scholarly journals Mapping Glacier Ablation With a UAV in the North Cascades: A Structure-from-Motion Approach

2022 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon M. Healy ◽  
Alia L. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Structure From Motion ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Unsupervised Classification ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
North Cascades ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
The North ◽  
Glacier Melt ◽  
Indian Tribe ◽  
Glacier Ablation

The glaciers of the North Cascades have experienced mass loss and terminus retreat due to climate change. The meltwater from these glaciers provides a flux of cold glacier meltwater into the river systems, which supports salmon spawning during the late summer dry season. The Nooksack Indian Tribe monitors the outlet flow of the Sholes Glacier within the North Cascades range with the goal of understanding the health of the glacier and the ability of the Tribe to continue to harvest sustainable populations of salmon. This study compares the UAV derived glacier ablation with the discharge data collected by the Tribe. We surveyed the Sholes Glacier twice throughout the 2020 melt season and, using Structure-from-Motion technology, generated high resolution multispectral orthomosaics and Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) of the glacier on each of the survey dates. The DEMs were differenced to reveal the surface height change of the glacier. The spectral data of the orthomosaics were used to conduct IsoData unsupervised classification. This process divided the survey area into Snow, Ice, and Rock classes that were then used to attribute the surface height changes of the DEMs to either snow or ice melt. The analysis revealed the glacier lost an average thickness of −0.132 m per day (m d−1) with snow and ice losing thickness at similar rates, −0.130 m d−1 and −0.132 m d−1 respectively. DEM differencing reveals that a total of −550,161 ± 45,206 m3 water equivalent (w.e.) was discharged into Wells Creek between the survey dates whereas the stream gauge station measured a total discharge of 350,023 m3. This study demonstrates the ability to spectrally classify the UAV data and derive discharge measurements while evaluating the small-scale spatial variability of glacier melt. Assessing ablation in small alpine glaciers is of great importance to downstream communities, like the Nooksack Indian Tribe who seek to understand the magnitude and timing of glacier melt in order to better protect their salmon populations. With this paper, we provide a baseline for future glacier monitoring and the potential to connect the snow surface properties with the rate of snow melt into a warming future.

scholarly journals Identification of glacial meltwater runoff in a karstic environment and its implication for present and future water availability

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 3261-3277 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Finger ◽  
A. Hugentobler ◽  
M. Huss ◽  
A. Voinesco ◽  
H. Wernli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Availability ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Climate Scenario ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Flow Paths ◽  
The North ◽  
Glacier Melt ◽  
Karstic Environment ◽  
Tracer Experiments

Abstract. Glaciers all over the world are expected to continue to retreat due to the global warming throughout the 21st century. Consequently, future seasonal water availability might become scarce once glacier areas have declined below a certain threshold affecting future water management strategies. Particular attention should be paid to glaciers located in a karstic environment, as parts of the meltwater can be drained by underlying karst systems, making it difficult to assess water availability. In this study tracer experiments, karst modeling and glacier melt modeling are combined in order to identify flow paths in a high alpine, glacierized, karstic environment (Glacier de la Plaine Morte, Switzerland) and to investigate current and predict future downstream water availability. Flow paths through the karst underground were determined with natural and fluorescent tracers. Subsequently, geologic information and the findings from tracer experiments were assembled in a karst model. Finally, glacier melt projections driven with a climate scenario were performed to discuss future water availability in the area surrounding the glacier. The results suggest that during late summer glacier meltwater is rapidly drained through well-developed channels at the glacier bottom to the north of the glacier, while during low flow season meltwater enters into the karst and is drained to the south. Climate change projections with the glacier melt model reveal that by the end of the century glacier melt will be significantly reduced in the summer, jeopardizing water availability in glacier-fed karst springs.

