How to Effectively Identify Patients With Rifampin-Resistant Tuberculosis in China: Perspectives of Stakeholders Among Service Providers

To evaluate China's current rifampin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB) screening strategy from stakeholders' perspectives, the perceptions, attitudes, and interests of 245 stakeholders from three eastern, central, and western China provinces on RR-TB screening strategies, were investigated through stakeholder survey and interview. The attitudes toward three RR-TB screening strategies were statistically different: inclination to choose who to screen (Z = 98.477; P < 0.001), funding for rapid diagnostic technology screening either by reimbursed health insurance or directly subsidized financial assistance (Z = 4.142, P < 0.001), and respondents' attitude during RR-TB screening implementation levels (Z = 2.380, P = 0.017). In conclusion, RR-TB screening scope could be expanded by applying rapid diagnostic technologies. Provinces with different economic status could adjust their screening policies accordingly.

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Immigration Relief and Insurance Coverage: Evidence from Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals

The B E Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy ◽

10.1515/bejeap-2019-0305 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Jung Bae

Keyword(s):

Health Insurance ◽

Insurance Coverage ◽

Health Insurance Coverage ◽

Financial Assistance ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Deferred Action ◽

Percentage Points ◽

Health Institutions ◽

Medical Financial Assistance ◽

The U.S

AbstractI find that the 2012 Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program, which conferred protection from deportation and work authorization to undocumented immigrants who had been brought to the U.S. as children, increased eligible immigrants’ likelihood of having health insurance coverage. Exploiting a cutoff rule in the eligibility criteria of DACA, I implement a difference-in-regression-discontinuities design. The insured rate increased by up to 4.3 percentage points more for DACA-eligible immigrants than for ineligible immigrants following DACA. Two-thirds of this increase is accounted for by upticks in employer-sponsored and privately purchased insurance. The findings are also consistent with immigrants becoming less averse to approach health institutions, and taking up medical financial assistance at a higher rate.

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An assessment of factors influencing empowerment levels of females: a case study of Pokhara

Economic Journal of Development Issues ◽

10.3126/ejdi.v11i0.6099 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Arjun Kumar Thapa ◽

Leena Gurung

Keyword(s):

Work Experience ◽

Service Providers ◽

Economic Status ◽

Intervention Strategy ◽

Demographic Factors ◽

Positive Influence ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Heated Debate ◽

Condition Of Women

This study is an attempt to analyze the association between social, economic and demographic factors on the female teachers’ empowerment level. A cross?sectional data was generated following two stage random sampling. First 20 schools were selected then 189 respondents were randomly selected and interviewed. In this study rather than women’s age, age at marriage, work experience and husband’s education and occupation, women’s self achievement to earn more income, economic status and positive attitude towards job have positive influence in enhancing empowerment. This study underpins the importance of economic interventions to empower and uplift all round condition of women. Along with it this paper again stirs the most heated debate among the activist, academicians and service providers regarding appropriate intervention strategy for upliftment of women.Key words: Empowerment; Women; Economic; Social and demographic factors; PokharaEconomic Journal of Development IssuesVol. 11 & 12 No. 1-2 (2010) Combined IssuePage: 1-8Uploaded date: 10 April, 2012

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Effectiveness of the toxin-degrading strain screening strategy: Deficiency and improvement in screening the gossypol-degrading microorganism Aspergillus niger

10.21203/rs.3.rs-152600/v2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Chen Zhang ◽

Gangqin Shu ◽

Hui Wang ◽

Daojie Li ◽

Yuan Xü ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aspergillus Niger ◽

Free Gossypol ◽

Screening Method ◽

Screening Strategy ◽

Gossypol Content ◽

Control Group ◽

Total Gossypol ◽

Screening Strategies ◽

Free Gossypol Content ◽

Degrading Microorganism

Abstract The effectiveness of the classic screening strategy was verified, by duplicating and verifying the degradation of gossypol by the Aspergillus niger. It can reduce the free gossypol content through biosorption but has no effect on the total gossypol content and cannot effectively degrade gossypol. And the most interesting thing we found the strain can secrete agarase, utilise agar as carbon source. In this case, that will mislead researchers and lead them to make wrong judgments. That turns out the usual methods of previous screening strategies are not rigorous enough, the classic screening method has defect in screening toxin-degrading strain, so agar control group should be added. In this study, some suggestions are put forward to optimise the same type of experiments and broaden the idea of detoxification by microorganisms and provide reference for screening effective toxin-degrading microorganisms.

