scholarly journals Digital Nudging for Online Food Choices

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias Jesse ◽  
Dietmar Jannach ◽  
Bartosz Gula
Keyword(s):  
Food Selection ◽  
Social Information ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Decision Time ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Unhealthy Lifestyle ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Digital Nudging ◽  
The Impact

When people search for what to cook for the day, they increasingly use online recipe sites to find inspiration. Such recipe sites often show popular recipes to make it easier to find a suitable choice. However, these popular recipes are not always the healthiest options and can promote an unhealthy lifestyle. Our goal is to understand to what extent it is possible to steer the food selection of people through digital nudging. While nudges have been shown to affect humans' behavior regarding food choices in the physical world, there is little research on the impact of nudges on online food choices. Specifically, it is unclear how different nudges impact (i) the behavior of people, (ii) the time they need to make a decision, and (iii) their satisfaction and confidence with their selection. We investigate the effects of highlighting, defaults, social information, and warnings on the decision-making of online users through two consecutive user studies. Our results show that a hybrid nudge, which both involves setting a default and adding social information, significantly increases the likelihood that a nudged item is selected. Moreover, it may help decreasing the required decision time for participants while having no negative effects on the participant's satisfaction and confidence. Overall, our work provides evidence that nudges can be effective in this domain, but also that the type of a digital nudge matters. Therefore, different nudges should be evaluated in practical applications.

scholarly journals The impact of incorrect social information on collective wisdom in human groups

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (170) ◽  
pp. 20200496
Author(s):  
Bertrand Jayles ◽  
Ramón Escobedo ◽  
Stéphane Cezera ◽  
Adrien Blanchet ◽  
Tatsuya Kameda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Group Performance ◽  
Social Information ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Collective Wisdom ◽  
The Social ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Incorrect Information

A major problem resulting from the massive use of social media is the potential spread of incorrect information. Yet, very few studies have investigated the impact of incorrect information on individual and collective decisions. We performed experiments in which participants had to estimate a series of quantities, before and after receiving social information. Unbeknownst to them, we controlled the degree of inaccuracy of the social information through ‘virtual influencers’, who provided some incorrect information. We find that a large proportion of individuals only partially follow the social information, thus resisting incorrect information. Moreover, incorrect information can help improve group performance more than correct information, when going against a human underestimation bias. We then design a computational model whose predictions are in good agreement with the empirical data, and sheds light on the mechanisms underlying our results. Besides these main findings, we demonstrate that the dispersion of estimates varies a lot between quantities, and must thus be considered when normalizing and aggregating estimates of quantities that are very different in nature. Overall, our results suggest that incorrect information does not necessarily impair the collective wisdom of groups, and can even be used to dampen the negative effects of known cognitive biases.

scholarly journals Crowd control: Reducing individual estimation bias by sharing biased social information

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. e1009590
Author(s):  
Bertrand Jayles ◽  
Clément Sire ◽  
Ralf H. J. M. Kurvers
Keyword(s):  
Social Influence ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Social Information ◽  
Estimation Accuracy ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
True Value ◽  
Crowd Control ◽  
Human Tendency ◽  
The Impact

Cognitive biases are widespread in humans and animals alike, and can sometimes be reinforced by social interactions. One prime bias in judgment and decision-making is the human tendency to underestimate large quantities. Previous research on social influence in estimation tasks has generally focused on the impact of single estimates on individual and collective accuracy, showing that randomly sharing estimates does not reduce the underestimation bias. Here, we test a method of social information sharing that exploits the known relationship between the true value and the level of underestimation, and study if it can counteract the underestimation bias. We performed estimation experiments in which participants had to estimate a series of quantities twice, before and after receiving estimates from one or several group members. Our purpose was threefold: to study (i) whether restructuring the sharing of social information can reduce the underestimation bias, (ii) how the number of estimates received affects the sensitivity to social influence and estimation accuracy, and (iii) the mechanisms underlying the integration of multiple estimates. Our restructuring of social interactions successfully countered the underestimation bias. Moreover, we find that sharing more than one estimate also reduces the underestimation bias. Underlying our results are a human tendency to herd, to trust larger estimates than one’s own more than smaller estimates, and to follow disparate social information less. Using a computational modeling approach, we demonstrate that these effects are indeed key to explain the experimental results. Overall, our results show that existing knowledge on biases can be used to dampen their negative effects and boost judgment accuracy, paving the way for combating other cognitive biases threatening collective systems.