Accreted Terranes of the North Cascades Range, Washington: Spokane to Seattle, Washington, July 21–29, 1989

10.1029/ft307 ◽  
1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Tabor ◽  
R. A. Haugerud ◽  
E. H. Brown ◽  
R. S. Babcock ◽  
R. B. Miller
Keyword(s):  
North Cascades ◽  
The North ◽  
Accreted Terranes

Rhineland on the Way to its Thousandth Anniversary or Water-Administration in the Next 100–200 Years

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
E. H. baron van Tuyll van Serooskerken
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Land Utilization ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Coastal Defence ◽  
The North ◽  
Policies And Measures ◽  
Water Provision ◽  
Water Administration

An inventory is made of the effects of sea level rise and expected climatic change on the level of the district water authorities in the Netherlands and especially the “hoogheemraadschap” of Rhineland in the next 100-200 years. Special attention is paid to the effects on land utilization, coastal defence and water control. The first is hard to describe by lack of research, the second can already be determined in terms of cost; the third can be described in its effects on brackishness and water provision with indication of policies and measures to be taken. Preliminary conclusions are that larger efforts on coastal defence - even with present techniques - will be a realistic answer in terms of cost. The foreseen increase of brackishness in area and salt concentration, will give a significant extra need for fresh water. High cost and even higher risks have to be expected with regard to measures to neutralize the effects of a water surplus in winter and a growing water shortage in (late) summer, while the cost will further grow. Because of the effect a larger area must be drained off and water has to be raised higher as the Netherlands will sink in relation to the North Sea.

INCORPORATION OF METASEDIMENTARY UNITS INTO THE DEEPEST EXPOSED LEVELS OF THE NORTH CASCADES CONTINENTAL ARC: COMPARISON OF THE SKAGIT AND SWAKANE GNEISSES

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten B. Sauer ◽  
◽  
Stacia M. Gordon ◽  
Robert B. Miller ◽  
Jeffrey Vervoort ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Cascades ◽  
The North ◽  
Continental Arc

scholarly journals A new approach to mapping landslide hazards: a probabilistic integration of empirical and physically based models in the North Cascades of Washington, USA

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 2477-2495
Author(s):  
Ronda Strauch ◽  
Erkan Istanbulluoglu ◽  
Jon Riedel
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Approach ◽  
Joint Probability ◽  
North Cascades ◽  
Physically Based Model ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The North ◽  
Debris Avalanches ◽  
Landslide Hazards ◽  
Infinite Slope Stability Model ◽  
Physically Based

Abstract. We developed a new approach for mapping landslide hazards by combining probabilities of landslide impacts derived from a data-driven statistical approach and a physically based model of shallow landsliding. Our statistical approach integrates the influence of seven site attributes (SAs) on observed landslides using a frequency ratio (FR) method. Influential attributes and resulting susceptibility maps depend on the observations of landslides considered: all types of landslides, debris avalanches only, or source areas of debris avalanches. These observational datasets reflect the detection of different landslide processes or components, which relate to different landslide-inducing factors. For each landslide dataset, a stability index (SI) is calculated as a multiplicative result of the frequency ratios for all attributes and is mapped across our study domain in the North Cascades National Park Complex (NOCA), Washington, USA. A continuous function is developed to relate local SI values to landslide probability based on a ratio of landslide and non-landslide grid cells. The empirical model probability derived from the debris avalanche source area dataset is combined probabilistically with a previously developed physically based probabilistic model. A two-dimensional binning method employs empirical and physically based probabilities as indices and calculates a joint probability of landsliding at the intersections of probability bins. A ratio of the joint probability and the physically based model bin probability is used as a weight to adjust the original physically based probability at each grid cell given empirical evidence. The resulting integrated probability of landslide initiation hazard includes mechanisms not captured by the infinite-slope stability model alone. Improvements in distinguishing potentially unstable areas with the proposed integrated model are statistically quantified. We provide multiple landslide hazard maps that land managers can use for planning and decision-making, as well as for educating the public about hazards from landslides in this remote high-relief terrain.

scholarly journals Ritual Economy and the Organization of Scioto Hopewell Craft Production: Insights from the Outskirts of the Mound City Group

