scholarly journals Comparison of the Effects of a Genetic, a Mild Encephalitis, and a Psychosocial Causal Explanation of Schizophrenia on Stigmatizing Attitudes – a Pilot Study With a Quasi-Experimental Design

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja Haouchet ◽  
Carolin Harder ◽  
Sabine Müller
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Causal Explanation ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Case Vignette ◽  
Causal Explanations ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Stigmatizing Attitudes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Gender Specific

Background: Previous research has shown that the endorsement of biogenetic causal explanations of schizophrenia is associated with stronger stigmatizing attitudes against people with schizophrenia than the endorsement of psychosocial explanations. However, little is known about whether different biogenetic causal explanation beliefs differentially affect stigmatizing attitudes. This is particularly valid for the endorsement of the mild encephalitis hypothesis of schizophrenia.Aim: To examine to what extent different causal explanations of schizophrenia influence the desire for social distance from persons with schizophrenia.Methods: A study with a prospective, quasi-experimental design was carried out with students in Germany (N = 333). A case vignette depicting a person with schizophrenia-typical symptoms was presented, and a social distance scale (SDS) was used to measure the stigmatizing attitude against the person described. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups receiving different causal explanations of schizophrenia (genetic, mild encephalitis hypothesis, or psychosocial) without treatment information.Results: A one-way ANOVA showed that the mean SDS was lowest in the group with the mild encephalitis hypothesis explanation, followed by the genetic explanation group, and highest in the psychosocial explanation group. However, the differences between the groups were small and not significant. A subanalysis revealed a significant interaction between gender and causal explanation. Women showed a significantly lower desire for social distance than men when receiving the mild encephalitis hypothesis. Neither the study discipline nor the number of semesters of study had significant effects on the mean SDS. The differences between the mean SDS scores for the different items were much bigger than the differences for the different causal explanations. Regardless of the causal explanation, the extent of the desired social distance depends strongly on social proximity.Conclusion: The present study fits into previous research, which has found that biogenetic beliefs were either associated with more social distance or did not yield a statistically significant association. Although we found a small gender-specific effect of the endorsement of the mild encephalitis hypothesis, we do not recommend gender-specific anti-stigmatization campaigns because they might rightly raise suspicions of dishonesty and manipulation. Rather we support recovery-oriented messages focusing on effective treatments.

Comment on “Three Aspects of Cognitive Development”

1978 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Asher
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Regression Toward The Mean ◽  
Two Age Groups

In Exp. 2 of Siegler's 1976 study a faulty quasi-experimental design was used. The stated results, that older and younger children with apparently equal initial performance derived different benefits from identical experience, can also be explained by a confounding with regression toward the mean. These effects are a result of a selective matching of subjects from two age groups on a fallible variable correlated with age.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COOPERATIVE LEARNING METHOD TO REDUCING STUDENTS ANXIETY IN LEARNING MATH AT GRADE VII SMP NEGERI 1 BAUBAU

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suwarni La Usa
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Learning Method ◽  
Round Numbers ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Research Show

The problem of this research is whether the application of cooperative learning method is effective in reducing student’s anxiety in learning Math at grade VII at the topic of round numbers. The objective of the research is to know the effectiveness of cooperative learning in reducing student’s anxiety in learning Math at the topic of round numbers at grade VII SMP Negeri 1 Baubau. This research is descriptive quantitative by applying quasi experimental design. The sample taken consisted of 54 students which is each group consisted of 27 students. The instrument used in this research is test. The result of the research show that (1)The mean score of students learning in Math in experimental group before treatment is 56,48 with standard of deviation is 18,65 and after treatment is 83,70 with standard of deviation is 15,54. (2)The mean score of students learning in Math in control group before treatment is 56,67 with standard of deviation is 17,26 and after treatment is 73,51 with standard of deviation is 17,58. (3)Based on the mean score of students result in learning who is taught through those model of learning and seeing the result of statistic inferential of t test shows that learning through cooperative learning method is more effective to reduce students anxiety in learning Math.

