scholarly journals Electrophysiological Correlates of Shyness Affected by Facial Attractiveness

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofan Xu ◽  
Bingbing Li ◽  
Ping Liu ◽  
Dan Li
Keyword(s):  
Hemispheric Asymmetry ◽  
Public Speaking ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Facial Attractiveness ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Baseline Phase ◽  
The Public ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg ◽  
The Brain

Previous neurological studies of shyness have focused on the hemispheric asymmetry of alpha spectral power. To the best of our knowledge, few studies have focused on the interaction between different frequencies bands in the brain of shyness. Additionally, shy individuals are even shyer when confronted with a group of people they consider superior to them. This study aimed to reveal the neural basis of shy individuals using the delta-beta correlation. Further, it aimed to investigate the effect of evaluators’ facial attractiveness on the delta-beta correlation of shyness during the speech anticipation phase. We recorded electroencephalogram (EEG) activity of 94 participants during rest and anticipation of the public speaking phase. Moreover, during the speech anticipation phase, participants were presented with high or low facial attractiveness. The results showed that, as predicted, the delta-beta correlation in the frontal region was more robust for high shyness than for low shyness during the speech anticipation phase. However, no significant differences were observed in the delta-beta correlation during the baseline phase. Further exploration found that the delta-beta correlation was more robust for high facial attractiveness than low facial attractiveness in the high shyness group. However, no significant difference was found in the low-shyness group. This study suggests that a stronger delta-beta correlation might be the neural basis for shy individuals. Moreover, high facial attractiveness might enhance the delta-beta correlation of high shyness in anticipation of public speaking.

To shelter or unshelter? An analysis of international students’ experience in introductory communication courses

2021 ◽  
pp. 174549992110596
Author(s):  
Aayushi Hingle ◽  
Rochelle Davidson Mhonde ◽  
Melissa Broeckelman-Post
Keyword(s):  
International Students ◽  
Student Performance ◽  
Public Speaking ◽  
Public Speaking Anxiety ◽  
Group Presentation ◽  
Course Performance ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Speaking Anxiety ◽  
The Public ◽  
Significant Difference

The purpose of this study was to assess the degree to which sheltered versus unsheltered contexts of introductory communication courses impact communication skill development and overall learning outcomes for international students. Specifically, this study examined the following outcome variables: public speaking anxiety, engagement, communication mindset, communication efficacy, and student performance to investigate whether it is beneficial to sheltered international students in introductory courses. Results showed that there was no significant difference between groups for the public speaking anxiety, student engagement, or overall course performance, except for the final group presentation performance. However, there was a significant interaction effect for communication mindset and communication efficacy; students in sheltered sections saw increases in these outcomes over the course of the semester, while unsheltered students experienced the opposite.

EEG Based BCI Using Visual Imagery Task for Robot Control

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Husnaini Azmy ◽  
Norlaili Mat Safri
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Power ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Imagery Task ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Cortex Area ◽  
Wireless Robot ◽  
Scalp Location ◽  
Task Conditions ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg ◽  
The Brain

The aim of this study is to detect the brain activation on scalp by Electroencephalogram (EEG) task–based for brain computer interface (BCI) using wirelessly control robot. EEG was measured in 8 normal subjects for control and task conditions. The objective is to determine one scalp location which will give signals that can be used to control the wireless robot using BCI and EEG, using non invasive and without subject training. In control condition subjects were ask to relax but in task condition, subjects were asked to imagine a star rotating clockwise at position 45 degrees direction pointed by the wireless robot where at this angle the target is located. At position 0 and 90 degree angle subjects were asked to relax since there is no target on that direction. Using EEG spectral power analysis and normalization, the optimum location for this task has been detected at position F8 which is in frontal cortex area and the rhythm happened at alpha frequency band. At this position, the signals from the brain should be able to drive the robot to the required direction by giving correct and accurate signals to robot moving towards target.

