scholarly journals Evaluation of Advanced Field Epidemiology Training Programs in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: A Multi-Country Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohannad Al Nsour ◽  
Yousef Khader ◽  
Haitham Bashier ◽  
Majd Alsoukhni

Field Epidemiology Training Programs (FETPs) are competency-based training programs aiming to strengthen the epidemiologic capacity of the public health workforce. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the advanced FETPs in the Eastern Mediterranean region (EMR) and ascertain whether the expected objectives of the programs are met. A descriptive study was conducted based on Kirkpatrick's model for evaluating training programs. Data were collected from FETP graduates and FETP technical advisers on the practices of FETP graduates, their engagement in key areas of field epidemiology, and their perceived skills and capacity to perform such activities. A total of 166 FETP graduates responded to the online survey. Almost two-thirds of FETP graduates reported that they are often engaged in managing public health surveillance systems (n = 119, 71.7%), analyzing the surveillance data (n = 116, 69.9%), training public health professionals (n = 113, 68.1%), investigations on and response to outbreaks (n = 109, 65.7%), and managing staff and resources (n = 106, 63.9%). However, only 28.3% reported that they are often engaged in writing scientific research articles. More than two-thirds of graduates reported that the FETP helped them to perform most of the field epidemiology activities and rate their skills as good. In conclusion, the FETP graduates in the EMR were well engaged in many field epidemiology activities including managing public health surveillance systems, surveillance data analysis, training public health professionals, and investigations on and response to outbreaks. Therefore, the FETPs should continue supporting the graduates to work toward strengthening surveillance systems and investigating outbreaks and to participate in regional and global efforts as part of the Global Health Security.

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohannad Al Nsour ◽  
Ibrahim Iblan ◽  
Mohammed Rasoul Tarawneh

UNSTRUCTURED Field Epidemiology Training Programs (FETPs) are 2-year training programs in applied epidemiology, established with the purpose of increasing a country’s capacity within the public health workforce to detect and respond to health threats and develop internal expertise in field epidemiology. The Jordan Ministry of Health, in partnership with the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, started the Jordan FETP (J-FETP) in 1998. Since then, it has achieved a high standard of success and has been established as a model for FETPs in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Here we describe the J-FETP, its role in building the epidemiologic capacity of Jordan’s public health workforce, and its activities and achievements, which have grown the program to be self-sustaining within the Jordan Ministry of Health. Since its inception, the program’s residents and graduates have assisted the country to improve its surveillance systems, including revising the mortality surveillance policy, implementing the use of electronic data reporting, investigating outbreaks at national and regional levels, contributing to noncommunicable disease research and surveillance, and responding to regional emergencies and disasters. J-FETP’s structure and systems of support from the Jordan Ministry of Health and local, regional, and international partners have contributed to the success and sustainability of the J-FETP. The J-FETP has contributed significantly to improvements in surveillance systems, control of infectious diseases, outbreak investigations, and availability of reliable morbidity and mortality data in Jordan. Moreover, the program has supported public health and epidemiology in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Best practices of the J-FETP can be applied to FETPs throughout the world.


Author(s):  
Lisa M. Lee

Public health surveillance is one approach used by public health professionals to gather evidence to inform public health policies and actions. Related ethical considerations have evolved over time, from those common to infectious disease surveillance, such as privacy and confidentiality, consent, discrimination, and stigma, to additional considerations related to the surveillance of noncommunicable conditions, such as self-determination justice, and provision of benefit. Recent advances in technology, data science, data collection, and expectations of how public health surveillance can serve the public good have substantial implications for how public health professionals should design and conduct ethical surveillance systems. Public health professionals can anticipate, address, and potentially avoid ethical conflicts by integrating ethical considerations throughout the development and implementation of a public health surveillance system.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohannad Al Nsour ◽  
Tala Chahien ◽  
Yousef Khader ◽  
Mirwais Amiri ◽  
Hana Taha

Research is essential for evidence-based decision making. This study aimed to identify research priorities in the areas of field epidemiology and public health in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) from the perspectives of public health professionals. A Delphi technique, using online survey, was employed to reach 168 public health professionals who have experience in the EMR countries. The study took place between November 2019 and January 2020. Consensus on the research priorities was reached after two-round online questionnaires. A list of top 10 field epidemiology and public health research priorities in the EMR was developed. Of those priorities, four fell under health in emergency, war and armed conflict, two under communicable diseases, two under immunization, one under digital health, and one under sexual, reproductive, and adolescent health. Availability, adequacy, and quality of health services in crisis settings were scored as a top priority (mean = 4.4, rank 1), followed by use of technology to improve the collection, documentation, and analysis of health data (mean = 4.28, rank 2), and capacity of countries in the region to respond to emergencies (mean = 4.25, rank 3). This study was conducted prior to COVID-19 pandemic and, thus, it did not capture COVID-19 research as a priority area. Nevertheless, identified priorities under communicable diseases including outbreak investigation of infectious diseases, epidemics and challenges related to communicable diseases in the EMR were still notable. In conclusion, the field epidemiology and public health research priorities identified in this study through a systematic inclusive process could be useful to make informed decisions and gear the research efforts to improve the health of people in the EMR.