scholarly journals Aplikasi Web Cek Riska sebagai Upaya Meningkatkan Pengetahuan Ibu Mendeteksi Dini Risiko Tinggi Kehamilan

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-221
Author(s):  
Ni Luh Putu Martini ◽  
Irna Nursanti ◽  
Giri Widakdo
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Web Application ◽  
P Value ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Risk Pregnancy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Mean ◽  
In Pregnancy

This study aimed to determine the effect of the risk checks web application on the knowledge of mothers to detect high risk early in pregnancy. The research design used in this study was a quasi-experimental design with one group design without control. The results showed that the mean difference before and after the intervention was 13.00, with a p-value of 0.000. In conclusion, the risk check web application can increase mothers' knowledge to detect high risk early in pregnancy.   Keywords: Web Application, High-Risk Pregnancy

scholarly journals EFEKTIVITAS ANALGESIK DAUN GATAL (Laportea Decumana) PADA PENDERITA MYALGIA DI KAMPUNG ATSJ DISTRIK ATSJ KABUPATEN ASMAT PROVINSI PAPUA

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Reni Ariastuti ◽  
Kairul Anam ◽  
Idris Yani Pamungkas
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Dosage Form ◽  
Control Design ◽  
Statistical Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Village Community ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Topical Dosage ◽  
Experimental Group

ABSTRAKDaun gatal (Laportea decumana) merupakan tanaman berkhasiat obat yang tumbuh subur di provinsi Papua. Efektivitas penggunaan L decumana sebagai antinyeri telah diteliti secara pra klinis maupun klinis. Namun demikian, penelitian dengan pemanfaatan langsung dari L decumana sebagai pereda myalgia pada masyarakat di kabupaten Asmat masih jarang dilakukan maka dari itu penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan melihat efektivitas pemanfaatan L decumana terhadap penderita myalgia  di kampung Atsj Distrik Atsj kabupaten Asmat Provinsi Papua. Desain penelitian menggunakan quasi experimental design, dengan rancangan one group pretest-posttest with control design. Sampel sejumlah 40 subjek uji (total sampling) dibagi 2 kelompok : kontrol (tanpa perlakuan) dan perlakuan (daun gatal masing-masing kelompok terdiri dari 20 subjek uji. Analisis efektivitas L decumana sebagai analgesik menggunakan uji statistik Mann-Whitney test dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95%. Derajat myalgia yang dialami oleh masyarakat kampung Atsj tergolong sedang sebanyak 19 orang (47,5%) dan berat sebesar 21 orang (52,5%). Rata-rata derajat myalgia pada kelompok perlakuan sebelum pemanfaatan L. decumana sebesar 5,80 dan setelah perlakuan menurun hingga sebesar 2,70. Daya analgetik dari L. decumana sebesar 53,45 %. Rata-rata derajat myalgia pada kelompok kontrol (tanpa perlakuan) awal 5,65 dan akhir sebesar 5,50. Terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan dalam pemanfaatan L decumana  sebagai analgesik pada penderita myalgia di kampung Atsj, distrik Atsj, kabupaten Asmat, provinsi Papua.Perlu dilakukan pengkajian lebih lanjut terkait kandungan zat aktif dan pembuatan sediaan topikal L decumana sebagai analgesik Kata Kunci: Laportea decumana, Myalgia, kampung AtsjANALGESIC EFFECTIVENESS OF LAPORTEA DECUMANA ON MYALGIA PATIENTS AT ATSJ VILLAGE ASMAT PAPUAABSTRACTBackground Laportea Decumana is a medicinal plant that thrives in Papua. Analgesic  effectiveness of L. Decumana has been studied pre-clinically and clinically yet the research with direct utilization of L. Decumana as myalgia patient in Asmat district is still rarely done. Therefore, this research aimed to see the effectiveness of the utilization of L. Decumana to myalgia patient in ATSJ Village, Asmat, Papua. Method The research design uses quasi experimental design, with one group pretest-posttest control design. The number of participants in this research were all 40 participants consisting of 20 participants for experimental group and 20 participants for control group. The effectiveness of L. Decumana as analgesic was measured by using statistical test Mann-Whitney with level of confidence 95%. Result The degree of myalgia experienced by the ATSJ village community was moderate (19 people) (47.5%) and severe (21 people) (52.5%). The mean degree of myalgia in the treatment group prior to the utilization of L. decumana was 5.80 and after treatment decreased to 2.70. The analgesic power of L. decumana was 53.45%. The pretest mean degree of myalgia in the control group was 5.65 and the posttest was 5.50. Conclusion There is a significant influence in the utilization of L decumana as an analgesic in myalgia patients in ATSJ Village, Asmat, Papua. It is necessary to conduct further study related to active substance content and topical dosage form of L decumana as analgesic.Keywords: Laportea Decumana, Myalgia, ATSJ Village