How reading in single- and multiple-column types influence our cognitive load: an EEG study

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 593-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hosam Al-Samarraie ◽  
Atef Eldenfria ◽  
Fahed Zaqout ◽  
Melissa Lee Price
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Brain Signals ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Reading Text ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg ◽  
Instructional Design Practices ◽  
The Brain

Purpose The impact of different screen-based typography styles on individuals’ cognitive processing of information has not been given much consideration in the literature, though such differences would imply different learning outcomes. This study aims to enrich the current understanding of the impact of reading in single- and multiple-column types on students’ cognitive processing. Design/methodology/approach An electroencephalogram (EEG) was used to record and analyze the brain signals of 27 students while reading from single- and multiple- column layouts. Findings The results showed a significant difference in students’ cognitive load when reading text from different types of columns. All students exerted less processing efforts when text was presented in two-column format, thus experiencing less cognitive load. Originality/value Using EEG, this study examined the neural consequences of reading in single- and multiple-column types on cognitive load during reading. The findings can be used to enrich the current instructional design practices on how different typographical formats facilitate learners’ cognitive performance.

DECODING OF SIMPLE AND COMPOUND LIMB MOTOR IMAGERY MOVEMENTS BY FRACTAL ANALYSIS OF ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM (EEG) SIGNAL

Fractals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (03) ◽  
pp. 1950041 ◽  
Author(s):  
HAMIDREZA NAMAZI ◽  
TIRDAD SEIFI ALA
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Fractal Analysis ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Eeg Signal ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg ◽  
The Brain

One of the major attempts in rehabilitation science is to decode different movements of human using physiological signals. Since human movements are mainly controlled by the brain, decoding of movements by analysis of the brain activity has great importance. In this paper, we apply fractal analysis to Electroencephalogram (EEG) signal in order to decode simple and compound limb motor imagery movements. The fractal dimension of EEG signal is analyzed in case of left hand, right hand, both hands, feet, left hand combined with right foot, and right hand combined with left foot movements. Based on the obtained results, EEG signal experiences the lowest and greatest fractal dimension in case of both hands movement, and feet movement, respectively. Besides obtaining different fractal dimension for EEG signal in case of different movements, no significant difference was observed in fractal dimension of EEG signal between different movements. The method of analysis employed in this research can be widely applied to analysis of EEG signal for decoding of different movements of human.

scholarly journals “Beauty” premium for social scientists but “unattractiveness” premium for natural scientists in the public speaking market

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Weilong Bi ◽  
Ho Fai Chan ◽  
Benno Torgler
Keyword(s):  
Public Perception ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Public Speaking ◽  
Facial Attractiveness ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Natural Scientist ◽  
The Public ◽  
Beauty Premium ◽  
The Face ◽  
Natural Scientists

Abstract In the face of scientists’ increasing engagement in public discourse, we examine whether facial attractiveness affects their market value (i.e., audience willingness to pay). For a sample of scientists who participate in public speaking, we find that facial attractiveness is uncorrelated with internal academic achievements (as measured by publications and citations) and is only weakly but positively linked to attention outside of academia. Notably, we find that the effect of facial attractiveness on external influence is only robust to measures where speakers’ physical appearance is likely to be most apparent to the public, such as invitations to give TED talks or Google web page counts while the effect on the number of book publications or book awards is not significant. Our results also suggest that these relationships do not differ across scientists’ fields of research. However, we find that in terms of speaking fees, social scientists benefit substantially from being more attractive, whereas unattractiveness is a comparative advantage for natural scientists. A similar divergence in the direction of the relationship between speaking fee and facial attractiveness is also evident for nonacademic speakers from different fields: whereas those from a natural science (job) background gain from unattractiveness, those with a social science history benefit from a beauty premium. This market premium for unattractiveness conforms not only to the common stereotype of the natural scientist but also to a belief that the more unattractive of these researchers engage in higher quality work. Overall, the findings indicate that facial appearance is important in the public perception of academics and, to some extent, their dissemination of knowledge.

scholarly journals SEROTONIN LEVEL IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD AND THE BRAIN’S BIOELECTRICAL ACTIVITY IN YOUNG PEOPLE 15-17 YEARS

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1S) ◽  
pp. 137-138
Author(s):  
E V Krivonogova ◽  
L V Poskotinova ◽  
D B Demin ◽  
O A Stavinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Power Level ◽  
Bioelectrical Activity ◽  
Serotonin Level ◽  
Temporal Region ◽  
The Right ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg ◽  
The Brain

