scholarly journals Occupation-Based Life Expectancy: Actuarial Fairness in Determining Statutory Retirement Age

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorly J.H. Deeg ◽  
Wouter De Tavernier ◽  
Sascha de Breij
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Health Differences ◽  
Actuarial Fairness ◽  
Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam ◽  
Aging Study ◽  
Health Accounts ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Academic Professions

This study examines occupation-based differences in life expectancy and the extent to which health accounts for these differences. Twentyseven-year survival follow-up data were used from the Dutch population-based Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (n = 2,531), initial ages 55–85 years. Occupation was based on longest-held job. Results show that the non-skilled general, technical and transport domains had an up to 3.5-year shorter life expectancy than the academic professions, accounting for the compositional characteristics age and gender. Statutory retirement age could be made to vary accordingly, by allowing a proportionally greater pension build-up in the shorter-lived domains. Health accounted for a substantial portion of the longevity difference, ranging from 20 to 66%, depending on the health indicator. Thus, health differences between occupational domains today can be used as a means to tailor retirement ages to individuals’ risks of longevity. These data provide a proof of principle for the development of an actuarially fair method to determine statutory retirement ages.

scholarly journals Frailty Changes Predict Mortality in 4 Longitudinal Studies of Aging

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erwin Stolz ◽  
Emiel O Hoogendijk ◽  
Hannes Mayerl ◽  
Wolfgang Freidl
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Frailty Index ◽  
Credible Interval ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Time To Event Data ◽  
Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam ◽  
Aging Study ◽  
Longitudinal Aging Study

Abstract Background Baseline frailty index (FI) values have been shown to predict mortality among older adults, but little is known about the effects of changes in FI on mortality. Methods In a coordinated approach, we analyzed data from 4 population-based cohorts: the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), the English Longitudinal Survey of Ageing (ELSA), and the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA), comprising a total of 24 961 respondents (65+), 95 897 observations, up to 9 repeated FI assessments, and up to 23 years of mortality follow-up. The effect of time-varying FI on mortality was modeled with joint regression models for longitudinal and time-to-event data. Results Differences (of 0.01) in current FI levels (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.04, 95% credible interval [CI] = 1.03–1.05) and baseline FI levels (HR = 1.03, 95% CI = 1.03–1.05) were consistently associated with mortality across studies. Importantly, individuals with steeper FI growth also had a higher mortality risk: An increase in annual FI growth by 0.01 was associated with an increased mortality risk of HR = 1.56 (95% CI = 1.49–1.63) in HRS, HR = 1.24 (95% CI = 1.13–1.35) in SHARE, HR = 1.40 (95% CI = 1.25–1.52) in ELSA, and HR = 1.71 (95% CI = 1.46–2.01) in LASA. Conclusions FI changes predicted mortality independently of baseline FI differences. Repeated assessment of frailty and individual’s frailty trajectory could provide a means to anticipate further health deterioration and mortality and could thus support clinical decision making.

scholarly journals Endogenous subclinical thyroid disorders, physical and cognitive function, depression, and mortality in older individuals

2011 ◽  
Vol 165 (4) ◽  
pp. 545-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renate T de Jongh ◽  
Paul Lips ◽  
Natasja M van Schoor ◽  
Kelly J Rijs ◽  
Dorly J H Deeg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Thyroid Medication ◽  
Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam ◽  
Aging Study ◽  
Subclinical Thyroid Disorders

