scholarly journals Contribution of Total Screen/Online-Course Time to Asthenopia in Children During COVID-19 Pandemic via Influencing Psychological Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Li ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Moxin Chen ◽  
Xue Li ◽  
Qiao Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Stress ◽  
Online Courses ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Online Course ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Computer Vision Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Rest Time ◽  
Eye Symptoms ◽  
Learning Modes

Objectives: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) self-quarantine period, the transition to online-course has profoundly changed the learning modes of millions of school-aged children and put them at an increased risk of asthenopia. Therefore, we aimed to determine associations of the total screen/online-course time with asthenopia prevalence among that children during the COVID-19 pandemic, and whether the associations were mediated by psychological stress.Methods: Asthenopia was defined according to a validated computer vision syndrome questionnaire (CVS-Q). We used CVS-Q to collect the frequency and intensity of 16 asthenopia-related eye symptoms of 25,781 children. Demographic features, eye care habits, visual disorders, lifestyle, psychological and environmental factors, were also collected.Results: The overall asthenopia prevalence was 12.1%, varying from 5.4 to 18.2% across grade/gender-classified subgroups. A 100-h increment of total screen/online-course time were associated with an increased risk of asthenopia by 9% [odds ratio (OR) = 1.09] and 11% (OR = 1.11), respectively. Mediation analysis showed that the proportions of total effects mediated by psychological stress were 23.5 and 38.1%, respectively. Age, female gender, having myopia or astigmatism, bad habits when watching screens were also risk factors. Conversely, keeping 34–65 cm between eyes and screen, increased rest time between classes, and increased eye exercise were all associated with a decreased risk.Conclusion: Our study indicated that the influence of long total screen or online-course time on psychological stress increases asthenopia risk. The findings of this study have provided a new avenue for intervening screen-related asthenopia in addition to incorporating a reasonable schedule of online courses into educational policy.

Prosthesis-Patient Mismatch Causes a Significantly Increased Risk of Operative Mortality in Aortic Valve Replacement

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shahzeb Khan ◽  
Faizan Imran Bawany ◽  
Asadullah Khan ◽  
Mehwish Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Aortic Valve Replacement ◽  
Valve Replacement ◽  
Operative Mortality ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Valve Prosthesis ◽  
Predictors Of Mortality ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Urgent Operation

<p><b>Background:</b> Small aortic prosthesis can lead to prosthesis-patient mismatch (PPM). Implanting such small prosthesis remains a controversial issue. This study was done to investigate whether or not PPM causes an increased operative mortality in aortic valve replacement (AVR).</p><p><b>Methods:</b> Two-hundred-two consecutive patients undergoing primary AVR in a tertiary hospital were included. The sample was grouped according to the aortic valve prosthesis size: ?21 mm (small) and >21 mm (standard). The effect of variables on outcomes was determined by univariate and multivariable regression analyses.</p><p><b>Results:</b> PPM was found significantly more among patients with AVR ? 21mm (<i>P</i> < 0.0001). Moreover, the likelihood of mortality also was significantly higher in these patients (<i>P</i> < 0.0001). Univariate analysis demonstrated small prosthesis size, urgent operation, PPM, female gender, and NYHA Class IV as significant predictors of mortality. Multivariate regression identified female gender, PPM, and urgent operation as the key independent predictors of mortality.</p><p><b>Conclusion:</b> PPM and female gender are significant predictors of mortality. Care should be taken to prevent PPM by implanting larger prosthesis especially in females.</p>

Learning Analytics Considered Harmful

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie P Dringus
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Online Learning ◽  
Learning Analytics ◽  
Online Courses ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Online Course ◽  
Full Potential

This essay is written to present a prospective stance on how learning analytics, as a core evaluative approach, must help instructors uncover the important trends and evidence of quality learner data in the online course. A critique is presented of strategic and tactical issues of learning analytics. The approach to the critique is taken through the lens of questioning the current status of applying learning analytics to online courses. The goal of the discussion is twofold: (1) to inform online learning practitioners (e.g., instructors and administrators) of the potential of learning analytics in online courses and (2) to broaden discussion in the research community about the advancement of learning analytics in online learning. In recognizing the full potential of formalizing big data in online coures, the community must address this issue also in the context of the potentially "harmful" application of learning analytics.

