Under COVID-19 Pandemic: A Quasi-Experimental Trial of Observation on Diabetes Patients' Health Behavior Affected by the Pandemic From a Coaching Intervention Program

Introduction: The aim of this study was to explore the impact of diabetes self-management and HbA1c affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the epidemic prevention work.Methods: This quasi-experimental study collected a pooled data from a randomized-control study between February and May 2020 in which 114 participants who presented type 2 diabetes were recruited. The intervention group had health coaching and usual care, whereas the control had usual care only. The main outcome variables of this observation study were the change of HbA1c, physical activity, and eating out behavior within this time interval.Results: We found that the eating out behavior of both groups had decreased, and if a health coach helped the patients set physical activity goals in the two groups, the physical activity behavior will not be impacted due to the pandemic.Conclusions: While every country is focusing on COVID-19 pandemic prevention, especially when strict home quarantine measures and social distancing are adopted, reminding and assisting chronic patients to maintain good self-management behavior may lessen the social and medical system burdens caused by the deterioration of chronic conditions due to the excessive risk prevention behavior and the epidemic prevention work.Trial Registration:www.isrctn.com, identifier number: ISRCTN14167790, date: 12 July, 2019.

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Nurse Coaching and Mobile Health Compared With Usual Care to Improve Diabetes Self-Efficacy for Persons With Type 2 Diabetes: Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.16665 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Heather M Young ◽

Sheridan Miyamoto ◽

Madan Dharmar ◽

Yajarayma Tang-Feldman

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Usual Care ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Self Management ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Mhealth Technology

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes is a growing public health problem amenable to prevention and health promotion. As healthy behaviors have an impact on disease outcomes, approaches to support and sustain diabetes self-management are vital. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a nurse coaching program using motivational interviewing paired with mobile health (mHealth) technology on diabetes self-efficacy and self-management for persons with type 2 diabetes. METHODS This randomized controlled trial compared usual care with an intervention that entailed nurse health coaching and mHealth technology to track patient-generated health data and integrate these data into an electronic health record. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) enrolled at 1 of 3 primary care clinics, (2) aged 18 years or above, (3) living with type 2 diabetes, and (4) English-speaking. We collected outcome measures at baseline, 3 months, and 9 months. The primary outcome was diabetes self-efficacy; secondary outcomes were depressive symptoms, perceived stress, physical functioning, and emotional distress and anxiety. Linear regression mixed modeling estimated the population trends and individual differences in change. RESULTS We enrolled 319 participants; 287 participants completed the study (155 control and 132 intervention). The participants in the intervention group had significant improvements in diabetes self-efficacy (Diabetes Empowerment Scale, 0.34; 95% CI –0.15,0.53; <i>P</i><.01) and a decrease in depressive symptoms compared with usual care at 3 months (Patient Health Questionnaire-9; 0.89; 95% CI 0.01-1.77; <i>P</i>=.05), with no differences in the other outcomes. The differences in self-efficacy and depression scores between the 2 arms at 9 months were not sustained. The participants in the intervention group demonstrated a significant increase in physical activity (from 23,770 steps per week to 39,167 steps per week at 3 months and 32,601 per week at 9 months). CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated the short-term effectiveness of this intervention; however, by 9 months, although physical activity remained above the baseline, the improvements in self-efficacy were not sustained. Further research should evaluate the minimum dose of coaching required to continue progress after active intervention and the potential of technology to provide effective ongoing automated reinforcement for behavior change. CLINICALTRIAL ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02672176; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02672176

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Nurse Coaching and Mobile Health Compared With Usual Care to Improve Diabetes Self-Efficacy for Persons With Type 2 Diabetes: Randomized Controlled Trial

JMIR mhealth and uhealth ◽

10.2196/16665 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. e16665 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Heather M Young ◽

Sheridan Miyamoto ◽

Madan Dharmar ◽

Yajarayma Tang-Feldman

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Usual Care ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Self Management ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Mhealth Technology

