scholarly journals Salt Marshes as Groundwater Buffers for Development: A Survey of South Carolina Salt Marsh Basins

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia M. Wilson ◽  
Meghan Shanahan ◽  
Erik M. Smith
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Tidal Creek ◽  
Coastal Development ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Dissolved Nitrogen ◽  
Total Dissolved Nitrogen ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Linear Correlations

Salt marshes serve as zones of intense groundwater mixing and reaction between freshwater uplands and estuaries. This raises the question of whether the impacts of upland development on nutrient and carbon species can be transmitted through salt marshes via groundwater, or whether salt marshes can buffer estuarine waters from coastal development. We sampled groundwater from fifteen tidal creek basins in South Carolina to test for compositional differences associated with development and marsh width. Groundwater samples from near creekbanks and below freshwater uplands were analyzed for salinity, total dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus, and dissolved organic carbon. Analyses revealed significantly higher TDN and TDP concentrations in creekbank samples from developed watersheds, independent of the season. Analyses of upland samples revealed significantly lower DOC concentrations in developed uplands, again independent of season. These results support the hypothesis that development can affect groundwater compositions in coastal groundwater and therefore may affect coastal nutrient and carbon fluxes. However, results also revealed significant linear correlations between marsh width, salinity, and nutrient concentrations in some marshes. These results suggest that salt marshes can act as buffers for development, and specifically suggests that the buffering capacity of salt marshes increases with width. Narrow or trenched salt marshes are far less likely to be effective buffers.

scholarly journals Distributions and stoichiometry of dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus in the iron-fertilized region near Kerguelen (Southern Ocean)

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 623-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Blain ◽  
J. Capparos ◽  
A. Guéneuguès ◽  
I. Obernosterer ◽  
L. Oriol
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Polar Front ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Species ◽  
Dissolved Phosphorus ◽  
Dissolved Nitrogen ◽  
Total Dissolved Nitrogen ◽  
Preferential Uptake

Abstract. During KEOPS2 (Kerguelen Ocean and Plateau Compared Study 2), we determined dissolved inorganic and organic nitrogen and phosphorus species in the naturally fertilized region of Kerguelen Island (Southern Ocean). Above 150 m, stations were clearly separated by the polar front (PF), with concentrations of NO3-, NO2- and PO43- overall lower north of the PF than south. Though less pronounced, a similar trend was detectable for dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP). At all stations offshore and above the plateau, a subsurface maximum of NH4+ was observed between 50 and 150 m. We examined nutrient stoichiometry by calculating the linear combination N* = [NO3-]-16 [PO43-]. The majority of stations and depths revealed N* close to −3 μM; however, for surface waters north of the PF, N* increased up to 6 μM. This suggests a preferential uptake of PO43- versus NO3- by fast-growing diatoms. Using the tracer TNxs = [TDN]-16[TDP] (TDN, total dissolved nitrogen; TDP, total dissolved phosphorus) revealed that the dissolved organic fraction significantly contributed to changes in TNxs. TNxs values were negative for most stations and depths, and relatively constant in the 0–500 m layer. As for N*, the stations north of the PF had higher TNxs in the 0–100 m layer. We discuss this stoichiometric anomaly with respect to possible external sources and sinks of N and P. Additional data collected in February 2013 at two sites revealed the occurrence of a subsurface minimum of N* located just below the pycnocline, which denotes a layer where remineralization of particulate organic matter with low N : P ratio P, possibly associated with preferential remineralization of P versus N, persists throughout the season.

Variability in surface water chemistry and phytoplankton biomass in two tropical, tidally dominated mangrove creeks

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 451 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Trott ◽  
D. M. Alongi
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Phytoplankton Biomass ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Dissolved Nutrients ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Surface Water Chemistry ◽  
Dissolved Nitrogen

Surface water concentrations of dissolved nutrients and phytoplankton biomass (as chlorophyll a) were examined monthly in relation to physicochemical characteristics and rainfall for 30 months in two tropical, tidally dominated mangrove creeks in north Queensland, Australia. Dissolved nutrient concentrations and phytoplankton biomass peaked during summer with no or little significant change throughout the rest of the year. Dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations correlated inversely with salinity changes, implying that fresh water and suspended material from the watershed were the main source of dissolved nutrients.The mean dissolved inorganic N : P ratio in each creek (Control Creek 58 : 1, Sandfly Creek 26 : 1) was greater than the Redfield ratio (16 : 1), suggesting excess nitrogen relative to phosphorus. Variability in phytoplankton biomass did not correlate significantly with dissolved nitrogen or phosphorus concentrations, but did relate to rainfall patterns and changes in dissolved oxygen concentrations.These results suggest that pelagic conditions in these mangrove creeks are constant all year round, except during the summer wet season.