2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Huang ◽  
Wayne Loschen

ObjectiveThe objective of this presentation is to explore emerging technologies and how they will impact the public health field. New technologies such as blockchain, artificial intelligence (AI), and the Internet of Things (IoT) will likely be incorporated into epidemiological methods and processes. This presentation will provide an overview of these technologies and focus on how they may impact public health surveillance in the future.IntroductionWith the increase in the amount of public health data along with the growth of public health informatics, it is important for epidemiologists to understand the current trends in technology and the impact they may have in the field. Because it is unfeasible for public health professionals to be an expert in every emerging technology, this presentation seeks to provide them with a better understanding of how emerging technologies may impact the field and the level of expertise required to realize benefits from the new technologies. Furthermore, understanding the capabilities provided by emerging technologies may guide future training and continuing education for public health professionals.MethodsAnalysis of current capabilities and potential advances in emerging technologies such as blockchain, AI, and IoT were performed by reviewing articles and whitepapers. In addition to a literature review, interviews will be performed with public health experts to determine how the emerging technologies align with current practices and the extent to which they may solve existing public health surveillance challenges.ResultsThe literature review revealed many emerging technologies and potential applications in the public health field, including:BlockchainBlockchains can serve as electronic health information exchanges that hold the metadata and access information for patient electronic health records (EHRs).1 These systems can ensure data privacy protections while also facilitate relevant data sharing from EHRs to disease surveillance systems. Furthermore, blockchain technology can be used in food supply chain management systems. During food contamination events, epidemiologists can trace through the blockchain to identify possible sources of the contamination.2AIAI can be used to improve the prediction and detection capabilities of disease surveillance systems. Machine learning algorithms can reveal patterns in the data and enable faster anomaly detection. Furthermore, machine learning models can be trained on data to create predictive models.IoTUrban IoT systems can monitor environmental indices including water and air quality, energy consumption, waste management, and traffic congestion in smart cities.3 The data collected from such systems can be incorporated into more comprehensive disease surveillance systems and assist epidemiologists in better understanding populations and environmental risk factors.We will analyze and discuss such prospective applications with public health professionals to determine their potential impact on public health processes and practices in the next one, five, and ten years.ConclusionsBlockchain, AI, IoT and other emerging technologies have applications in public health surveillance and impact the field to varying degrees. In addition to technological advances, there will be barriers to adoption that must be overcome before the value provided by the technologies can be realized. Many new technologies will require significant collaboration between public health departments, healthcare providers, and other partners to successfully incorporate the technologies into epidemiological processes. These collaborations include forming consortiums to exchange data in a blockchain and working with IoT providers for data access. Some technologies will require public health professionals to obtain additional training before they can take full advantage of the capabilities provided, while other technologies may be implemented by external partners allowing epidemiologists to utilize the new capabilities without the need to completely understand the underlying concepts. As emerging technologies are introduced into the public health field, a strong understanding of their capabilities and suitable applications will allow public health professionals to fully capture the benefits provided by the new technologies.References1. Ekblaw A, Azaria A, Halamka JD, Lippman A. A Case Study for Blockchain in Healthcare:“MedRec” prototype for electronic health records and medical research data. InProceedings of IEEE open & big data conference 2016 Aug 22 (Vol. 13, p. 13).2. Yiannas F. A New Era of Food Transparency Powered by Blockchain. Innovations: Technology, Governance, Globalization. 2018 Jul;12(1-2):46-56.3. Zanella A, Bui N, Castellani A, Vangelista L, Zorzi M. Internet of things for smart cities. IEEE Internet of Things Journal. 2014 Feb 14;1(1):22-32.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randa Saad ◽  
Mohannad A l Nsour ◽  
Yousef Khader ◽  
Magid Al Gunaid