The purpose of the work is to evaluate the features of the organization of the bioelectrical activity of the brain with different levels of serotonin in the serum of peripheral blood in young people 15-17 years old. The study involved 93 healthy girls and boys (15-17 years) of the Arkhangelsk region and the Nenets autonomous okrug. A serotonin level is determined in serum by enzyme immunoassay using a set of “Serotonin ELISA”. The electroencephalogram (EEG) power spectrum (PS) in the alpha, beta and theta frequencies ranges was recorded using an electroencephalograph “Encephalan” (Medicom, Taganrog). Age-dependent electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns is associated with the level of serotonin in peripheral blood in adolescents. On the background of a higher level of serotonin in the blood, compared to girls, boys have localized associations of theta and beta1 activity of EEG and serotonin levels, mainly in the right frontal-temporal region. In girls, the spectral power level of the EEG theta activity is more dependent on the level of serotonin in the blood, and a greater number of brain areas are involved in correlation interactions in comparison with young men (temporal regions on the left and frontal, central, parietal regions of both hemispheres of the brain).

Assessment of COVID-19 Related Misinformation among the Community in Basrah, Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (CSI) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
Ali Al-Rubaye ◽  
Dhurgham Abdulwahid ◽  
Aymen Albadran ◽  
Abbas Ejbary ◽  
Laith Alrubaiy
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Bachelor's Degree ◽  
Public Knowledge ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Educational Levels ◽  
The Public ◽  
First Case ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Central District

Background: There has been a rapid rise in cases of COVID-19 infection and its mortality rate since the first case reported in February 2020. This led to the rampant dissemination of misinformation and rumors about the disease among the public. Objectives: To investigate the scale of public misinformation about COVID-19 in Basrah, Iraq. Methods: A cross-sectional study based on a 22-item questionnaire to assess public knowledge and understanding of information related to the COVID-19 infection. Results: A total of 483 individuals completed the questionnaire. The most frequent age group was 26–35 years (28.2%); there were 280 (58%) males and 203 (42%) females. Of the participants, 282 (58.4%) were with an education level below the Bachelor’s degree, 342 (70.8%) were married, and 311 (64%) were living in districts in Basra other than the central district. Overall, 50.8% (11.8/ 22 * 100%) of individuals had the correct information regarding COVID-19. There was a significant association between the level of COVID-19 related misinformation and participants’ educational levels and occupation (p <0.05). However, there was no significant difference found across sex, age group, marital state, and area of residence. Conclusions: Misinformation related to COVID-19 is widely spread and has to be addressed in order to control the pandemic. Keywords: COVID-19, misinformation, knowledge, Iraq

scholarly journals Artificial Intelligence: The Attitude of the Public and Representatives of Various Industries

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 339
Author(s):  
Tatjana Vasiljeva ◽  
Ilmars Kreituss ◽  
Ilze Lulle
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
The Public ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Public Survey ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Negative Factors ◽  
Near Future

This paper looks at public and business attitudes towards artificial intelligence, examining the main factors that influence them. The conceptual model is based on the technology–organization–environment (TOE) framework and was tested through analysis of qualitative and quantitative data. Primary data were collected by a public survey with a questionnaire specially developed for the study and by semi-structured interviews with experts in the artificial intelligence field and management representatives from various companies. This study aims to evaluate the current attitudes of the public and employees of various industries towards AI and investigate the factors that affect them. It was discovered that attitude towards AI differs significantly among industries. There is a significant difference in attitude towards AI between employees at organizations with already implemented AI solutions and employees at organizations with no intention to implement them in the near future. The three main factors which have an impact on AI adoption in an organization are top management’s attitude, competition and regulations. After determining the main factors that influence the attitudes of society and companies towards artificial intelligence, recommendations are provided for reducing various negative factors. The authors develop a proposition that justifies the activities needed for successful adoption of innovative technologies.

In vivo exploration of brain phosphorus 31 metabolism in patients with senile dementia of Alzheimer type

1994 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-109
Author(s):  
G Mecheri ◽  
Y Bissuel ◽  
J Dalery ◽  
JL Terra ◽  
G Balvay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Senile Dementia ◽  
Phospholipid Metabolism ◽  
Alzheimer Type ◽  
Dementia Of Alzheimer Type ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Brain

SummaryIn vivo NMR 31p spectroscopy is a non invasive, non ionizing method of exploration of energy and phospholipid metabolism in the brain. This study consisted of comparing 31p spectra in five patients with Senile Dementia of Alzheimer Type (SDAT) with those of four controls of similar ages. Abnormal phosphonionocsters (PME) concentrations, either high or low, were found in the patients, but statistical analysis did not elicit any significant difference relative to controls.

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