ObjectiveTo what extent endogenous subclinical thyroid disorders contribute to impaired physical and cognitive function, depression, and mortality in older individuals remains a matter of debate.DesignA population-based, prospective cohort of the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam.MethodsTSH and, if necessary, thyroxine and triiodothyronine levels were measured in individuals aged 65 years or older. Participants were classified according to clinical categories of thyroid function. Participants with overt thyroid disease or use of thyroid medication were excluded, leaving 1219 participants for analyses. Outcome measures were physical and cognitive function, depressive symptoms (cross-sectional), and mortality (longitudinal)ResultsSixty-four (5.3%) individuals had subclinical hypothyroidism and 34 (2.8%) individuals had subclinical hyperthyroidism. Compared with euthyroidism (n=1121), subclinical hypo-, and hyper-thyroidism were not significantly associated with impairment of physical or cognitive function, or depression. On the contrary, participants with subclinical hypothyroidism did less often report more than one activity limitation (odds ratio 0.44, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.22–0.86). After a median follow-up of 10.7 years, 601 participants were deceased. Subclinical hypo- and hyper-thyroidism were not associated with increased overall mortality risk (hazard ratio 0.89, 95% CI 0.59–1.35 and 0.69, 95% CI 0.40–1.20 respectively).ConclusionsThis study does not support disadvantageous effects of subclinical thyroid disorders on physical or cognitive function, depression, or mortality in an older population.

scholarly journals Serum IGF1, metabolic syndrome, and incident cardiovascular disease in older people: a population-based study

2013 ◽  
Vol 168 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christa C van Bunderen ◽  
Mirjam M Oosterwerff ◽  
Natasja M van Schoor ◽  
Dorly J H Deeg ◽  
Paul Lips ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Older People ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam ◽  
Aging Study ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

ObjectiveHigh as well as low levels of IGF1 have been associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The relationship of IGF1 with (components of) the metabolic syndrome could help to clarify this controversy. The aims of this study were: i) to investigate the association of IGF1 concentration with prevalent (components of) the metabolic syndrome; and ii) to examine the role of (components of) the metabolic syndrome in the relationship between IGF1 and incident CVD during 11 years of follow-up.MethodsData were used from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam, a cohort study in a representative sample of the Dutch older population (≥65 years). Data were available in 1258 subjects. Metabolic syndrome was determined using the definition of the US National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. CVD were ascertained by self-reports and mortality data.ResultsLevels of IGF1 in the fourth quintile were associated with prevalent metabolic syndrome compared with the lowest quintile (odds ratio: 1.59, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09–2.33). The middle up to the highest quintile of IGF1 was positively associated with high triglycerides in women. Metabolic syndrome was not a mediator in the U-shaped relationship of IGF1 with CVD. Both subjects without the metabolic syndrome and low IGF1 levels (hazard ratio (HR) 1.75, 95% CI 1.12–2.71) and subjects with the metabolic syndrome and high IGF1 levels (HR 2.28, 95% CI 1.21–4.28) demonstrated increased risks of CVD.ConclusionsIn older people, high-normal IGF1 levels are associated with prevalent metabolic syndrome and high triglycerides. Furthermore, this study suggests the presence of different pathomechanisms for both low and high IGF1 levels and incident CVD.

Older adults’ accounts of the relationships between retirement timing and health: a descriptive qualitative analysis in Chile

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Shura ◽  
Sebastian Opazo ◽  
Esteban Calvo
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Occupational Class ◽  
Framework Analysis ◽  
Retirement Timing ◽  
Important Health ◽  
Gendered Patterns ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Retirement timing can have important health implications. Little is known, however, about older adults’ views on this issue and whether they consider it better to retire later, earlier, on time or anytime. This knowledge gap about older adults’ views is particularly true outside North America and Europe. This qualitative study aims to examine older Chileans’ ideas about the relationship between retirement timing and health and to explore gender and class patterns in qualitative themes identified, knowledge which may strengthen quantitative population-based approaches. Framework analysis was conducted on qualitative accounts from a purposive, non-random sample of 40 older Chileans in six focus groups, stratified by gender and class as marked by lifetime occupation. Transcriptions were coded by two independent reviewers (inter-coder reliability = 81%) according to four deductive categories of retirement timing as well as inductive coding of emergent themes. The content and sequence of codes were visually represented in MAXQDA's document portraits and illustrated with descriptive quotes. Results indicate that participants’ views about when to retire in order to maximise health did not highlight retirement age or timing (later, earlier, on time, anytime). Instead, these older Chileans emphasised that the optimal retirement age depends on other conditions, such as employment quality, retirement income and gender. These views were patterned: lower occupational-class participants emphasised income and job hazards, higher-class males emphasised job satisfaction and higher-class females emphasised gendered patterns. Women and lower-class participants were relatively more favourable to earlier retirements than men and higher-class participants. Overall, qualitative analyses of lay perspectives from understudied country contexts complement and extend population-based models focused on timing or retirement age, suggest specific characteristics of retirement transitions that may moderate health consequences, and highlight class and gender differences in views of retirement timing. More research is needed using mixed-methods approaches and leveraging both purposive and random samples.

