scholarly journals Conjecturing Harmful Intent and Preemptive Strike in Paranoia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutaka Horita
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
The United States ◽  
Exploratory Analysis ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Paranoid Ideation ◽  
Economic Games ◽  
Preemptive Strike

Paranoia depicts a belief of others having harmful intent. Research using economic games has exhibited the correlation between paranoia and the propensity to characterize ambiguous intentions as harmful. Using a non-clinical sample recruited online from the United States (N=290), we examined whether paranoid thoughts influence aggressive behavior against the subjective perception of harmful intent. We conducted a preemptive strike game wherein aggressive behavior was assumed to be guided by the fear of an opponent. The outcomes indicate that (1) individuals with high paranoia assume harmful intent of an opponent more than those with low paranoia (2) conjecturing an opponent’s harmful intent predicted an increase in the probability of a preemptive strike, and (3) paranoia did not have a statistically significant effect on encouraging a preemptive strike. Additionally, the exploratory analysis revealed that paranoia was related to participant’s aggressiveness and with suppositions of other’s self-interests and competitiveness. This study presents empirical evidence that paranoia is related to the perception of social threats in an uncertain situation. We discuss the possibility that paranoid ideation can promote or inhibit a preemptive strike.

scholarly journals Conjecturing harmful intent and preemptive strike in paranoia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutaka Horita
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Exploratory Analysis ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Economic Games ◽  
Preemptive Strike

Paranoia depicts a belief of others having harmful intent. Research using economic games has exhibited the correlation between paranoia and the propensity to characterize ambiguous intentions as harmful. Using a non-clinical sample, we examine whether paranoid thoughts influence aggressive behavior against the subjective perception of harmful intent. We conducted a preemptive strike game wherein aggressive behavior was assumed to be guided by the fear of an opponent. The outcomes indicate that 1) individuals with high paranoia assume the harmful intent of an opponent more than those with low paranoia, 2) conjecturing an opponent’s harmful intent predicted an increase in the probability of a preemptive strike, 3) although the effect of paranoia on encouraging a preemptive strike was relatively minute. Also, the exploratory analysis revealed that paranoia was associated with aggressiveness. This study presents empirical evidence that paranoia functions as a response to perceived threats in an uncertain situation.

scholarly journals The hidden societal cost of antibiotic resistance per antibiotic prescribed in the United States: an exploratory analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantinos I. Michaelidis ◽  
Michael J. Fine ◽  
Chyongchiou Jeng Lin ◽  
Jeffrey A. Linder ◽  
Mary Patricia Nowalk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Societal Cost ◽  
Exploratory Analysis

An Exploratory Analysis of Federal Litigation in the United States Challenging Asset Forfeiture

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-64
Author(s):  
Shaun L. Gabbidon ◽  
George E. Higgins ◽  
Favian Martin ◽  
Matthew Nelson ◽  
Jimmy Brown
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Exploratory Analysis ◽  
Asset Forfeiture

An Examination of Audit Quality Surrounding Within-Firm Engagement Office Changes

2021 ◽  
pp. 0148558X2110596
Author(s):  
Adam J. Greiner ◽  
Julia L. Higgs ◽  
Thomas J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Knowledge Transfer ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Audit Quality ◽  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Discretionary Accruals ◽  
The United States ◽  
Primary Analysis ◽  
Quality Deterioration ◽  
Main Association

We examine the relation between within-firm office changes and audit quality in the United States. Our primary analysis documents a reduction in audit quality, measured using abnormal discretionary accruals and restatements, when the client is transferred to a smaller within-firm office (downsize effect). We are unable to find evidence that clients experience significant improvement in audit quality among transfers to a larger within-firm office (upsize effect). We then condition our sample on the change in the number of public clients of the receiving office to better understand the source of the underlying association. We find that our downsize effect is driven by offices experiencing a decrease in the number of public clients, suggesting that our main association is not entirely the result of resource constraints for the receiving office. We posit that this finding is consistent with audit quality deterioration among within-firm office changes to smaller offices driven, in part, by the receiving office’s inability to adequately overcome the knowledge transfer frictions that accompany a move to a new office. Our findings offer empirical evidence on consequences of within-firm office changes and are particularly relevant to regulators and preparers.

scholarly journals Security communities and the habitus of restraint: Germany and the United States on Iraq

2007 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
CORNELIU BJOLA ◽  
MARKUS KORNPROBST
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Collective Identity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Internal Dynamics ◽  
Security Community ◽  
Norbert Elias ◽  
Security Communities

ABSTRACTBorrowing from Norbert Elias, we introduce the habitus of restraint to the study of security communities. This habitus constitutes a key dimension of the glue that holds security communities together. The perceived compatibility of practices emanating from the habitus that members hold fosters the collective identity upon which a security community is built. The violation of a member’s habitus by the practices of another member, however, disrupts the reproduction of collective identity and triggers a crisis of the security community. Our analysis of Germany’s reaction to Washington’s case for war against Iraq provides empirical evidence for the salience of the habitus for the internal dynamics of security communities.

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