Background Type 2 diabetes is a growing public health problem amenable to prevention and health promotion. As healthy behaviors have an impact on disease outcomes, approaches to support and sustain diabetes self-management are vital. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a nurse coaching program using motivational interviewing paired with mobile health (mHealth) technology on diabetes self-efficacy and self-management for persons with type 2 diabetes. Methods This randomized controlled trial compared usual care with an intervention that entailed nurse health coaching and mHealth technology to track patient-generated health data and integrate these data into an electronic health record. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) enrolled at 1 of 3 primary care clinics, (2) aged 18 years or above, (3) living with type 2 diabetes, and (4) English-speaking. We collected outcome measures at baseline, 3 months, and 9 months. The primary outcome was diabetes self-efficacy; secondary outcomes were depressive symptoms, perceived stress, physical functioning, and emotional distress and anxiety. Linear regression mixed modeling estimated the population trends and individual differences in change. Results We enrolled 319 participants; 287 participants completed the study (155 control and 132 intervention). The participants in the intervention group had significant improvements in diabetes self-efficacy (Diabetes Empowerment Scale, 0.34; 95% CI –0.15,0.53; P<.01) and a decrease in depressive symptoms compared with usual care at 3 months (Patient Health Questionnaire-9; 0.89; 95% CI 0.01-1.77; P=.05), with no differences in the other outcomes. The differences in self-efficacy and depression scores between the 2 arms at 9 months were not sustained. The participants in the intervention group demonstrated a significant increase in physical activity (from 23,770 steps per week to 39,167 steps per week at 3 months and 32,601 per week at 9 months). Conclusions We demonstrated the short-term effectiveness of this intervention; however, by 9 months, although physical activity remained above the baseline, the improvements in self-efficacy were not sustained. Further research should evaluate the minimum dose of coaching required to continue progress after active intervention and the potential of technology to provide effective ongoing automated reinforcement for behavior change. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02672176; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02672176

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'Effectiveness Of A Peer Support Intervention Program On Obesity Control Among Women In A Rural Area Of Turkey' (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.34614 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Berna Bilgin Şahin ◽

Erhan Eser

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Peer Support ◽

Intervention Program ◽

Intervention Group ◽

The Body ◽

Obesity Prevalence ◽

Community Based ◽

Support Intervention ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

Obesity Interventions

BACKGROUND Obesity in women is one of the leading public health problems globally. Peer support interventions have been effective in many areas of health promotion, and they have also been successful in obesity prevention and treatment. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this research was to reduce the Body Mass Index, fat ratio, and fat amount of the targeted women through the support of their peers (leading women) by regulating nutrition and improving physical activity in a rural community. METHODS This is a quasi-experimental obesity peer-led intervention study called the Leading Woman Model. At baseline, the obesity prevalence was found to be 60.5% among women aged 18–64 (n = 655) living in a rural district of Turkey. Of the participants (n = 137), 86.9% completed the 3rd month and 78.1% the 6th month of the intervention. Leading women (n = 11) were recruited from the community to supervise and monitor their own target groups of women during the intervention, which included supervised balanced nutrition and regular physical activity. RESULTS The mean age of the target intervention group was 42.8 ± 12.2. Significant improvements were observed in the body weight of the participating in the 3rd (-1.15 ± 2.51 kg) and 6th month (-1.13 ± 4.15 kg) of the intervention (p <0.05). Of the women, 10.9% lost at least 5% of their weight by the 3rd month and 13.1% by the 6th month of intervention, and 8.4% and 11.2% of the women achieved a better BMI category in the 3rd and 6th month of intervention, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Community-based obesity interventions are challenging but much more promising than those based at a facility. We suggest the Leading Women Model for community-based obesity interventions in women.

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“Body & Brain”: effects of a multicomponent exercise intervention on physical and cognitive function of adults with dementia - study protocol for a quasi-experimental controlled trial

BMC Geriatrics ◽

10.1186/s12877-021-02104-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Joana Carvalho ◽

Flávia Borges-Machado ◽

Duarte Barros ◽

Arnaldina Sampaio ◽

Inês Marques-Aleixo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Exercise Intervention ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Control Group ◽