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF USING BLENDED LEARNING MODEL ON ENHANCING STUDENTS' SPEAKING SKILL IN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOLS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Irma Dewi Isda ◽  
Purwati Purwati ◽  
Imran Imran
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Blended Learning ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Speaking Skill ◽  
The Media ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
The Mean ◽  
English Students ◽  
Speaking Skills

This study aimed at investigating the effect of blended learning on the English-students’ speaking skills at SMAN 2 Patra Nusa Aceh Tamiang. Also, this study investigated students’ level differences of English-speaking skills of SMA Patra Nusa students. Twenty-five students of the eleventh-grade class were involved in this study. This study used a quasi-experimental with pre-experimental design. The instruments used in this study were observation and test (pretest and posttest). The results of data analysis showed that sig. 2-tailed = 0.000 < α (0.05), it means reject H0, accepted Ha. Finding obtained of pretest 77,04 and posttest 88,95. In conclusion, the mean pretest and posttest scores differ significantly. In other words, blended learning positively affects students speaking skills used in the media google classroom at SMA N 2 Patranusa.

scholarly journals The Use of Prezi with KWL Strategy to Enhance Students Reading Comprehension

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-37
Author(s):  
Musdalifah Ifah Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
First Grade ◽  
T Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cluster Random Sampling

The objectives of this research were to find out whether the use of Prezi with KWL Strategy enhances the reading comprehension and the students’ interest. This research employed quasi experimental design. The population of this research was the first grade students of SMA 2 Enrekang in academic 2017/2018. This research employed cluster random sampling technique. The sample consisted of 72 students which belong to two classes; 36 students in experimental class and also 36 students in control class. Research instruments were used to collect the data in this research namely reading comprehension test and questionnaire. The result of the students’ reading score in this research showed that the experimental class improved significantly from 69.69 up to 86.61. While, in control class the result improved from 66.22 up to 75.89. Therefore, the significant values of Independent t-test 0.000 < α = 0.05. It means that the alternative hypothesis (H1) was accepted. Moreover, based on the students’ response on questionnaire showed that the mean score of interest was 80.61 and it was categorized as interested.

scholarly journals The Effect of Rekattidiri Ovitrap towards Aedes aegypti Larval Density

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Malik Saepudin ◽  
Soeharyo Hadisaputro ◽  
Ari Suwondo ◽  
Suhartono Suhartono
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Larval Density ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Dengue Disease ◽  
Density Index ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Mean

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a health problem in Indonesia. The entire region of Indonesia at risk of contracting dengue disease. The study aims to prove the effect of modifications ovitrap rekattidiri on the density of larvae (HI: House Index, CI: Container Index and BI: Breteu Index) as well as comparing the differences between the mean larvae trapped between ovitrap Rekattidiri with standard ovitrap. Using a quasi experimental design, time series experimental design with Control group. Population subjects were Aedes aegypti at the endemic sites in Pontianak, West Borneo. The results showed larval density index in the intervention area decreased each ie HI from 26% to 3%, CI of 6.95% to 2.19 %, and BI from 29% to 13%. The number of larvae trapped in ovitrap rekattidiri ie 70% (12,770 larvae) more than the standard ovitrap in the control and intervention, namely: 17% (3,057 larvae) and 13% (2,334 larvae). It is concluded that there are significant modifications Rekattidiri ovitrap against larval density index (HI p-value: 0.025, CI p-value: 0.052, BI value of p: 0.04) and there are differences between the mean larvae trapped in ovitrap Rekattidiri and standard ovitrap with p value: 0.001.

