not older adults. Our findings mark the first step to identifying possible characteristics of the social environment that may contribute to the age difference in emotion-perception accuracy.

scholarly journals The Social Contagion Effect of Marijuana Use among Adolescents

PLoS ONE ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e16183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mir M. Ali ◽  
Aliaksandr Amialchuk ◽  
Debra S. Dwyer
Keyword(s):  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Social Contagion ◽  
Contagion Effect ◽  
The Social

Ageing stereotypes influence the transmission of false memories in the social contagion paradigm

Memory ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 368-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katya T. Numbers ◽  
Amanda J. Barnier ◽  
Celia B. Harris ◽  
Michelle L. Meade
Keyword(s):  
False Memories ◽  
Social Contagion ◽  
The Social

Video Games and Emotion Regulation

GeroPsych ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 205-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn L. Ossenfort ◽  
Derek M. Isaacowitz
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Video Games ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Interactive Media ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Media Usage ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Media Preferences

Abstract. Research on age differences in media usage has shown that older adults are more likely than younger adults to select positive emotional content. Research on emotional aging has examined whether older adults also seek out positivity in the everyday situations they choose, resulting so far in mixed results. We investigated the emotional choices of different age groups using video games as a more interactive type of affect-laden stimuli. Participants made multiple selections from a group of positive and negative games. Results showed that older adults selected the more positive games, but also reported feeling worse after playing them. Results supplement the literature on positivity in situation selection as well as on older adults’ interactive media preferences.

The social contagion of utility value: How parents’ beliefs about the usefulness of science predict their children’s motivation and achievement

2021 ◽  
pp. 014303432098520
Author(s):  
Ma. Jenina N. Nalipay ◽  
Yuyang Cai ◽  
Ronnel B. King
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Science Achievement ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Social Contagion ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Utility Value ◽  
International Student Assessment ◽  
Value Perceptions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Motivation And Achievement

The purpose of the present study was to examine whether parents’ utility value perceptions predicted their children’s utility value perceptions, demonstrating social contagion effects. We also examined whether utility value would predict achievement. This is a cross-sectional study that utilized data from a subsample of adolescent students from the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA 2015), which focused on science learning and achievement from 18 regions. We performed multi-level structural equation modeling to analyze the data. Results revealed that parents’ utility value perceptions predicted students’ utility value perceptions, which, in turn, predicted science achievement. The findings of this study provide evidence of the social contagion of utility value perceptions from parents to their children and the critical role of utility value in predicting achievement across various regions/countries. Our study highlights the crucial role parents play in adolescents’ motivational and learning outcomes and suggest parental involvement in programs toward enhancing adolescents’ motivation and achievement.

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