Health And Social Care ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Dementia is a leading cause of death and disability that was declared as one of the greatest health and social care challenges of the twenty-first century. Regular physical activity and exercise have been proposed as a non-pharmacological strategy in disease prevention and management. Multicomponent Training (MT) combines aerobic, strength, balance and postural exercises and might be an effective training to improve both functional capacity and cognitive function in individuals with dementia (IwD). Nevertheless, data on the effects of MT in IwD are still limited and the extent to which IwD can retain improvements after an exercise intervention still needs to be elucidated. The aim of “Body & Brain” study is to investigate the effects of a 6-month MT intervention and 3-month detraining on the physical and cognitive function of IwD. Additionally, we aim to explore the impact of this intervention on psychosocial factors and physiologic markers related to dementia. Methods This study is a quasi-experimental controlled trial using a parallel-group design. The study sample consists of community-dwelling individuals aged ≥60 years who are clinically diagnosed with dementia or major neurocognitive disorder. Participants will be either allocated into the intervention group or the control group. The intervention group will participate in MT biweekly exercise sessions, whereas the control group will receive monthly sessions regarding physical activity and health-related topics for 6 months. The main outcomes will be physical function as measured by the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and cognitive function evaluated using the Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale – Cognitive (ADAS-Cog) at baseline, after 6-months and 3-months after the end of intervention. Secondary outcomes will be body composition, physical fitness, daily functionality, quality of life, neuropsychiatric symptoms and caregiver’s burden. Cardiovascular, inflammatory and neurotrophic blood-based biomarkers, and arterial stiffness will also be evaluated in subsamples. Discussion If our hypothesis is correct, this project will provide evidence regarding the efficacy of MT training in improving physical and cognitive function and give insights about its impact on novel molecular biomarkers related to dementia. This project may also contribute to provide guidelines on exercise prescription for IwD. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov – identifier number NCT04095962; retrospectively registered on 19 September 2019.

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The Incidence of Obesity, Assessed as Adiposity, Is Reduced After 1 Year in Primary Schoolchildren by the POIBA Intervention

Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.1093/jn/nxy259 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 149 (2) ◽

pp. 258-269 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Carles Ariza ◽

Francesca Sánchez-Martínez ◽

Gemma Serral ◽

Sara Valmayor ◽

Olga Juárez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Childhood Obesity ◽

Effect Size ◽

Intervention Program ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Skinfold Thickness ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

Prevalence Of Obesity ◽

Age Range

ABSTRACT Background Childhood obesity is becoming a serious problem, and prevention programs are needed. Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate, after 1 y, the effectiveness of a multicomponent, school-based obesity intervention program. Methods This intervention, conducted in Barcelona, Spain, was a quasi-experimental obesity primary prevention intervention targeting schoolchildren aged 9–10 y. Participants were assigned to an intervention group (IG) (1464 students) or to a comparison group (CG) (1609 students). The intervention consisted of a 9-session classroom program, 6 weekly sessions of physical education and out-of-school physical activity, and a workshop for families. It lasted from October 2011 to May 2012. Data obtained at baseline (spring 2011) and follow-up (spring 2012) included information on nutrition and physical activity, through 2 self-reported questionnaires, and measurement of weight, height, triceps skinfold thickness, and waist circumference. The cumulative incidence rate (CIR) of obesity was calculated from triceps skinfold measures. A multilevel logistic regression model was fitted to determine the association between the intervention and the CIR of obesity. The effect size of the program was estimated with Cohen's criteria. Results The overall prevalence of obesity at baseline was 12.7%. At the 12-mo follow-up, the incidence of obesity was 7.8% in the IG compared with 11.4% in the CG (P < 0.005), representing 31% fewer new cases of obesity in the IG. The Cohen's d effect size of the program was 0.33. In the multilevel analysis, there was a protective effect of the intervention on the CIR of obesity at 12 mo (OR: 0.7; 95% CI: 0.5, 0.9) (P = 0.009). Conclusions The first Prevención de la Obesidad Infantil en Barcelona (Childhood Obesity Prevention in Barcelona) (POIBA) intervention, targeting children aged 9–10 y, reduced the incidence of obesity as measured by adiposity. The intervention could prevent 1 in 3 new cases of childhood obesity in this age range.