Preliminary Chemical Characterization of Waters in the Experimental Lakes Area, Northwestern Ontario

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. J. Armstrong ◽  
D. W. Schindler
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Specific Conductance ◽  
Canadian Shield ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Experimental Lakes Area ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Dissolved Phosphorus ◽  
Dissolved Nitrogen ◽  
Total Dissolved Nitrogen ◽  
Northwestern Ontario

Water analyses in 1968 and 1969 from 40 small lakes within a small area of the Canadian Shield in northwestern Ontario gave mean values for Ca, Na, Mg, and K of 1.6, 0.9, 0.9, and 0.4 mg/liter with Ca > Na > Mg > K on a molar basis. HCO3, SO4, and Cl (on a smaller number of samples) were 4.1, 3.0, and 1.4 mg/liter. Total CO2 was variable in the range 0.3–12.0 mg/liter. Specific conductance was in the range 10–35 μmho/cm at 25 C and pH 5.4–7.5. Color was < 5–150 Hazen units, and plant pigments (as chlorophyll a) < 1–21 μg/liter. Total dissolved nitrogen was in the range 110–300 mg N/liter and total dissolved phosphorus 3–20 μg P/liter. NO3-N and PO4-P were often undetectable in summer, and reached winter maxima around 100 and 10 μg/liter.Total dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus contents of five lakes were computed at the beginning and end of periods of several weeks during summer stagnation. Changes were negligibly small in three of the deeper lakes, but the two shallowest showed increases of 0.22 and 0.62 g N/m2 and 0.03 and 0.13 g P/m2. Analyses of precipitation and stream waters were used, with stream flow rates, to calculate input and output of nutrients from four of these lakes during the same periods. Retention of nutrients had occurred in all, and it was concluded that in the two deeper lakes nutrients had been lost to the sediments, whereas in the two shallower ones the increases in dissolved nutrients found were derived from the sediments.Analyses of 33 other Canadian Shield lake areas and of 13 other dilute lakes in other regions are tabulated. Comparison with the Experimental Lakes Area (ELA) lakes shows that the latter are more dilute than any in the Shield area except for some in the Northwest Territories, and much more dilute than any others in the world except for some alpine lakes in California.

Nutrients and their duration of enrichment influence periphyton cover and biomass in rural and urban streams

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis S. Elsdon ◽  
Karin E. Limburg
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Urban Streams ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Nutrient Delivery ◽  
Dissolved Nitrogen ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Ambient Concentrations

Although it is well known that land use affects nutrient dynamics and algal growth in streams, the responses to different durations of nutrient supply are poorly understood. The associations of benthic (periphyton-dominated) biomass with concentrations of dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus in rural and urban streams in New York were quantified. Biomass was significantly greater (2-fold) in the urban compared with the rural stream, which was associated with differences in dissolved nutrients. Experimental field enrichment of nutrient concentrations and duration of exposure altered benthic periphyton. Increasing nutrients by 60–99% of ambient concentrations increased periphyton percentage cover and biomass. Periphyton abundance also increased with increasing duration of exposure to nutrients (2, 4 and 8 weeks); however, short-term pulses of nutrients (2 weeks) had no significant effect in the rural stream. These results indicate that effective management of nutrient delivery, by reducing time periods of high nutrient load, will minimise impacts to benthic environments.

Corrigendum to: Long-term watershed management is an effective strategy to reduce organic matter export and disinfection by-product precursors in source water

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Majidzadeh ◽  
Huan Chen ◽  
T. Adam Coates ◽  
Kuo-Pei Tsai ◽  
Christopher I. Olivares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
Watershed Management ◽  
Prescribed Fire ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Dissolved Nitrogen ◽  
Total Dissolved Nitrogen

Watershed management practices such as prescribed fire, harvesting and understory mastication can alter the chemical composition and thickness of forest detritus, thus affecting the quantity and quality of riverine dissolved organic matter (DOM). Long-term effects of watershed management on DOM composition were examined through parallel field and extraction-based laboratory studies. The laboratory study was conducted using detritus samples collected from a pair of managed and unmanaged watersheds in South Carolina, USA. Results showed that dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) and ammonium (NH4+-N) concentrations were higher in water extracts from the unmanaged watershed than from the managed watershed (PPP

scholarly journals New insights on resource stoichiometry: assessing availability of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus to bacterioplankton