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The Role of M-Government in Western China Development

Regional Development ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-0882-5.ch211 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 364-380 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jesper Schlæger

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

Service Providers ◽

Western China ◽

Reform Agenda ◽

Private Service ◽

Government Organisation ◽

China Development

This chapter explores the role of m-government in Western China development. Bureaucracy has been identified as a barrier for economic development in Western China. It is discussed how applications of m-government embedded in a larger reform agenda has reduced some of the growth stifling effects of bureaucracy. This chapter describes the content of ideas, institutions, and technologies of m-government to understand how fitting these levels has led to such an improvement in governance. Recommendations are made concerning continued emphasis on simple applications, rethinking government organisation, and increased discussion of the role of private service providers.

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Universal Health Coverage in Bangladesh: Activities, Challenges, and Suggestions

Advances in Public Health ◽

10.1155/2019/4954095 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Taufique Joarder ◽

Tahrim Z. Chaudhury ◽

Ishtiaq Mannan

Keyword(s):

Health Insurance ◽

Universal Health Coverage ◽

Service Management ◽

Service Providers ◽

Health Financing ◽

Community Empowerment ◽

Health Coverage ◽

Demand Side ◽

Implementation Barriers ◽

Universal Health

Catastrophic health expenditure forces 5.7 million Bangladeshis into poverty. Inequity is present in most of health indicators across social, economic, and demographic parameters. This study explores the existing health policy environment and current activities to further the progress towards Universal Health Coverage (UHC) and the challenges faced in these endeavors. This qualitative study involved document reviews (n=22) and key informant interviews (KII, n=15). Thematic analysis of texts (themes: activities around UHC, implementation barriers, suggestions) was done using the manual coding technique. We found that Bangladesh has a comprehensive set of policies for UHC, e.g., a health-financing strategy and staged recommendations for pooling of funds to create a national health insurance scheme and expand financial protection for health. Progress has been made in a number of areas including the roll out of the essential package of health services for all, expansion of access to primary health care services (support by donors), and the piloting of health insurance which has been piloted in three subdistricts. Political commitment for these areas is strong. However, there are barriers pertaining to the larger policy level which includes a rigid public financing structure dating from the colonial era. While others pertain to the health sector’s implementation shortfalls including issues of human resources, political interference, monitoring, and supervision, most key informants discussed demand-side barriers too, such as sociocultural disinclination, historical mistrust, and lack of empowerment. To overcome these, several policies have been recommended, e.g., redesigning the public finance structure, improving governance and regulatory mechanism, specifying code of conduct for service providers, introducing health-financing reform, and collaborating with different sectors. To address the implementation barriers, recommendations include improving service quality, strengthening overall health systems, improving health service management, and improving monitoring and supervision. Addressing demand-side barriers, such as patient education and community empowerment, is also needed. Research and advocacy are required to address crosscutting barriers such as the lack of common understanding of UHC.

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Condom Use and Related Factors among Rural and Urban Men Who Have Sex With Men in Western China: Based on Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills Model

American Journal of Men s Health ◽

10.1177/1557988319899799 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 155798831989979 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ling Hu ◽

Yetao Luo ◽

Xiaoni Zhong ◽

Rongrong Lu ◽

Yang Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Condom Use ◽

Service Providers ◽

Western China ◽

Consistent Condom ◽

Consistent Condom Use ◽

Related Factors ◽

Behavioral Skills ◽

Urban Men ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Sex With Men

This study aimed to determine the differences in condom use and related factors among rural–urban men who have sex with men (MSM) in Western China. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Chongqing, Sichuan, and Guangxi, which recruited MSM by non-probability sampling. Data were collected through an anonymous, standardized, and self-reported questionnaire guided by an information–motivation–behavioral skills model. Structural equation model was applied to analyze the related factors. Out of the 1141 MSM included in this analysis, 856 (75%) and 285 (25%) were from urban and rural areas, respectively. The median age was 27 years for both groups. Self-reported consistent condom use for anal sex in the past 6 months was 57.58%. The rate of consistent condom use was lower in rural MSM than in urban MSM (50.88% vs. 59.81%, p = .008). Behavioral skills, HIV/AIDS intervention services, and response costs had direct positive and negative influences on condom use, respectively. By contrast, motivation and information exhibited indirect influence. All the factors were mediated by behavioral skills in rural and urban MSM, except for the information that had no effect among urban MSM but had an indirect effect among rural MSM. These findings suggest that service providers should pay attention to substantial rural–urban differences and design different AIDS prevention and intervention strategies targeting rural and urban MSM.