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The impact of a social network based intervention on self-management behaviours among patients with type 2 diabetes living in socioeconomically deprived neighbourhoods: a mixed methods approach

Scandinavian Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1177/1403494817701565 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 45 (6) ◽

pp. 569-583 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Charlotte Vissenberg ◽

Vera Nierkens ◽

Irene van Valkengoed ◽

Giel Nijpels ◽

Paul Uitewaal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Social Network ◽

Mixed Methods ◽

Medication Adherence ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Significant Others ◽

Self Management ◽

Control Group ◽

Mixed Methods Approach ◽

The Impact

Aims: This paper aims to explore the effect of the social network based intervention Powerful Together with Diabetes on diabetes self-management among socioeconomically deprived patients. This 10-month group intervention targeting patients and significant others aimed to improve self-management by stimulating social support and diminishing social influences that hinder self-management. Methods: This intervention was evaluated in a quasi-experimental study using a mixed methods approach. Of 131 socioeconomically deprived patients with suboptimal glycaemic control, 69 were assigned to the intervention group and 62 to the control group (standard diabetes education). 27 qualitative in-depth interviews with the participants and 24 with their group leaders were held to study the subjective impact of the intervention. Further, self-management behaviours (medication adherence, diet and physical activity) were assessed at baseline, 10 and 16 months. Data were analysed using framework analyses and a linear mixture model. Results: Qualitative data showed that the intervention group had a better understanding of the way self-management influences diabetes. The intervention group showed more complex self-management behaviours, such as planning ahead, seeking adequate food and physical activity alternatives, and consistently taking their diabetes into consideration when making choices. In participants with complete follow-up data, we found a significant increase in physical activity in the intervention group (3.78 vs. 4.83 days) and no changes in medication adherence and diet. Conclusions: This study indicates that an intensive support group and simultaneously involving significant others might improve diabetes self-management behaviours among socioeconomically deprived patients. More studies are needed to justify further implementation of the intervention. This study is registered in the Dutch Trial Register NTR1886. http://www.trialregister.nl/trialreg/admin/rctview.asp?TC=1886

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Stopping the Drop: Examining the Impact of a Pilot Physical Literacy-Based Intervention Program on Physical Activity Behaviours and Fitness during the Transition into University

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17165832 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (16) ◽

pp. 5832

Author(s):

Matthew Y. W. Kwan ◽

Jeffrey D. Graham ◽

Cierra Healey ◽

Natalie Paolucci ◽

Denver M. Brown

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Intervention Program ◽

Life Transitions ◽

First Year ◽

Life Transition ◽

Physical Literacy ◽

Major Life ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

The Impact

The move to university is a major life transition associated with precipitous declines in physical activity (PA). While it remains unclear how these declines can be best attenuated, the concept of physical literacy (PL) or enhancements of PL may be a promising modality to promote PA during life transitions. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the impact of a pilot PL-based intervention on PA and fitness for students transitioning into university. Participants included 65 first-year students (Mage = 17.85 ± 0.51; n = 46 females), enrolled in a quasi-experimental study. Intervention participants (n = 26) participated in a 12-week novel movement skills program conducted in a group-based environment. Results from the 2 × 2 repeated measures ANOVA found moderate effects in the time by condition interaction F(1,56) = 2.70, p = 0.11, ηp2 = 0.08 for PA behaviors as well as for estimated cardiorespiratory fitness F(1,61) = 8.35, p = 0.005, ηp2 = 0.12. Findings from our pilot program suggest that PL may be an effective modality to help first-year university students maintain fitness and attenuate the declines in PA behaviors when transitioning into university. Similar trials with larger samples are required.

