scholarly journals A Study on Propagation Models for 60 GHz Signals in Indoor Environments

2022 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Letícia Carneiro de Souza ◽  
Celso Henrique de Souza Lopes ◽  
Rita de Cassia Carlleti dos Santos ◽  
Arismar Cerqueira Sodré Junior ◽  
Luciano Leonel Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Millimeter Waves ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Channel Model ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
60 Ghz ◽  
Propagation Models

The millimeter-waves band will enable multi-gigabit data transmission due to the large available bandwidth and it is a promising solution for the spectrum scarcity below 6 GHz in future generations of mobile networks. In particular, the 60 GHz band will play a crucial role in providing high-capacity data links for indoor applications. In this context, this tutorial presents a comprehensive review of indoor propagation models operating in the 60 GHz band, considering the main scenarios of interest. Propagation mechanisms such as reflection, diffraction, scattering, blockage, and material penetration, as well as large-scale path loss, are discussed in order to obtain a channel model for 60 GHz signals in indoor environments. Finally, comparisons were made using data obtained from a measurement campaign available in the literature in order to emphasize the importance of developing accurate channel models for future wireless communication systems operating in millimeter-waves bands.

scholarly journals Developed channel propagation models and path loss measurements for wireless communication systems using regression analysis techniques

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yahia A. Zakaria ◽  
Ehab K. I. Hamad ◽  
A. S. Abd Elhamid ◽  
K. M. El-Khatib
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Signal Strength ◽  
Separation Distance ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Propagation Models

Abstract Background The development of powerful and flexible management addresses is due to the improvement of deeply reliable gadgets and the advancement of the concept of cellular. The cellular principle was a major way of solving the wavelength crowding problem and the user capacity. It offered high capacity without major technological changes with limited allocation in spectrum. Wireless communication is an innovation in media transmission that allows remote transmission in all types of terrain between convenient gadgets. For estimating a transmitter 's radio coverage area, propagation models that anticipate the mean signal strength for an arbitrary transmitter–receiver separation distance are crucial as they are called large-scale propagation models so even though they define the average signal strength over long periods of time and large distances from the transmitter. Results Developed propagation models are presented according to the measured path loss values in exemplary urban and suburban areas at the operating frequency of 3.5 ghz by using the regression analysis. The measurements are implemented by using a spectrum analyzer FSH6 to get the channel response as shown in the stated tables and graphs. Based on the obtained results, it was observed that the path loss could be calculated as a function of distance and during the practical measurements 32 m was precise as a presumption for the break point distance. The values of path loss exponent (n) are defined and calculated for both of urban and suburban regions. Measurements results are analyzed and compared in order to study their influence for every specific environment. It was noticed that any radio signal will suffer attenuation when it travels from the transmitter to the receiver as a variety of various phenomena give rise to this radio path loss. Conclusions The interaction between both the electromagnetic radiation and the environment tends to decrease the quality of the signal being sent from the transmitter to the destination which causes the loss of the path. Propagation models are the basis for channel estimation, as they attempt to identify how a radio transmission changes from the transmitter to the receiver throughout its path. The gained results from this research will be supportive for the arrangement of network planners and researchers as proof and directory materials before future location establishment.

scholarly journals Enhancing the Capacity of the Indoor 60 GHz Band Via Modified Indoor Environments Using Ring Frequency Selective Surface Wallpapers and Path Loss Models

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 3003
Author(s):  
Nidal Qasem
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Mimo Systems ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Propagation Path ◽  
Delay Spread ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
60 Ghz ◽  
Loss Models ◽  
Frequency Selective ◽  
Ring Frequency

<span>The 60 GHz band has been selected for short-range communication systems to meet consumers’ needs for high data rates. However, this frequency is attenuated by obstacles. This study addresses the limitations of the 60 GHz band by modifying indoor environments with ring Frequency Selective Surfaces (FSSs) wallpaper, thereby increasing its utilization. The ring FSS wallpaper response at a 61.5 GHz frequency has been analyzed using both MATLAB and Computer Simulation Technology (CST) Microwave Studio (MWS) software. ‘Wireless InSite’ is also used to demonstrate enhanced wave propagation in a building modified with ring FSSs wallpaper. The demonstration is applied to Single Input Single Output (SISO) and Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems to verify the effectiveness of FSSs on such systems’ capacity. The effectiveness of the suggested modification over delay spread has been studied for the MIMO scenario, as well as the effect of the human body on capacity. Simulation results presented here show that modifying a building using ring FSS wallpaper is an attractive scheme for significantly improving the indoor 60 GHz wireless communications band. This paper also presents and compares two large-scale indoor propagation Path Loss Models (PLMs), the Close-In (CI) free space reference distance model and the Floating Intercept (FI) model. Data obtained from ‘Wireless InSite’ over distances ranging from 4 to 14.31 m is analyzed. Results show that the CI model provides good estimation and exhibits stable behavior over frequencies and distances, with a solid physical basis and less computational complexity when compared to the FI model. </span>

scholarly journals Spatial characterization of propagation channels for terahertz band