Language-Based Difficulties in School-Age Children with Reading Disabilities

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaitlyn Price ◽  
Karen Wigg ◽  
Virginia Misener ◽  
Antoine Clarke ◽  
Natalie Yeung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reading Disabilities ◽  
Word Reading ◽  
Speech Sound ◽  
Reading Difficulties ◽  
Receptive Language ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Speech And Language ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Language Difficulties

Background: Reading disabilities (RD) are the most common learning disabilities, affecting 3-7% of school-aged children in North America. RD is associated with increased risk for comorbid language-based disorders including early language delay (ELD), speech sound disorders, and language impairments. Despite decades of research on the relationship between RD and these disorders, questions remain as to the strength of their associations. This study is the first of this size to assess all four disorders in a sample of children with RD. Method: We examined the association these disorders in a large, well-characterized family-based sample, recruited for reading difficulties in school-aged children. Parents of 492 families (674 children) completed a questionnaire that queried ELD, and current speech and language difficulties in their children. Children were also directly assessed for multiple quantitative measures of language and reading. Children were divided into three groups: Reading Disabled (RD), Intermediate Readers (IR), and Typical Readers (TR). Results: We found that the parents of the RD and IR groups reported significantly more ELD and current speech and expressive/receptive language difficulties in their children, compared with the TR group. When examined further, we found ELD was associated with poorer performance on word reading and decoding tasks, as well as with speech and language difficulties. Conclusion: The results demonstrate multiple significant associations between reading difficulties, ELD, speech and language, especially in children with severe RD. The results add to research supporting comorbidity between these disorders and will help inform teachers and psychologists when assessing and treating children’s language-based disabilities.

Valor dos massive open online course (MOOC) na educação para a cidadania

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hermano Carmo ◽  
Teresa Maia e Carmo
Keyword(s):  
Online Courses ◽  
Massive Open Online Courses ◽  
Online Course ◽  
Massive Open Online ◽  
Massive Open Online Course ◽  
Tecnología Educativa

A sociedade contemporânea é marcada por três macrotendências que a identificam como uma sociedade singular na história humana: processo de mudança acelerada, desigualdade crescente e fibrilhação dos sistemas de poder. Tais tendências têm tido como efeitos um quadro de ameaças e oportunidades que tanto têm constituído gigantesco desafio aos sistemas educativos quanto configuram a urgência de ressocialização de todas as gerações vivas no sentido da construção de uma cidadania global. Nesse contexto, propõe-se um modelo que configura uma estratégia de educação para a cidadania, com dois eixos, quatro vertentes e dez áreas-chave. Seguidamente, descreve-se e discute-se a emergência quase explosiva dos Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC) a partir de instituições de ensino superior internacionalmente reconhecidas, no quadro do novo paradigma digital, sua diversidade e seu potencial ainda em aberto. Confrontando a nova abordagem educativa com o modelo de educação para a cidadania proposto, conclui-se constituir um meio robusto para o potenciar.Palavras-chave:Conjuntura. Macrotendências. Educação para a cidadania. MOOC. Tecnologia educativa. Paradigma digital.Link: http://revista.ibict.br/inclusao/article/view/4171/3642

scholarly journals 964. Impact of Doxycycline as Malaria Prophylaxis on Risk of Influenza Like Illness Among International Travelers

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S35-S35
Author(s):  
Kathryn Lago ◽  
Kalyani Telu ◽  
David R Tribble ◽  
Anuradha Ganesan ◽  
Anjali Kunz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Error Variance ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Malaria Prophylaxis ◽  
Influenza Like Illness ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Caribbean