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1527-1539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana R. A. Soares ◽  
Ann-Kristin Bergström ◽  
Ryan A. Sponseller ◽  
Joanna M. Moberg ◽  
Reiner Giesler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Pattern ◽  
Relative Bioavailability ◽  
Boreal Lakes ◽  
Base Flow ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Dissolved Phosphorus ◽  
Dissolved Nitrogen ◽  
Total Dissolved Nitrogen ◽  
Main Fraction ◽  
High Bioavailability

Abstract. Boreal lake and river ecosystems receive large quantities of organic nutrients and carbon (C) from their catchments. How bacterioplankton respond to these inputs is not well understood, in part because we base our understanding and predictions on total pools, yet we know little about the stoichiometry of bioavailable elements within organic matter. We designed bioassays with the purpose of exhausting the pools of readily bioavailable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC), bioavailable dissolved nitrogen (BDN), and bioavailable dissolved phosphorus (BDP) as fast as possible. Applying the method in four boreal lakes at base-flow conditions yielded concentrations of bioavailable resources in the range 105–693 µg C L−1 for BDOC (2 % of initial total DOC), 24–288 µg N L−1 for BDN (31 % of initial total dissolved nitrogen), and 0.2–17 µg P L−1 for BDP (49 % of initial total dissolved phosphorus). Thus, relative bioavailability increased from carbon (C) to nitrogen (N) to phosphorus (P). We show that the main fraction of bioavailable nutrients is organic, representing 80 % of BDN and 61 % of BDP. In addition, we demonstrate that total C : N and C : P ratios are as much as 13-fold higher than C : N and C : P ratios for bioavailable resource fractions. Further, by applying additional bioavailability measurements to seven widely distributed rivers, we provide support for a general pattern of relatively high bioavailability of P and N in relation to C. Altogether, our findings underscore the poor availability of C for support of bacterial metabolism in boreal C-rich freshwaters, and suggest that these ecosystems are very sensitive to increased input of bioavailable DOC.

scholarly journals Automated simultaneous determination of total dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus in seawater by persulfate oxidation method

Talanta Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 100016
Author(s):  
Saori Yasui-Tamura ◽  
Fuminori Hashihama ◽  
Hiroshi Ogawa ◽  
Takashi Nishimura ◽  
Jota Kanda
Keyword(s):  
Simultaneous Determination ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Oxidation Method ◽  
Persulfate Oxidation ◽  
Dissolved Nitrogen ◽  
Total Dissolved Nitrogen

scholarly journals New insights on resource stoichiometry: assessing availability of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus to bacterioplankton

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana R. A. Soares ◽  
Ann-Kristin Bergström ◽  
Ryan A. Sponseller ◽  
Joanna M. Moberg ◽  
Reiner Giesler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Pattern ◽  
Relative Bioavailability ◽  
Boreal Lakes ◽  
Base Flow ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Dissolved Phosphorus ◽  
Dissolved Nitrogen ◽  
Total Dissolved Nitrogen ◽  
Nutrient Resources

Abstract. Boreal lake and river ecosystems receive large quantities of organic nutrients and carbon (C) from their 10 catchments. How bacterioplankton respond to these inputs is not well understood, in part because we base our understanding and predictions on "total pools", yet we know little about the stoichiometry of bioavailable elements within the organic matter. We designed bioassays with the purpose to exhaust the pools of readily bioavailable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC), bioavailable dissolved nitrogen (BDN) and bioavailable dissolved phosphorus (BDP) as fast as possible. Applying the method in four boreal lakes at base flow conditions yielded concentrations of bioavailable resources that ranged from 105–693 μg C L−1 for BDOC (2 % of total DOC), 24–288 μg N L−1 for BDN (31 % of total dissolved nitrogen) and 0.2–17 μg P L−1 for BDP (49 % of total dissolved phosphorus). Thus, relative bioavailability increased from carbon (C) to nitrogen (N) to phosphorus (P). We show that the main part of bioavailable nutrient resources is organic, representing 80 % of BDN and 61 % of BDP. In addition, we demonstrate that total C : N and C : P ratios are as much as 13-fold higher than C : N and C : P ratios for bioavailable resource fractions. Further, by applying additional bioavailability measurements to seven widely 20 distributed rivers, we provide support for a general pattern of relatively high bioavailability of P and N in relation to C. Altogether, our findings underscore the role of C as limiting factor for bacterial growth in boreal C-rich freshwaters, and suggest that these ecosystems are very sensitive to increased input of bioavailable DOC.

Total dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations at US-JGOFS station ALOHA: Redfield reconciliation

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 203-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Karl ◽  
Georgia Tien ◽  
John Dore ◽  
Christopher D. Winn
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Dissolved Nitrogen ◽  
Total Dissolved Nitrogen ◽  
Station Aloha
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