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilal Aghoutane ◽  
Mohammed El Ghzaoui ◽  
Hanan El Faylali
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Channel Model ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Propagation Loss ◽  
Terahertz Band ◽  
Indoor Scenarios ◽  
Transmission Windows ◽  
Sv Channel

AbstractThe aim of this work consists in characterizing the Terahertz (THz) propagation channel in an indoor environment, in order to propose a channel model for THz bands. We first described a propagation loss model by taking into account the attenuation of the channel as a function of distance and frequency. The impulse response of the channel is then described by a set of rays, characterized by their amplitude, their delay and their phase. Apart from the frequency selective nature, path loss in THz band is also an others issue associated with THz communication systems. This work based on the conventional Saleh-Valenzuela (SV) model which is intended for indoor scenarios. In this paper, we have introduced random variables as Line of sight (LOS) component, and then merging it with the SV channel model to adopt it to the THz context. From simulation, we noted an important effect when the distance between the transmitter and the receiver change. This effect produces variations in frequency loss. The simulations carried out from this model show that to enhance the performance of THz system it is recommended to transmit information over transmission windows instead over the whole band.

scholarly journals Broadband Wireless Channel in Composite High-Speed Railway Scenario: Measurements, Simulation, and Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianwen Ding ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Jingya Yang ◽  
Bin Sun ◽  
Jiying Huang
Keyword(s):  
Ray Tracing ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Channel Model ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Wireless Channel ◽  
Delay Spread ◽  
High Speed Railway

The rapid development of high-speed railway (HSR) and train-ground communications with high reliability, safety, and capacity promotes the evolution of railway dedicated mobile communication systems from Global System for Mobile Communications-Railway (GSM-R) to Long Term Evolution-Railway (LTE-R). The main challenges for LTE-R network planning are the rapidly time-varying channel and high mobility, because HSR lines consist of a variety of complex terrains, especially the composite scenarios where tunnels, cuttings, and viaducts are connected together within a short distance. Existing researches mainly focus on the path loss and delay spread for the individual HSR scenarios. In this paper, the broadband measurements are performed using a channel sounder at 950 MHz and 2150 MHz in a typical HSR composite scenario. Based on the measurements, the pivotal characteristics are analyzed for path loss exponent, power delay profile, and tap delay line model. Then, the deterministic channel model in which the 3D ray-tracing algorithm is applied in the composite scenario is presented and validated by the measurement data. Based on the ray-tracing simulations, statistical analysis of channel characteristics in delay and Doppler domain is carried out for the HSR composite scenario. The research results can be useful for radio interface design and optimization of LTE-R system.

scholarly journals Propagation Model in Indoor and Outdoor for the LTE Communications

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sun-Kuk Noh ◽  
DongYou Choi
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Communication ◽  
Mobile Communications ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Propagation Model ◽  
Time Rate ◽  
Propagation Models ◽  
5G Mobile Communication ◽  
Time Changes ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

Rapidly rising demand for radio communication and the explosion in the number of mobile communications service subscribers have led to the need for optimization in the development of fifth-generation (5G) mobile communication systems. Previous studies on the development of propagation models considering a propagation environment in the existing microwave band have been mainly focused on analyzing the propagation characteristics with regard to large-scale factors such as path losses, delay propagation, and angle diffusions. In this paper, we investigated the concept of spatial and time changes ratios in the measurement of wave propagations and measured RSRP of Long Term Evolution (LTE) signals at three locations considering the time rate of 1% and 50%. We confirmed the concept of spatial and time changes rate based on the results of analyzing the signal data measured and proposed the propagation models 1 and 2 in microcell downtown. The forecast results using proposed models 1 and 2 were better than the COST231 model in both indoor and outdoor measured places. It was predicted between a time rate of 1% and 50% indoor within 400m and outdoor within 200m. In the future, we will study the propagation model of 5G mobile communication as well as the current 4G communication using artificial intelligence technology.

scholarly journals Development of Frequency Modulated Array Antennas for Millimeter-Wave Communications

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Shaddrack Yaw Nusenu
Keyword(s):  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Directional Antennas ◽  
Phase Shifters ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Massive Growth ◽  
Array Antennas ◽  
Point To Point

With the massive growth of wireless data in mobile broadband communications, millimeter-wave (mm-wave) communication is an alternative enabling technique for fifth generation (5G) wireless communication systems. More importantly, mm-wave offers large frequency spectrum bands ranging from 30GHz to 300GHz that can be utilized to provide very high capacity (i.e., multigigabits per-second data rates). Moreover, because of the small wavelength at mm-wave frequencies, we can exploit large antenna elements in a small physical area, meaning beamforming schemes are feasible. Nevertheless, high directional antennas should be used due to overcoming the severe path loss and absorption in mm-wave frequencies. Further, the antennas should be steerable in angle and range directions to support point-to-point (multipoint) communications. So far, mm-wave communication has utilized phased-array antennas arrangement which is solely angle dependent. This review paper presents recent array technology, namely, frequency modulated frequency diverse array (FDA) for mm-wave communication applications with an emphasis on beamforming. In FDA, small frequency increment is added across the elements. In doing so, an array beam is generated which is angle-range-time dependent without the need of phase shifters. This feature has several promising potentials in mm-wave communications. In this review, the object is to bring to the fore this advance FDA technology to mm-wave communications community to call for more investigations. We review FDA research progress up to date and highlight the potential applications in mm-wave communications.

