scholarly journals Addressing Challenges in Formal Research on Moribund Heritage Languages: A Path Forward

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta D'Alessandro ◽  
David Natvig ◽  
Michael T. Putnam
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Work ◽  
Heritage Languages ◽  
Noticeable Increase ◽  
The Past ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
Linguistic Inquiry

The substantial uptick in research on heritage languages over the past three decades has enhanced our understanding of the development of bilingual grammars throughout the lifespan. This interest has been accompanied by a noticeable increase of experimental work, often combined with some degree of formal rigor. Exclusively and predominantly formal research on these languages—especially studies whose empirical focus centers on moribund heritage varieties—occasionally encounters criticism, due primarily to a lack of understanding of the methodology and objectives of this body of research as a whole. The purpose of this positional essay is to once again elucidate with clarity the motivation and importance of formal linguistic research on these languages, providing a fruitful path forward for continued work in this well-established field of linguistic inquiry.

The heritage Spanish phonetic/phonological system: Looking back and moving forward

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajiv Rao ◽  
Rebecca Ronquest
Keyword(s):  
Adult Learners ◽  
Heritage Speakers ◽  
Heritage Languages ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Spanish Speaking ◽  
The Past ◽  
Linguistic Inquiry ◽  
Heritage Speakers Of Spanish ◽  
Looking Back ◽  
Phonological System

AbstractThis paper overviews what we currently know about the phonetics/phonology of heritage speakers of Spanish based on previous research on this topic, and also provides suggestions for future directions to pursue, as inspired by previous work on heritage Spanish, adult learners of Spanish, native Spanish, and other heritage languages. Specifically, we examine the past and future of heritage Spanish phonetics/phonology at both the segmental (i.e., consonants and vowels) and suprasegmental (i.e., intonation, rhythm, stress) levels in terms of how this part of heritage Spanish grammars differs from that of other Spanish-speaking populations. Finally, we discuss a series of methodological factors to consider as investigators continue to advance this area of linguistic inquiry.

Sensory Deprivation and Schizophrenia

1959 ◽  
Vol 105 (438) ◽  
pp. 235-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Work ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Sensory Deprivation ◽  
Sensory Stimulation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Therapeutic Procedures

Much interest has been displayed in the past few years in the effect on human subjects of reduction, or as far as possible, abolition of sensory stimulation, so that virtual isolation from the environment is produced. Recent comprehensive reviews have appeared, dealing with experimental work (Solomon et al. 1957) and conditions arising incidentally in the course of various therapeutic procedures (Grünthal 1957), and it is therefore unnecessary to deal with the topic at length here.

scholarly journals Update on Bolognese surgeon Dr. Benedetto Schiassi: the importance of Schiassi’s tentorium

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Sabbatani ◽  
Luca Ansaloni ◽  
Massimo Sartelli ◽  
Federico Coccolini ◽  
Salomone Di Saverio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Noticeable Increase ◽  
The Past ◽  
Relevant Today ◽  
The 19Th Century

Risk of infection remains a major concern for surgeons. The expansion of surgery towards the end of the 19th century determined a noticeable increase in septicemia and gangrene, and surgeons developed various techniques to limit them. In a previous publication, we reminded our readers of one of the gems of Italian surgery, Dr. Giuseppe Ruggi, who operated in Bologna from the end of 19th to the beginning of the 20th century. To him we owe the introduction and dissemination of the antiseptic method in Bologna. His scientific activity continued with Dr. Benedetto Schiassi, his successor. The techniques used to avoid microbial contamination by the Italian surgeon Dr. Schiassi, are particularly interesting, as Schiassi’s tentorium is still useful. Despite advances in surgical technologies, many innovations to prevent infection in surgery proposed in the past are still relevant today.

scholarly journals Adad [Antonyms] and Its Impact on the Exegesis of Al-Samin in His Books (Al-Durr) And (Al-’Umda)

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 144-158
Author(s):  
Dr. Ayman Ibrahim Yusuf Rayan
Keyword(s):  
Close Connection ◽  
Great Contribution ◽  
Intended Meaning ◽  
The Past ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
Holy Quran ◽  
The Holy Quran ◽  
The Subject

This research tackles the subject of the indication of antonyms and its impact on the exegesis of al-Samin in both his books “al-Durr al-Masun” (Preserved Pearls) and “‘Umdat al-Hufaz” (Reliance of the memorize-rs). In this research, I have combined between the language and tafsir (exegesis) and clarified the efforts exerted by al-Samin in serving the interpretation of the Quran. Moreover, I have introduced his great contribution to linguistic research and compiled the conclusions he has reached in both his books (al-Durr) and (al-’Umda) on antonyms. I have organized his ideas, studied his tangible effects in his exegesis of the holy Quran in addition to methodologically establishing the role of the language being one of the tools in the past and contemporary exegesis of the holy  Quran and clarified its multiple indications and various manners. I was also keen in highlighting the importance of the indication of antonyms and the extent of its impact on interpreting the noble Quran. Moreover, I have studied the points of contention among the scholars and exegists on the meaning of the Quranic statement and clarified the importance of the Quranic context in determining the exact meaning of the vocabularies and structures. Furthermore, I have highlighted the close connection between the developed indication of words and the intended meaning in the Quranic verse.