scholarly journals A New Exclusive Breastfeeding Booklet to Improve Self-Efficacy

2021 ◽  
pp. 870-880
Author(s):  
Suryani Hartati ◽  
Nuraini Hakim
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Provide Health Education

Breastfeeding self-efficacy is defined as the mother’s belief in their ability to breastfeed the baby. Health education is important to increase the mother’s confidence. The purpose of this study was to test the effect of an exclusive breastfeeding booklet to increase breastfeeding self-efficacy in prenatal mothers until the postnatal period. This study was conducted using a quasi-experimental design. The results showed that providing a booklet for mothers increased self-efficacy towards exclusive breastfeeding with the mean after intervention was 60.97, p<0.005. Our study suggests health care professionals provide health education and motivate mothers to improve their confidence with regards to breastfeeding for at least six months.   Keywords: Breastfeeding self-efficacy, exclusive breastfeeding, health education

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Realia in Writing Descriptive Text: a Case of the Seventh Grade Students of SMP N 4 Semarang

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Devi Budi Wijaya ◽  
Suwandi Suwandi ◽  
Sukma Nur Ardini
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
T Test ◽  
Teaching Writing ◽  
Seventh Grade ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Academic Year

This study is based on the research which attempted to examine the effectiveness of realia in writing descriptive text by the seventh grade students. The objectives of the research were (1) to analyze and find out  the students’ ability in writing descriptive text who are taught by using realia, (2) to analyze and find out  the students’ ability in writing descriptive text who are taught without using realia, (3) also to analyze and find out whether there is significant difference between students who are taught by using realia and those taught without using realia. Quasi experimental design was used with the population of 256 seventh grade students of SMP N 4 Semarang in the academic year 2017/2018. By using purposive sampling technique, there were two classes chosen as the sample of this study; vii a and vii b. The instruments of collecting data used were tests; pre-test and post-test. After the data were collected, they were analysed using t-test. The findings were as follows: (1) the ability in writing descriptive text by the students taught using realia was good with the mean of the post-test was 80.21. (2) the ability in writing descriptive text by the students taught without using realia was adequate with the mean of the post-test was 74.44. (3) there was significant difference of the two group students. t-test 4.89 > t-table 2.00. therefore, ha was accepted that realia was effective as a media in teaching writing of descriptive text.

scholarly journals The Use of Prezi with Know, Want, and Learn (KWL) Strategy to Enhance Students Reading Comprehension

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Sitti Maryam Hamid ◽  
Andi Qashas Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
First Grade ◽  
T Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cluster Random Sampling

The objectives of this research were to find out whether the use of Prezi with KWL Strategy enhances the reading comprehension and the students’ interest. This research employed quasi-experimental design. The population of this research was the first-grade students of SMAN 5 Makassar in academic 2015/2016. This research employed cluster random sampling technique. The sample consisted of 72 students which belong to two classes; 36 students in experimental class and also 36 students in control class. Research instruments were used to collect the data in this research namely reading comprehension test and questionnaire. The result of the students’ reading score in this research showed that the experimental class improved significantly from 69.69 up to 86.61. While in control class the result improved from 66.22 up to 75.89. Therefore, the significant values of Independent t-test 0.000 < α = 0.05. It means that the alternative hypothesis (H1) was accepted. Moreover, based on the students’ response on questionnaire showed that the mean score of interest was 80.61 and it was categorized as interested. Keywords: KWL Strategy, Prezi, reading comprehension, interest 

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