scholarly journals Ray-Based Statistical Propagation Modeling for Indoor Corridor Scenarios at 15 GHz

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Wang ◽  
Bo Ai ◽  
Ke Guan ◽  
David W. Matolak ◽  
Ruisi He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Channel Model ◽  
Deterministic Model ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Propagation Characteristic ◽  
Directional Antennas ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Delay Spread ◽  
Channel Measurements ◽  
The Impact

According to the demands for fifth-generation (5G) communication systems, high frequency bands (above 6 GHz) need to be adopted to provide additional spectrum. This paper investigates the characteristics of indoor corridor channels at 15 GHz. Channel measurements with a vector network analyzer in two corridors were conducted. Based on a ray-optical approach, a deterministic channel model covering both antenna and propagation characteristic is presented. The channel model is evaluated by comparing simulated results of received power and root mean square delay spread with the corresponding measurements. By removing the impact of directional antennas from the transmitter and receiver, a path loss model as well as small-scale fading properties for typical corridors is presented based on the generated samples from the deterministic model. Results show that the standard deviation of path loss variation is related to the Tx height, and placing the Tx closer to the ceiling leads to a smaller fluctuation of path loss.

scholarly journals Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Propagation Channel over Vegetation and Lake Areas: First- and Second-Order Statistical Analysis

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Deyvid L. Leite ◽  
Pablo Javier Alsina ◽  
Millena M. de Medeiros Campos ◽  
Vicente A. de Sousa ◽  
Alvaro A. M. de Medeiros
Keyword(s):  
Secure Communication ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Communication Channel ◽  
Channel Model ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Doppler Frequency ◽  
Unmanned Aircraft ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Log Normal

The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) to provide services such as the Internet, goods delivery, and air taxis has become a reality in recent years. The use of these aircraft requires a secure communication between the control station and the UAV, which demands the characterization of the communication channel. This paper aims to present a measurement setup using an unmanned aircraft to acquire data for the characterization of the radio frequency channel in a propagation environment with particular vegetation (Caatinga) and a lake. This paper presents the following contributions: identification of the communication channel model that best describes the characteristics of communication; characterization of the effects of large-scale fading, such as path loss and log-normal shadowing; characterization of small-scale fading (multipath and Doppler); and estimation of the aircraft speed from the identified Doppler frequency.

scholarly journals Measurement of Path Loss Characterization and Prediction Modeling for Swarm UAVs Air-to-Air Wireless Communication Systems

2021 ◽  
pp. 228-235
Author(s):  
Sarun Duangsuwan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Channel Model ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Channel Modeling ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Wireless Communication Systems ◽  
Prediction Errors ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann

A challenge swarm unmanned aerial vehicles (swarm UAVs)-based wireless communication systems have been focused on channel modeling in various environments. In this paper, we present the characterized path loss air-to-air (A2A) channel modeling-based measurement and prediction model. The channel model was considered using A2A Two-Ray (A2AT-R) extended path loss modeling. The prediction model was considered using an artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm to train the measured dataset. To evaluate the measurement result, path loss models between the A2AT-R model and the prediction model are shown. We show that the prediction model using ANN is optimal to train the measured data for the A2A channel model. To discuss the result, the parametric prediction errors such as mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), and R-square (R2), are performed.

scholarly journals Analysis of large-scale UHF-RFID use-cases utilizing full-wave simulation techniques

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 127-137
Author(s):  
Miroslav Lach ◽  
Christian Looschen ◽  
Erwin Biebl
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Use Case ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Uhf Rfid ◽  
Simulation Techniques ◽  
Full Wave ◽  
Rating Method ◽  
Simulation Results

Abstract. UHF-RFID is a mature and widespread technology that has the potential to increase the reliability and efficiency of processes in logistics and production environments. However, complex interference effects in indoor environments pose challenges to the implementation of reliable wireless communication systems like RFID. This work proposes a method for tag performance evaluation utilizing a coherent two-stage rating process. This enables the abstraction of physical quantities and facilitates the interpretation of tag readability. For this purpose, two well-established full-wave techniques are utilized to perform deterministic simulations of a logistical UHF-RFID use-case. The setup of large-scale simulation environments is discussed and important quantities to be considered in RFID-systems are derived. Based on the simulation results and the proposed rating method, the RFID use-case is evaluated. Results are visualized in full-3D, facilitating the identification of critical spots. Furthermore, a subsequent cross-validation of the simulation results is performed, verifying the validity of the simulation results. By performing a priori propagation analysis, issues can effectively be revealed beforehand and costly modifications after system deployment can be avoided.

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