scholarly journals FASILITAS KEBUGARAN AKUATIK DI SUNTER

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 807
Author(s):  
Arifia Arifia ◽  
Lina Purnama
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Spiritual Health ◽  
Mass Composition ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Unhealthy Lifestyle ◽  
Healing Environment ◽  
Centers For Disease Control ◽  
The Impact

One of the contemporaneity issues of millenials is the lifestyle or millenial’s unhealthy lifestyle because they are unable to control their lifestyle. These lifestyles are influenced by advances in technology that increase the influence of globalization such as fast food and ease of fulfillment of needs such as application-based inter-service namely online motorcycle taxi and other features. These factors directly or indirectly cause millennial’s behavior patterns to be unhealthy, passive (in-active), decreased mental conditions, and much more. These behaviors have many negative effects on the physical and spiritual health conditions of millennials.Wellness aimed at the impact of 'well-being' or individual well-being. According to the CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), 'Well-being' can improve individuals or groups physical and spiritual health due to the results from who know how to live well. Therefore, 'Wellness' can provide a change towards a healthier lifestyle by presenting a pleasant and interesting impression of the mainly millennial community, the Aquatic Wellness Facility. The element of water from aquatic aspect  provides relaxation, calmness, recreational atmosphere and so on that can provide a healing environment. Aquatic Wellness facilities are given the impression of recreation so that the community and millennials do physical activities with a feeling of pleasure. To get the concept of the program, the author uses the wellness criteria of Tchiki Davis, PH.D. and questionnaires that produce aquatic programs both in terms of physical and spiritual as well as social activities and lifestyle improvements through monitoring habits. The concept of mass composition is formed from 4 character elements of healing environment, namely water, stone, cave, and mountain. AbstrakSalah satu isu kesejamanan kaum milenial yakni gaya hidup atau lifestyle kaum milenial yang tidak sehat karena tidak mampu mengendalikan gaya hidup mereka. Gaya hidup tersebut dipengaruhi oleh kemajuannya teknologi, pengaruh globalisasi seperti  makanan cepat saji dan kemudahan pemenuhan kebutuhan seperti pelayanan antar berbasis aplikasi yakni ojek online dan features lainnya. Faktor-faktor tersebut secara langsung atau tidak langsung menyebabkan pola perilaku kaum Milenial menjadi tidak sehat, pasif (in-active), kondisi mental yang menurun, dan masih banyak lagi. Dengan begitu, perilaku tersebut memberikan banyak dampak negatif terhadap kondisi kesehatan jasmani dan rohani kaum milenial.  Wellness  berfokus pada dampak dari ‘well-being’ atau kesejahteraan individu. Menurut CDC (Centers for Disease Control dan Prevention), ‘Well-being’ dapat meningkatkan kesehatan jasmani dan rohani individu atau kelompok akibat hasil dari menjalani kehidupan dengan baik. Oleh karena itu, ‘Wellness’ dapat memberikan pergeseran terhadap gaya hidup menjadi lebih sehat dengan menghadirkan kesan menyenangkan dan menarik masyarakat terutama milenial yakni Fasilitas Kebugaran Akuatik. Unsur air dari segi akuatik memberikan relaksasi, ketenangan, suasana rekreasi yang dapat memberikan lingkungan menyenangkan untuk penyembuhan. Fasilitas kebugaran akuatik diberikan kesan rekreasi sehingga masyarakat maupun kaum milenial melakukan kegiatan kebugaran dengan perasaan senang. Untuk mendapatkan konsep program tersebut, penulis menggunakan kriteria wellness dari Tchiki Davis,PH.D. dan kuesioner yang menghasilkan program akuatik baik dari segi jasmani dan rohani serta kegiatan sosial dan perbaikan gaya hidup melalui monitoring habits. Konsep gubahan massa terbentuk dari 4 karakter unsur healing environment yakni air, batu, goa, dan gunung.

scholarly journals تحديد وسائط تعليمية لتوظيف المصطلح القرآني في تصميم الكتاب المدرسي العلمي