Secular trends in the prevalence of major and subthreshold depression among 55–64-year olds over 20 years

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (11) ◽  
pp. 1824-1834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans W. Jeuring ◽  
Hannie C. Comijs ◽  
Dorly J. H. Deeg ◽  
Max L. Stek ◽  
Martijn Huisman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Functional Limitations ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Secular Trends ◽  
Subthreshold Depression ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Screening Design ◽  
Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam ◽  
Aging Study ◽  
Psychosocial Conditions

AbstractBackgroundStudying secular trends in the exposure to risk and protective factors of depression and whether these trends are associated with secular trends in the prevalence of depression is important to estimate future healthcare demands and to identify targets for prevention.MethodsThree birth cohorts of 55–64-year olds from the population-based Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam were examined using identical methods in 1992 (n = 944), 2002 (n = 964) and 2012 (n = 957). A two-stage screening design was used to identify subthreshold depression (SUBD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). Multinomial logistic regression analyses were used to identify secular trends in depression prevalence and to identify factors from the biopsychosocial domains of functioning that were associated with these trends.ResultsCompared with 1992, MDD became more prevalent in 2002 (OR 1.90, 95% CI 1.10–3.28, p = 0.022) and 2012 (OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.03–3.14, p = 0.039). This was largely attributable to an increase in the prevalence of chronic diseases and functional limitations. Socioeconomic and psychosocial improvements, including an increase in labor market participation, social support and mastery, hampered MDD rates to rise more and were also associated with a 32% decline of SUBD-rates in 2012 as compared with 2002 (OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.48–0.96, p = 0.03).ConclusionsAmong late middle-aged adults, there is a substantial net increase of MDD, which is associated with deteriorating physical health. If morbidity and disability continue to increase, a further expansion of MDD rates may be expected. Improving socioeconomic and psychosocial conditions may benefit public health, as these factors were protective against a higher prevalence of both MDD and SUBD.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WORKING TIME AND RETIREMENT TIME IN THE NUTS 2 REGIONS OF HUNGARY IN THE LIGHT OF GENDER AND REGIONAL DISPARITIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 309-320
Author(s):  
Felix A. Dorstelmann ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Regional Disparities ◽  
Working Time ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Gender

This paper examined the effects of raising the statutory retirement age at NUTS 2 levels, differentiated by gender in Hungary. The evaluation criterion was the ratio of working time to retirement time concerning adults average life expectancy. This criterion was used to examine whether and to what extent regional and gender disparities exist at NUTS 2 levels and whether these disparities should be considered in policy measures. The empirical results indicated differences between the genders and regions regarding the burden of raising the retirement age. Women spend more time in retirement than men in terms of average adult life expectancy. This finding illustrates the difference in life expectancy between the sexes in Hungary. Besides, regional disparities in participation in the pension system have been observed for both women and men. These disparities can cause unintended distributional effects when the retirement age is increased. In this context, it is recommended that further policy measures are taken to address gender and regional disparities.

scholarly journals Capturing Subjective Age, Subjective Life Expectancy, and Their Links With Older Adults’ Health: The Dutch Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam