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Effects on self-management behaviour after an individual nurse-led counselling programme for patients discharged early after myocardial infarction: A 12-month randomised controlled follow-up

European Journal for Person Centered Healthcare ◽

10.5750/ejpch.v5i4.1362 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 471

Author(s):

Gunhild Brørs ◽

Tone M Norekvål ◽

Liv Heidi Skotnes ◽

Ulla Romild ◽

Bengt Fridlund

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Usual Care ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Self Management ◽

Control Group ◽

Average Intensity ◽

Relevant Effect ◽

Management Behaviour

Rationale, aims and objectives: Secondary prevention programmes reduce cardiovascular risk, but few studies have evaluated whether a nurse-led intervention for patients discharged early after myocardial infarction (MI) promotes self-management behaviour. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an individual nurse-led counselling programme combined with usual care versus usual care alone on self-management behaviour of patients discharged early after MI.Methods: Seventy-one patients were randomised to either the usual care (control group) or to the usual care combined with a 6-month follow-up individual nurse-led counselling programme (intervention group). The latter consisted of 3 face-to-face sessions and 2 telephone contacts over 6 months, starting 2 weeks after discharge. Primary outcome measures at 6- and 12-month follow-up was the difference in self-management behaviour assessed by the patient activation measure (PAM). Secondary outcomes included physical activity and diet habit.Results: The median age of patients was 63 years and 70% were males. The intervention group had a greater effect on their PAM scores and had higher average intensity and longer duration of physical activity at 6-months and a higher summary index of weekly physical activity at 6- and 12-month follow-up compared to the control group. There was a clinically relevant effect on diet score within the intervention group at 6- and 12-month follow-up.Conclusions: An individual nurse-led counselling programme combined with usual care for post-MI treatment, had an effect on self-management behaviour at 6-month follow-up. The results also indicate an effect on health behaviour at 12-month follow-up.

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The Impact of a College Career Intervention Program on Career Decision Self-Efficacy, Career Indecision, and Decision-Making Difficulties

Journal of Career Assessment ◽

10.1177/1069072717714539 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 425-444 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Michele Lam ◽

Angeli Santos

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Decision Making ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Intervention Program ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Career Decision ◽

Career Indecision ◽

Career Decision Making ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

The Impact

A quasi-experimental longitudinal intervention study utilizing intervention and comparison groups was carried out with first-year Malaysian college students in order to evaluate the effectiveness of a careers course designed to help students in their career decision-making. Participants in both groups were given questionnaires assessing career decision self-efficacy (CDSE), career indecision, and career decision-making difficulties at various time points. Career indecision and decision-making difficulties (CDDs) are different constructs in that research on career indecision encompasses a wider area wherein the identification of sources of career indecision, often referred to as decision-making difficulties, is one line of research. Gender differences at the outset and over the duration of the course were also examined. Results indicated that upon completion of the course participants in the intervention group experienced increased CDSE and reduced career indecision compared to the comparison group. An overall decrease in career decision-making difficulties was also observed, but further investigation revealed that the decrease was not significant in 1 of 10 subcategories of difficulties. Although gender differences in career indecision and career decision-making difficulties were observed at the outset, these disappeared over the course of the intervention. Implications and suggestions for further research are discussed.

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Assessing the impact of the European resilience curriculum in preschool, early and late primary school children

School Psychology International ◽

10.1177/01430343211025075 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 014303432110250

Author(s):

Celeste Simões ◽

Anabela C. Santos ◽

Paula Lebre ◽

João R. Daniel ◽

Cátia Branquinho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Well Being ◽

Primary School Children ◽

Control Group ◽

Physical And Mental Health ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

Mental Health Difficulties ◽

Prosocial Behaviours ◽

The Impact

Resilience is an individual’s ability to adapt successfully to and persevere during and after significant challenges. Resilience programmes based on a socioemotional learning approach have been associated with an increase in protextive factors (e.g., prosocial competencies), improvements in physical and mental health, and a decrease in internalised and externalised symptoms. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of the RESCUR curriculum implemented in Portuguese schools on students’ academic, behavioural, and socioemotional outcomes, based on child and teacher reports. Participants included 1,084 children (53.2% male) aged 3-15 ( M = 7.24, SD = 2.31). A quasi-experimental study compared outcomes for an experimental intervention group (AIG) with a waiting list control group (WG). The results showed the RESCUR programme decreased mental health difficulties while increasing both prosocial behaviours and well-being. In addition, academic performance increased for those in preschool after implementation. Both teachers and children consistently reported positive behavioural changes in resilience-related competencies after implementing RESCUR. Our findings contribute to the recent research on the potential of RESCUR to address key socioemotional competencies and improve relevant protextive factors. Study limitations and future recommendations are addressed.

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