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (94) ◽  
pp. 152-117
Author(s):  
صالح بن طاهر مشوش
Keyword(s):  
Nature Of Science ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Scientific Thinking ◽  
Core Concept ◽  
Science Textbooks ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Conceptual Frame ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

يدرس البحث كيفية توظيف المصطلح القرآني في محتويات الكتاب المدرسي في مادة العلوم. يقوم الإطار المرجعي لتوظيف المصطلح القرآني على بنية مفهومية-قيمية ثلاثية تضم التفكُّر والتذكُّر والشكر، وتستجلي محفزاتها المادية الخارجية (التسخير، والتقدير، والتوازن)، وتبين الرؤية النظرية الكلية التي تُسوِّغ الترتيب التصوري والمنهجي في تصميم الكتاب واستخدامه في المدرسة. يتضمن البحث ثلاثة محاور: أولها أثر الوحي في نشأة التفكير العلمي، وثانيها وسائل الوحي المعرفية في صياغة التفكير العلمي، وثالثها وظيفة المصطلح القرآني في مجال العلوم الطبيعية. وتوصل البحث إلى أن العلاقة التي تجمع الوحي مع العلوم الكونية علاقة تلازمية ضرورية، وبنائية وظيفية، وأصولية تكوينية، لا يمكن الاستغناء عنها في تشكيل ماهية العلم وترشيد تطبيقاته العملية. This work examines the way to incorporate the Qur’anic terminology in the contents of science textbooks. The Qur’anic conceptual frame is based on three core concept-values namely: thinking, remembering, and gratitude. Those values are related to specific features of the physical world, that illustrate three main features namely, (taskhir- subjection), (taqdir-quantificatin), and (mizan-balance). They also illustrate the worldview that defines the conceptual and methodological arrangement in the design and use of school textbooks. The first part of the paper deals with the impact of revelation on the emergence of scientific thinking. The second is about the cognitive means of revelation and the formulation of scientific thinking. The last part deals with function of the Quranic terminology in the field of natural sciences. The study has found that the relationship that brings revelation with natural science is a necessity, functional and constructive which can’t be ignored in shaping the nature of science and using its practical applications wisely.

Demonstrating Nutrient Cost Gradients: A Brooklyn Case Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 244-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Karp ◽  
Gary Wong ◽  
Marguerite Orsi
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Food Selection ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Caloric Density ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Introduction: Foods dense in micronutrients are generally more expensive than those with higher energy content. These cost-differentials may put low-income families at risk of diminished micronutrient intake. Objectives: We sought to determine differences in the cost for iron, folate, and choline in foods available for purchase in a low-income community when assessed for energy content and serving size. Methods: Sixty-nine foods listed in the menu plans provided by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) for low-income families were considered, in 10 domains. The cost and micronutrient content for-energy and per-serving of these foods were determined for the three micronutrients. Exact Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for comparisons of energy costs; Spearman rho tests for comparisons of micronutrient content. Ninety families were interviewed in a pediatric clinic to assess the impact of food cost on food selection. Results: Significant differences between domains were shown for energy density with both cost-for-energy (p < 0.001) and cost-per-serving (p < 0.05) comparisons. All three micronutrient contents were significantly correlated with cost-for-energy (p < 0.01). Both iron and choline contents were significantly correlated with cost-per-serving (p < 0.05). Of the 90 families, 38 (42 %) worried about food costs; 40 (44 %) had chosen foods of high caloric density in response to that fear, and 29 of 40 families experiencing both worry and making such food selection. Conclusion: Adjustments to USDA meal plans using cost-for-energy analysis showed differentials for both energy and micronutrients. These differentials were reduced using cost-per-serving analysis, but were not eliminated. A substantial proportion of low-income families are vulnerable to micronutrient deficiencies.

The More Control, the Better?

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeeyun Oh ◽  
Mun-Young Chung ◽  
Sangyong Han
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Design ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Story Structure ◽  
Content Type ◽  
High User ◽  
User Control ◽  
Rigorous Research ◽  
Control Versus ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Impact

Despite of the popularity of interactive movie trailers, rigorous research on one of the most apparent features of these interfaces – the level of user control – has been scarce. This study explored the effects of user control on users’ immersion and enjoyment of the movie trailers, moderated by the content type. We conducted a 2 (high user control versus low user control) × 2 (drama film trailer versus documentary film trailer) mixed-design factorial experiment. The results showed that the level of user control over movie trailer interfaces decreased users’ immersion when the trailer had an element of traditional story structure, such as a drama film trailer. Participants in the high user control condition answered that they were less fascinated with, absorbed in, focused on, mentally involved with, and emotionally affected by the movie trailer than participants in the low user control condition only with the drama movie trailer. The negative effects of user control on the level of immersion for the drama trailer translated into users’ enjoyment. The impact of user control over interfaces on immersion and enjoyment varies depending on the nature of the media content, which suggests a possible trade-off between the level of user control and entertainment outcomes.