Introduction: Current perspectives on positive polarity

Linguistics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-300
Author(s):  
Mingya Liu ◽  
Gianina Iordăchioaia
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Negative Polarity ◽  
Positive Polarity ◽  
Negative Polarity Items ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Polarity Items ◽  
The Past ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
Semantics And Pragmatics ◽  
Different Sources

Abstract Polarity sensitivity has been an established key topic of linguistic research for more than half a century. The study of polarity phenomena can be extremely revealing about the internal structure of a language, as they usually involve an interaction at the interface between syntax, semantics and pragmatics. In the past, most attention was paid to negative polarity items. However, recent years have witnessed a growing interest in positive polarity items. As a continuation of this trend, this issue collects four papers dedicated to positive polarity items, which enrich the empirical domain with novel observations from different languages and appeal to diverse theoretical concepts such as scalarity and presupposition in their modeling of positive polarity. The results show that positive polarity is a distributional phenomenon that has different sources and most likely cannot be modeled in a unifying way, although there may be subsets of positive polarity items that allow unifying accounts.

Low Drag Aerofoils

1947 ◽  
Vol 51 (433) ◽  
pp. 54-64
Author(s):  
L. G. Whitehead
Keyword(s):  
Mach Number ◽  
Surface Finish ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Critical Value ◽  
Aircraft Wing ◽  
Critical Mach Number ◽  
The Past ◽  
Design And Manufacture

During the past few years a new series of low drag aerofoils has been developed which represents a radical departure from earlier practice. The changes envisaged are much greater than those which accompanied the general change-over from the biplane to the monoplane, and give rise to many problems whose solution requires considerable theoretical and experimental work. An important feature of the new sections is the precision in design and manufacture which is essential for their success. This has given renewed interest to the investigation of many of the detailed problems of air flow and calls for parallel improvements in manufacturing technique so as to achieve the high standard of surface finish required.The purpose of this paper is to give a brief account of the theoretical basis of the design and application of the modified profiles as aircraft wing sections. It deals with the design of aerofoils for the subsonic range only, or, to be more precise, for flight at speeds below the critical Mach Number at which shock waves are first formed. The critical value usually lies in the range 0.6 to 0.8, depending on the wing shape and incidence, as will be described in more detail later.

scholarly journals Cognitive linguistics and metaphor research: past successes, skeptical questions, future challenges

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (spe) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond W. Gibbs, Jr
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
Fundamental Part ◽  
Cognitive Linguistic ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Future Work ◽  
The Way

An important reason for the tremendous interest in metaphor over the past 20 years stems from cognitive linguistic research. Cognitive linguists embrace the idea that metaphor is not merely a part of language, but reflects a fundamental part of the way people think, reason, and imagine. A large number of empirical studies in cognitive linguistics have, in different ways, supported this claim. My aim in this paper is to describe the empirical foundations for cognitive linguistic work on metaphor, acknowledge various skeptical reactions to this work, and respond to some of these questions/criticisms. I also outline several challenges that cognitive linguists should try to address in future work on metaphor in language, thought, and culture.

Dimensions of evaluation

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Bednarek
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Research ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Basic Emotions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cognitive Studies ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
Evaluative Meaning ◽  
Diachronic Development ◽  
Appraisal Processes

In the past two decades or so, a number of researchers from various fields within linguistics have turned their attention to interpersonal phenomena, such as the linguistic expression of speaker opinion or evaluation (also called stance or appraisal), or the encoding of subjectivity in language and its diachronic development (subjectification/subjectivization). Many linguists have offered categorizations of evaluative meaning, based on authentic discourse data, but no connection has been made with cognitive approaches to appraisal processes. This paper offers a first meta-theoretical exploration of such issues. It compares dimensions of evaluation that have been identified in linguistic and cognitive studies, and also examines how psychological research into basic emotions can be related to linguistic research on affect. On the basis of these comparisons a proposal for a new classification of evaluative meanings is made. The focus of this paper is on only one aspect of the highly complex phenomenon of evaluation, namely potential evaluative dimensions, although other relevant issues will also be touched upon, including the pragmatics of evaluation (evaluation and context).

Influence of American English on second generation Lao immigrant speakers

English Today ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
Vincent Chanethom
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
American English ◽  
The United States ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Societal Impact ◽  
Native Languages ◽  
The Past ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
The U.S

For many centuries, the United States has opened its doors to a variety of immigrants throughout the globe, engendering situations that Fishman (2004: 406) characterizes as ‘pluralistic societal impact.’ Upon coming to America, twentieth century immigrants found themselves immersed in a context in which not only their cultures clashed with that of the U.S., but also their mother tongues interacted with American English. The language patterns resulting from such interactions between immigrants' native languages and American English has been of great interest to the linguistic research community for the past several decades. For instance, research in the field of language contact has been particularly marked by the influential work undertaken by Thomason and Kaufman (1988) in which they developed a model to predict the nature of these contact-induced changes and to examine the mechanism by which these changes emerge.

Reaction Kinetics Involving O and N Compounds

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 1397-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Niki
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Kinetics ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Electronic States ◽  
The Past ◽  
N Compounds

Experimental work performed during the past 4 years is reviewed briefly for aeronomically interesting reactions involving ground electronic states of O and N compounds.

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