2020 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-304
Author(s):  
Timothy D. Everhart ◽  
Bret J. Ruby
Keyword(s):  
Craft Production ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Magnetic Survey ◽  
Middle Woodland ◽  
The North ◽  
Large Structures ◽  
Production Site ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Ritual Economy ◽  
City Group

This article offers insights into the organization of Scioto Hopewell craft production and examines the implications of this organization through the lens of ritual economy. We present a novel analysis of investigations at the North 40 site, concluding that it is a craft production site located on the outskirts of the renowned Mound City Group. High-resolution landscape-scale magnetic survey revealed a cluster of three large structures and two rows of associated pits; one of the buildings and three of the pits were sampled in excavations. Evidence from the North 40 site marks this as the best-documented Scioto Hopewell craft production site. Mica, chert, and copper were crafted here in contexts organized outside the realm of domestic household production and consumption. Other material remains from the site suggest that crafting was specialized and embedded in ceremonial contexts. This analysis of the complex organization of Scioto Hopewell craft production provides grounds for further understanding the elaborate ceremonialism practiced by Middle Woodland (AD 1–400) societies and adds to the known complexity of craft production in small-scale societies. Furthermore, this article contributes to a growing body of literature demonstrating the utility of ritual economy as a framework for approaching the sociality of small-scale societies.

scholarly journals Low-temperature thermochronologic signature of range-divide migration and breaching in the North Cascades

Lithosphere ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 473-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thibaud Simon-Labric ◽  
Gilles Y. Brocard ◽  
Christian Teyssier ◽  
Peter A. van der Beek ◽  
Peter W. Reiners ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
North Cascades ◽  
The North

Editorial

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Eva Cendon ◽  
John Butcher
Keyword(s):  
Further Education ◽  
University Education ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Widening Participation ◽  
The North ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
International Perspectives ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
International Sector ◽  
The Uk

This general edition of the journal provides insights and results of research employing a wide range of approaches and perspectives on widening participation and lifelong learning. Studies from across the UK and international sector utilise different methodological approaches, and as such are particularly interesting, with diverse methods and ways of analysis, including phenomenographic, narrative, and thematic analysis. Overall, the articles range from exploratory case studies and small-scale research to wider range and broad scale studies, highlighting different facets and perspectives. Furthermore, the articles in this volume cover a broad spectrum of institutions and places involved in widening participation, with an emphasis on the (higher) education sector in the UK balanced by international perspectives. The first seven empirical articles are based on research activities in a secondary school, a youth centre, in further education colleges (usually focusing on post-compulsory secondary or pre-university education), in so-called post-92 universities (new(er) universities, formerly Polytechnics and teacher training colleges), and last but not least in a research intensive Russell Group university. They reported challenges from the specific local contexts of different regions in England, from the South (Chichester) to London to the North (Carlisle), and can usefully be framed in the context of international discussions appearing later in the journal.

scholarly journals Investigating deaf children’s plural and diverse use of sign and spoken languages in a super diverse context

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Swanwick ◽  
Sue Wright ◽  
Jackie Salter
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Deaf Education ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
Deaf Children ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Unique Type ◽  
The North ◽  
Context Data ◽  
Language Exposure ◽  
Diverse Context

AbstractThis paper examines the meaning of plurality and diversity with respect to deaf children’s sign and spoken language exposure and repertoire within a super diverse context. Data is drawn from a small-scale project that took place in the North of England in a Local Authority (LA) site for deaf education. The project documented the language landscape of this site and gathered five individual case studies of deaf children to examine their plural and diverse language practices at home and at school. Analysis of the language landscape and case studies from this context is undertaken in order to define and exemplify deaf children’s language plurality and diversity in terms of context and individual experience. Concepts of repertoire are explored with particular reference to the unique type of translanguaging that the plural use of sign and spoken languages affords. Implications of these preliminary insights are discussed in terms of the development of methodologies that are sensitive to the particular translanguaging practices of deaf children, and approaches to pedagogy that are appropriately nuanced and responsive to deaf children’s language plurality and diversity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document