Abstract Background International travelers are often at risk for both influenza like illness (ILI) and malaria. Doxycycline is active against many pathogens causing ILI and is routinely used for malaria prophylaxis. We evaluated the incidence of and risk factors for ILI, and whether the choice of malaria prophylaxis was associated with ILI. Methods TravMil is a prospective observational study enrolling subjects presenting to 6 military travel clinics. We analyzed pre- and post-travel surveys from travelers to regions outside of the continental United States, Western or Northern Europe, Canada, or New Zealand between July 2010 and August 2018. ILI was defined as subjective fever associated with either a sore throat or cough. Characteristics of trip and traveler and the use of malaria prophylaxis were analyzed to determine association with development of ILI. Poisson regression models with robust error variance were used to estimate relative risk of ILI. Results A total of 3,227 travelers were enrolled: 62.1% male, median age of 39 (IQR 27, 59), median travel duration 19 days (IQR 12, 49). 32% traveled to Africa, 40% to Asia, and 27% to the Caribbean, Mexico, and Central or South America. Military travel (46%) and vacation (40%) were most common reasons for travel. Twenty percent took doxycycline for malaria prophylaxis, 50% other prophylaxis (89% atovaquone–proguanil), and 30% took none. 8.7% developed ILI. Compared with those on no or other prophylaxis, doxycycline was associated with decreased risk of ILI [RR 0.65 (0.43–0.99), P = 0.046], as was military travel [RR 0.30 (0.21–0.43), P &lt; 0.01]. Increased risk of ILI was associated with female gender [RR 1.57 (1.24–1.98), P &lt; 0.01], travel to Asia [RR 1.37 (1.08–1.75), P = 0.01], cruises [RR 2.21 (1.73–2.83), P &lt; 0.01], and longer duration of travel [RR 1.01 (1.00–1.01, P &lt; 0.01]. Conclusion The use of doxycycline is associated with a decreased risk of ILI compared with taking no or other malaria prophylaxis. The reasons for this are unclear but may be related to anti-inflammatory effects, activity against bacterial respiratory pathogens, effects on disease transmission in closed populations (e.g., military deploying groups), or other unmeasured factors. With few proven strategies for decreasing ILI risk in travelers, these findings bear further investigation. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Understanding Student Engagement in Large-Scale Open Online Courses: A Machine Learning Facilitated Analysis of Student’s Reflections in 18 Highly Rated MOOCs

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khe Foon Hew ◽  
Chen Qiao ◽  
Ying Tang
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Online Courses ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Online Course ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Course Quality ◽  
Learning Classifier ◽  
Quality Rating ◽  
Open Courses

Although massive open online courses (MOOCs) have attracted much worldwide attention, scholars still understand little about the specific elements that students find engaging in these large open courses. This study offers a new original contribution by using a machine learning classifier to analyze 24,612 reflective sentences posted by 5,884 students, who participated in one or more of 18 highly rated MOOCs. Highly rated MOOCs were sampled because they exemplify good practices or teaching strategies. We selected highly rated MOOCs from Coursetalk, an open user-driven aggregator and discovery website that allows students to search and review various MOOCs. We defined a highly rated MOOC as a free online course that received an overall five-star course quality rating, and received at least 50 reviews from different learners within a specific subject area. We described six specific themes found across the entire data corpus: (a) structure and pace, (b) video, (c) instructor, (d) content and resources, (e) interaction and support, and (f) assignment and assessment. The findings of this study provide valuable insight into factors that students find engaging in large-scale open online courses.

Differences of instructor presence levels in predominately online versus predominately not online courses within the community college setting

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Marcie M. Cutsinger
Keyword(s):  
Community Of Inquiry ◽  
Online Courses ◽  
Online Course ◽  
University Of Missouri ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Learning Modalities ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Instructor Presence ◽  
Community Of Inquiry Framework ◽  
The Impact

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT AUTHOR'S REQUEST.] The purpose of this study was to gain insight into the level of instructor presence in the predominately online versus the predominately not online course. The increase in both the number of students enrolling on online courses and the number of courses/programs offered magnifies the need to address instructor presence. This case study considers students' perception of instructor presence in a predominately online and predominately not online course. Instructor presence was examined using the Community of Inquiry framework. The Community of Inquiry is a framework used to examine social, teaching and cognitive presence and the impact of such. Data was gathered from two courses in the different learning modalities. Students were enrolled in the courses at the same time with the same instructor. Statistical analysis utilized in this study included the Mann Whitney U, Spearman's rho and Kendall tau. A significance level of P less than (.05) was used for all tests. This research found no statistically significant difference in the levels of instructor presence in a predominately online course when compared to a predominately not online course. The two significant results in relation to instructor presence and course satisfaction were mixed. Course outcome and instructor presence are addressed with discussion and recommendations for further research included. This study contributes to the research by providing further data regarding students' perception of and the significance of instructor presence.