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The Relevance of Socioeconomic and Health Policy Issues to Clinical Research: The Case of MRI and Neuroradiology

International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care ◽

10.1017/s0266462300006425 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 195-206 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Eric B. Larson ◽

Daniel L. Kent

Keyword(s):

Public Policy ◽

New Technologies ◽

Medical Profession ◽

New Technology ◽

Sound Studies ◽

Leadership Role ◽

Early Evaluation ◽

Diagnostic Technology ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽

Diagnostic Technologies

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a high-cost, new technology with great potential for improving patient care. The lack of a coherent public policy for MRI, or its predecessor computed tomography (CT), has caused considerable problems. Lack of an enunciated public policy has led to inconsistent reimbursement and reimbursement levels that develop in haphazard ways. Furthermore, diffusion has been unpredictable and has led to geographical excesses and deficiencies.Technology assessments of MRI, although numerous, have used inconsistent criteria to rate MRI's clinical efficacy. The lack of methodologically sound studies of MRI severely hampered early evaluation. This article examines these problems and suggests that the medical profession take a stronger leadership role in developing policies for expensive, promising new diagnostic technologies. The profession should promote, demand, and perform rigorous clinical evaluations of new technologies, and help develop a consensus regarding the criteria for what constitutes a clinically valuable advance in diagnostic technology.

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Informing the development of a pilot intervention to improve migrants’ healthcare assess in Brno, Czech Republic

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckz185.092 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽

Author(s):

N K Movsisyan ◽

E Matuchova

Keyword(s):

Czech Republic ◽

Health Insurance ◽

Social Integration ◽

Service Providers ◽

Universal Access ◽

Healthcare Access ◽

Healthcare Services ◽

Policy Framework ◽

Visual Aids ◽

Pilot Intervention

Abstract Background Third-country nationals have the least access to healthcare in the Czech Republic yet representing the largest group of migrants. This study aimed to inform the development of a pilot intervention to improve migrants’ healthcare access in Brno, Czech Republic, within the existing health policy framework. Methods A Metaplan© qualitative technique was applied to ensure the community participation, through separate sessions with social integration professionals and third countries nationals. Each group first identified issues in migrants’ healthcare, then suggested solutions to address these issues and prioritized these solutions. Results The professionals’ group included five representatives of social integration service providers and administrators. The majority of migrants were female, with higher education, ages 35-55 years, arrived in two years mainly from Ukraine, and not employed. The social integration professionals were more knowledgeable of healthcare policy and migrants’ rights and suggested a wider scope of solutions. The migrants underscored the role of reliable information as a critical tool in utilizing healthcare services. Both groups prioritized an open access to the information as a direct benefit to the users. Other suggestions included multilingual mobile applications, visual aids and translation services, bilingual doctors and universal access to public health insurance. The feasibility of these solutions varied and so their value as intervention models. Conclusions The future interventions should focus on health literacy in the migrant community. This would include the dissemination of multilingual information on health emergency, children vaccinations, health insurance and healthcare system, among other topics, and interactive trainings for migrants and social counselors, to improve self-efficacy in both groups.

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Awareness and Adoption of Rainwater Harvesting: Influence of Gender, Formal Education and Social Economic Status

Journal of Extension Systems ◽

10.18765/jes.v32i1.10927 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Michael G. Kanyi ◽

David E. Lawver

Keyword(s):

Significant Influence ◽

Formal Education ◽

Rainwater Harvesting ◽

Service Providers ◽

Social Economic ◽

Smallholder Farmers ◽

Economic Status ◽

A Priori ◽

Social Economic Status ◽

Primary Focus

The primary focus of this study was to investigate the influence of gender, formal education and social economic status on awareness of rooftop rainwater harvesting. A random sample of 310 smallholder farmers was used. A questionnaire was developed for data collection. Hypotheses were tested at α = .05 set a priori. Educational level indicated a statistically significant influence but gender and SES did not. It was concluded that formal education has statistically significant influence on awareness and adoption of rainwater harvesting. It was recommended that extension service providers consider using multimedia and diverse extension methodologies that are suitable and acceptable across demographics.

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