Monetary policy and the effect of the transfer of oil prices to inflation

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
Ph. S. Kartaev ◽  
I. D. Medvedev
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Inflation Targeting ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Oil Price ◽  
Oil Price Shocks ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Price Shocks ◽  
Policy Regime ◽  
The Impact

The paper examines the impact of oil price shocks on inflation, as well as the impact of the choice of the monetary policy regime on the strength of this influence. We used dynamic models on panel data for the countries of the world for the period from 2000 to 2017. It is shown that mainly the impact of changes in oil prices on inflation is carried out through the channel of exchange rate. The paper demonstrates the influence of the transition to inflation targeting on the nature of the relationship between oil price shocks and inflation. This effect is asymmetrical: during periods of rising oil prices, inflation targeting reduces the effect of the transfer of oil prices, limiting negative effects of shock. During periods of decline in oil prices, this monetary policy regime, in contrast, contributes to a stronger transfer, helping to reduce inflation.

Retrospective analysis of the resilience of Russian regions as socio-economic systems

2019 ◽  
pp. 46-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir V. Klimanov ◽  
Sofiya М. Kazakova ◽  
Anna A. Mikhaylova
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Financial Indicators ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Integral Index ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Economic Resilience ◽  
Correlation Dependence ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The article examines the impact of various socio-economic and financial indicators on the resilience of Russian regions. For each region, the integral index of resilience is calculated, and its correlation dependence with the selected indicators is revealed. The study confirms the relationship between fiscal resilience and socio-economic resilience of the regions. The analysis of panel data for 75 regions from 2007 to 2016 shows that there are significant differences in the dynamics of indicators in different periods. In particular, the degree of exposure to the negative effects of the crises of 2008—2009 and 2014—2015 in non-resilient regions is higher than in resilient ones.

Factors Influencing Academic Stress on Students of University of Economics and Business - Vietnam National University

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nham Phong Tuan ◽  
Nguyen Ngoc Quy ◽  
Nguyen Thi Thanh Huyen ◽  
Hong Tra My ◽  
Tran Nhu Phu
Keyword(s):  
Academic Stress ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stress Scale ◽  
Perceptions And Attitudes ◽  
National University ◽  
Questionnaire Surveys ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of seven factors causing academic stress on students of University of Economics and Business - Vietnam National University: Lack of leisure time, Academic performance, Fear of failure, Academic overload, Finances, Competition between students, Relationships with university faculty. Based on the results of a practical survey of 185 students who are attending any courses at the University of Economics and Business - Vietnam National University, the study assesses the impact of stress factors on students. The thesis focuses on clarifying the concept of "stress" and the stress level of students, while pointing out its negative effects on students. This study includes two cross-sectional questionnaire surveys. The first survey uses a set of 16 questions to assess students’ perceptions and attitudes based on an instrument to measure academic stress - Educational Stress Scale for Adolescents (ESSA). The second survey aims to test internal consistency, the robustness of the previously established 7-factor structure. Henceforth, the model was brought back and used qualitatively, combined with Cronbach’s Alpha measurement test and EFA discovery factor analysis. This study was conducted from October 2019 to December 2019. From these practical analyzes, several proposals were made for the society, the school and the students themselves.

The Impact of War on Population Health

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Turkan Ahmet
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Past ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Physical Environments ◽  
The Social ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
The Impact

The past few decades of ongoing war in Iraq has had a dramatic impact on the health of Iraq’s population. Wars are known to have negative effects on the social and physical environments of individuals, as well as limit their access to the available health care services. This paper explores the personal experiences of my family members, who were exposed to war, as well as includes information that has been reviewed form many academic sources. The data aided in providing recommendations and developing strategies, on both local and international levels, to improve the health status of the populations exposed to war.

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