scholarly journals Sleep problems increase the risk of musculoskeletal pain in boys but not girls: a prospective cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 179 (11) ◽  
pp. 1711-1719
Author(s):  
Alessandro Andreucci ◽  
Paul Campbell ◽  
Lisa K Mundy ◽  
Susan M Sawyer ◽  
Silja Kosola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Musculoskeletal Pain ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
One Year

Abstract Adults with sleep problems are at higher risk for onset of musculoskeletal pain, but the evidence is less clear for children. This prospective cohort study investigated whether children with sleep problems are at higher risk for onset of musculoskeletal pain and explored whether sex is a modifier of this association. In a prospective cohort study of Australian schoolchildren (n = 1239, mean age 9 years), the associations between sleep problems at baseline and new onset of both musculoskeletal pain and persistent musculoskeletal pain (pain lasting > 3 months) 1 year later were investigated using logistic regression. The potential modifying effect of sex was also assessed. One-year incidence proportion for musculoskeletal pain onset is 43% and 7% for persistent musculoskeletal pain. Sleep problems were associated with musculoskeletal pain onset and persistent musculoskeletal pain onset in boys, odds ratio 2.80 (95% CI 1.39, 5.62) and OR 3.70 (1.30, 10.54), respectively, but not girls OR 0.58 (0.28, 1.19) and OR 1.43 (0.41, 4.95), respectively. Conclusions: Rates of musculoskeletal pain are high in children. Boys with sleep problems are at greater risk of onset of musculoskeletal pain, but girls do not appear to have higher risk. Consideration of sleep health may help prevent persistent musculoskeletal pain in children. What is Known:• Sleep problems are associated with the onset of musculoskeletal pain in adults.• It is not clear if the association between sleep problems and the onset of musculoskeletal pain is present also in children and if sex plays a role in this association. What is New:• This is the first large population-based study that has prospectively investigated the relationship between sleep problems and onset of musculoskeletal pain in school-aged children.• Children, especially boys with sleep problems, were at increased risk for the development of persistent musculoskeletal pain.

Acute-Phase Plasma PCSK9 Levels and Recurrent Cardiovascular Events in a Chinese Acute Myocardial Infarction Cohort

Cardiology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 141 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Gao ◽  
Yan Qiu ◽  
Jihua Wu ◽  
Wei Diao ◽  
Haibo Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Recurrent Events ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a promising target for lowering plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular (CV) disease. Whether plasma PCSK9 measured during the acute phase predicts recurrent CV events in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains unresolved. Methods and Results: Plasma PCSK9 levels were measured in 1,646 patients with AMI from the China PEACE-Prospective AMI Study at the acute phase. Additionally, 248 patients were resampled and measured at 1 month post-AMI. Associations of acute-phase PCSK9 tertiles with clinical characteristics and recurrent CV events within 1 year were assessed. Female gender (OR 1.94, 95% CI 1.24–3.03), premature coronary heart disease (CHD; OR 2.12, 95% CI 1.37–3.26), higher high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.44–1.95), and higher triglycerides (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.03–2.09) were associated with higher baseline PCSK9. Plasma PCSK9 levels in the highest tertile (versus lowest) did not have an increased risk of 1-year recurrent CV events in the AMI cohort (HR 0.78, 95% CI 0.52–1.16) or any subgroup. There was also no association between percentage changes in PCSK9 over the first month and 1-year recurrent events, although there was a trend of differences between patients in the upper versus lower tertiles. Conclusion: Plasma PCSK9 levels measured during the acute phase were associated with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, triglycerides, premature CHD, and gender in patients with AMI but did not predict recurrent CV events within 1 year. Dynamic changes in PCSK9 suggested a trend yet no significance value in predicting recurrent CV events.

Rough Set Theory Application in Online Course Satisfaction

2011 ◽  
Vol 271-273 ◽  
pp. 1239-1242
Author(s):  
Shao Jun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Set Theory ◽  
Rough Set ◽  
Rough Set Theory ◽  
Online Courses ◽  
Educational Environment ◽  
Course Satisfaction ◽  
Online Course ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Theory Application

The most important issue for online courses is to provide learners with high quality satisfacion. In order to resolve the question and evaluating course satisfaction , rough set theory is proposed in this article, by which we reduce 10 attributes to 5 and get the index of value assessment.As a result, teachers can make an adjustment to achieve better effect in teaching by taking advantage of the method.The proposed model can be applied to not only a network environment but also remote educational environment.

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