BACKGROUND The two main general categories of surveillance include indicator-based surveillance and event or case-based surveillance. However, new and novel approaches in surveillance are in a constant state of high and immediate demand to tackle unexpected health challenges in a timely manner directly, and address community health concerns. Bibliometric analysis of scientific literature on surveillance helps foster an understanding of the scientific development and thus potentially supports future development directions. OBJECTIVE To illustrate the scientific production, quantify the scholarly impact, and highlight the characteristics of publications on public health surveillance (PHS) in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) over the last decade. METHODS We performed a Scopus search using keywords relating to PHS or its disciplines, cross referenced with EMR countries, from 2011-July 2021. Data were exported and analyzed using Microsoft Excel and VOSviewer. Quality of Journals was determined using SCImago journal rank. RESULTS We retrieved 1,987 documents, of which 97% were articles or reviews. There was an incremental increase in the number of publications (exponential growth, R2=0.80) over the last decade. Publications were mostly affiliated with Iran (N=501, 25%), United States (N=468, 24%), Pakistan (N=243, 12%), Egypt (N=224, 11%) and Saudi Arabia (N=209, 11%). However, Iran only had links with 40 other countries (total link strength 164) and the biggest collaborator from the EMR was Egypt, with 67 links (total link strength 402). Within the other EMR countries, only Morocco, Lebanon, and Jordan produced ≥79 publications in the 10-year period. Most publications (N=1,551, 78%), were affiliated with EMR universities. Most Journals were categorized as medical journals, and the Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal (SJR 0.442) published the most. Retrieved documents had an average of 18.4 citations/document, and an h-index of 66. The top three most cited documents were from the Global Burden of Diseases study. We found 70 high frequency terms, occurring ≥10 times in author keywords, connected in three cluster. COVID-19, SARS-COV-2 and pandemic represent the most recent 2020 cluster. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to scholarly quantify the published literature on PHS and its disciplines in the EMR. It provides an analysis of the scientific research, with evidence-based descriptions and visualizations of research output, also shedding light on the gaps in research.


2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bashiruddin Noormal ◽  
Elmuez Eltayeb ◽  
Mohannad Al Nsour ◽  
Ezzeddine Mohsni ◽  
Yousef Khader ◽  
...  

UNSTRUCTURED Public health professionals in the Eastern Mediterranean region (EMR) have limited access to continuing education, including workshops and conferences in public health. Held under the theme Innovative Approaches: Adapting to the Current EMR Context, the Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (EMPHNET) organized and conducted the Sixth EMPHNET Regional Conference from March 26 to 29, 2018. This paper summarizes the key activities including workshops, roundtable discussions, oral and poster presentations, keynote speeches, and side meetings. Before the opening, 5 preconference workshops were held: “Field Epidemiology Training Program (FETP) Accreditation,” “Innovative Public Health Surveillance,” “Human and Animal Brucellosis,” “Rapid Response Teams,” and “Polio Transition and Routine Immunization.” The conference hosted 6 roundtable discussions: “Consolidation of the FETP Network,” “One Health to Achieve Global Health Security,” “Polio Eradication Efforts and Transition Planning for Measles Elimination,” “Mobile Data Collection and Other Innovative Tools to Enhance Decision Making,” “Confronting Candida auris: An Emerging Multidrug-resistant Global Pathogen,” and “Functioning and Sustainable Country Public Health Emergency Response Operation Framework.” One of the conference’s key objectives was to provide a space for FETP residents, graduates, and public health professionals to showcase achievements. A total of 421 abstracts were submitted and after professional review, 34.9% (147/421) were accepted (111 for oral presentations and 36 for poster presentations) and published by Iproceeding. The conference met the primary objectives of showcasing the public health accomplishments and contributions of the EMR, encouraging the exchange of ideas and coordination among stakeholders, and engaging cross-sectoral workforce in producing recommendations for approaching regional and global health concerns. Moreover, the conference presented a unique opportunity for FETPs and other public health professionals from the Mediterranean region to present their significant scientific work and also facilitated networking among professionals. EMPHNET strives to continue to present similar exchange opportunities for public health professionals in the region.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohannad Al Nsour ◽  
Yousef Khader ◽  
Haitham Bashier ◽  
Majd Alsoukhni

Abstract Background: Field Epidemiology Training Programs (FETPs) are competency-based training programs aiming to strengthen epidemiologic capacity of public health workforce. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the FETPs in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) and ascertain whether the expected objectives of the programs are metMethods: A descriptive study was conducted based on the Kirkpatrick’s model for evaluating training programs. Data were collected from FETP graduates and FETP technical advisers using online surveys through separate questionnaires. Questions were designed to assess the practices of FETP graduates, their engagement in key areas of field epidemiology, and their perceived skills and capacity to perform such activities.Results: A total of 166 FETP graduates responded to the online survey. Almost two thirds of FETP graduates reported that they are often engaged in managing public health surveillance system (n=119, 71.7%), analyzing the surveillance data (n=116, 69.9%), training public health professionals (n=113, 68.1%), outbreaks investigations and response (n=109, 65.7%), and managing staff and resources (n=106, 63.9%). However, only 28.3% reported that they are often engaged in writing scientific research articles. More than two thirds of graduates reported that the FETP helped them to perform most of the field epidemiology activities and rated their skills as good. However, smaller percentages of the graduates reported that their skills are good in applying simple tools for economic analysis (65, 39.2%) and writing scientific research articles (67, 40.4%).Conclusion: FETPs in the EMR have strengthened the epidemiologic capacity of public health workforce and increased the engagement of FETP graduates in public health services and field epidemiology activities. Therefore, the FETPs should continue supporting the graduates to work toward strengthening surveillance systems and outbreak investigation and to participate in regional and global efforts as part of Global Health Security. Establishment of new FETPs in other countries of the region should be supported to improve public health in all countries of the region.


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