scholarly journals Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Modulates Frontal and Temporal Time-Varying EEG Network in Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Pilot Study

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penghui Song ◽  
Han Tong ◽  
Luyan Zhang ◽  
Hua Lin ◽  
Ningning Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Brain Network Connectivity ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a highly prevalent yet poorly understood chronic mental disorder. Previous studies have associated GAD with excessive activation of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). This study aimed to investigate the effect of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (repetitive TMS, rTMS) targeting the right DLPFC on clinical symptoms and TMS-evoked time-varying brain network connectivity in patients with GAD. Eleven patients with GAD received 1 Hz rTMS treatment targeting the right DLPFC for 10 days. The severity of the clinical symptoms was evaluated using the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) and the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) at baseline, right after treatment, and at the one-month follow-up. Co-registration of single-pulse TMS (targeting the right DLPFC) and electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) was performed pre- and post-treatment in these patients and 11 healthy controls. Time-varying brain network connectivity was analyzed using the adaptive directed transfer function. The scores of HAMA and HAMD significantly decreased after low-frequency rTMS treatment, and these improvements in ratings remained at the one-month follow-up. Analyses of the time-varying EEG network in the healthy controls showed a continuous weakened connection information outflow in the left frontal and mid-temporal regions. Compared with the healthy controls, the patients with GAD showed weakened connection information outflow in the left frontal pole and the posterior temporal pole at baseline. After 10-day rTMS treatment, the network patterns showed weakened connection information outflow in the left frontal and temporal regions. The time-varying EEG network changes induced by TMS perturbation targeting right DLPFC in patients with GAD were characterized by insufficient information outflow in the left frontal and temporal regions. Low-frequency rTMS targeting the right DLPFC reversed these abnormalities and improved the clinical symptoms of GAD.

scholarly journals Different effects of the DRD4 genotype on intrinsic brain network connectivity strength in drug-naïve children with ADHD and healthy controls

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuangli Chen ◽  
Andan Qian ◽  
Jiejie Tao ◽  
Ronghui Zhou ◽  
Chuqi Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Functional Relationships ◽  
Brain Network Connectivity ◽  
Drug Naïve

AbstractThe dopamine D4 receptor gene (DRD4) has been consistently reported to be associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Recent studies have linked DRD4 to functional connectivity among specific brain regions. The current study aimed to compare the effects of the DRD4 genotype on functional integrity in drug-naïve ADHD children and healthy children. Resting-state functional MRI images were acquired from 49 children with ADHD and 37 healthy controls (HCs). We investigated the effects of the 2-repeat allele of DRD4 on brain network connectivity in both groups using a parameter called the degree of centrality (DC), which indexes local functional relationships across the entire brain connectome. A voxel-wise two-way ANCOVA was performed to examine the diagnosis-by-genotype interactions on DC maps. Significant diagnosis-by-genotype interactions with DC were found in the temporal lobe, including the left inferior temporal gyrus (ITG) and bilateral middle temporal gyrus (MTG) (GRF corrected at voxel level p < 0.001 and cluster level p < 0.05, two-tailed). With the further subdivision of the DC network according to anatomical distance, additional brain regions with significant interactions were found in the long-range DC network, including the left superior parietal gyrus (SPG) and right middle frontal gyrus (MFG). The post-hoc pairwise analysis found that altered network centrality related to DRD4 differed according to diagnostic status (p < 0.05). This genetic imaging study suggests that the DRD4 genotype regulates the functional integration of brain networks in children with ADHD and HCs differently. This may have important implications for our understanding of the role of DRD4 in altering functional connectivity in ADHD subjects.

scholarly journals Miswiring the brain: Human prenatal Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol use associated with altered fetal hippocampal brain network connectivity

2021 ◽  
pp. 101000
Author(s):  
Moriah E. Thomason ◽  
Ava C. Palopoli ◽  
Nicki N. Jariwala ◽  
Denise M. Werchan ◽  
Alan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Brain Network Connectivity ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Altered Brain Network Connectivity as a Potential Endophenotype of Schizophrenia

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Li ◽  
Teng-Teng Fan ◽  
Rong-Jiang Zhao ◽  
Ying Han ◽  
Le Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Brain Network Connectivity

scholarly journals Childhood Trauma Associated With Abnormal Resting-State Brain Network Connectivity in First-Episode Schizophrenia Patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangyun Long ◽  
Jiaxin Wu ◽  
Fei Liu ◽  
Ansi Qi ◽  
Nan Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Resting State Networks ◽  
Attention Network ◽  
Brain Network Connectivity ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia

Abstract Childhood trauma is a central risk factor for schizophrenia. We explored the correlation between early traumatic experiences and the functional connectivity of resting-state networks. This fMRI study included 28 first-episode schizophrenia patients and 27 healthy controls. In first-episode schizophrenia patients, higher levels of childhood trauma associated with abnormal connections of resting-state networks, and these anomalies distributed among task-positive networks (i.e., ventral attention network, dorsal-ventral attention network and frontal-parietal network), and sensory networks (i.e., visual network and auditory network). These findings mentioned that childhood traumatic experiences may impact resting-state network connectivity in adulthood, mainly involving systems related to attention and execution control.

scholarly journals Reduced DNA Methylation of the Oxytocin Receptor Gene Is Associated With Anhedonia-Asociality in Women With Recent-Onset Schizophrenia and Ultra-high Risk for Psychosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1279-1290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minji Bang ◽  
Jee In Kang ◽  
Se Joo Kim ◽  
Jin Young Park ◽  
Kyung Ran Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Oxytocin Receptor ◽  
Epigenetic Alterations ◽  
Oxytocin Receptor Gene ◽  
Recent Onset ◽  
Brain Network Connectivity

Abstract Negative symptoms are recognized as a fundamental feature of schizophrenia throughout the disease course. Epigenetic alterations in the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) may be a key mechanism involved in social-emotional disturbances of schizophrenia. Here, we investigated OXTR methylation and its association with clinical and brain network connectivity phenotypes of negative symptoms, particularly anhedonia-asociality, in individuals with recent-onset schizophrenia (ROS) and at ultrahigh risk (UHR) for psychosis. Sixty-four ROS (39 women), 46 UHR (19 women), and 98 healthy individuals (52 women) participated in this study. OXTR methylation was quantified using the pyrosequencing method. A subset of participants (16 ROS, 23 UHR, and 33 healthy controls [HCs]) underwent a 5.5-minute resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging to determine the relationship between OXTR methylation and the striatal-amygdala network functional connectivity (FC) underlying anhedonia-asociality. Both men and women with ROS and UHR showed significantly decreased OXTR methylation compared to HCs. In women with ROS and UHR, decreased OXTR methylation showed a significant correlation with increased anhedonia-asociality. FC of the striatal-amygdala network, positively associated with the severity of anhedonia-asociality, showed an inverse correlation with OXTR methylation. This study suggests that epigenetic alterations of OXTR, which can be detected before the development of full-blown psychosis, confer susceptibility to schizophrenia and play a crucial role in the manifestation of anhedonia-asociality, particularly in women.

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