2021 ◽  
pp. 089826432110040
Author(s):  
Dorly J. H. Deeg ◽  
Erik J. Timmermans ◽  
Almar A. L. Kok
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Generalized Estimating Equations ◽  
Similar Magnitude ◽  
Subjective Age ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam ◽  
Aging Study ◽  
Longitudinal Aging Study

Objectives: This study compares the associations of two subjective lifetime perspectives, subjective age (SA) and subjective life expectancy (SLE), with physical performance, self-rated health, and depressive symptoms. Methods: 64 91-year-old participants were selected from three waves of the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (2008/09, 2011/12, 2015/16; n = 1822 participants, n = 3500 observations) that included graphical and numerical measures of SA and SLE. We used generalized estimating equations to examine their associations with health. Results: Associations of SA/SLE with health were weaker for physical performance than for self-rated health and depressive symptoms. The associations of SA and SLE with physical performance were of similar magnitude but with self-rated health depended on the type of measure. Depressive symptoms, instead, showed a stronger association with SA than with SLE. Graphical measures showed weaker associations than numerical measures. Discussion: The way in which subjective lifetime perspectives and health are conceptualized and measured influences the strength of their associations.

scholarly journals Thyroid function and the metabolic syndrome in older persons: a population-based study

2013 ◽  
Vol 168 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie E Heima ◽  
E Marelise W Eekhoff ◽  
Mirjam M Oosterwerff ◽  
Paul T A Lips ◽  
Natasja M van Schoor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam ◽  
Aging Study ◽  
Longitudinal Aging Study ◽  
Serum Tsh

BackgroundStudies suggest an association between a high TSH and (individual components of) the metabolic syndrome. Only a few studies have been performed in the general older population.ObjectiveThis study investigates the association between serum TSH and the metabolic syndrome in a representative sample of older persons in The Netherlands.Design and patientsData of the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam were used, which is an ongoing cohort study in a representative sample of Dutch older persons. A total of 1187 subjects (590 men and 597 women) between the ages of 65 and 88 years participated in the study.MeasurementsMetabolic syndrome (US National Cholesterol Education Program definition) and its individual components were assessed, as well as serum TSH levels.ResultsAmong the participants, the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was 34.2%. The mean serum TSH was 1.9 mU/l. Subjects in the upper quartile with a serum TSH level above 2.28 mU/l (odds ratio (OR)=1.68; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.19–2.37) had a significantly increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome compared with subjects in the lowest quartile with a serum TSH below 1.04 mU/l. After adjustment for confounders, age, sex, alcohol use, total physical activity, and smoking, the OR was 1.62 (95% CI 1.15–2.32).ConclusionsSubjects with a serum TSH in the upper quartile have a higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome as compared with subjects with a serum TSH in the lowest quartile.

scholarly journals Psychosocial and Health-Related Factors Associated With Discordance Between 13-Year Trajectories of Self-Reported Functional Limitations and Performance-Based Physical Functioning in Old Age

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 1084-1097
Author(s):  
Almar A. L. Kok ◽  
Marieke J. Henstra ◽  
Nathalie van der Velde ◽  
Didi Rhebergen ◽  
Natasja M. van Schoor
Keyword(s):  
Physical Functioning ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Functional Limitations ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam ◽  
Aging Study ◽  
And Performance

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine correlates of discordance between 13-year trajectories of self-reported functional limitations and performance-based physical functioning in older adults. Method: We included 2,135 participants from the population-based Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam, the Netherlands, followed across 1995-2008. Self-reported functional limitations included six (instrumental) activities of daily living. Performance-based functioning was a composite of four tests. We used latent class growth analysis and multinomial logistic regression to examine discordance and its correlates. Results: Patterns of discordance and concordance (41% concordance, 46% “overestimation” of daily functioning, 13% “underestimation”) appeared to be persistent over 13 years. Older age, male sex, cognitive impairment, absence of pain, and light alcohol use were associated with overestimation. Younger age, female sex, and lower self-rated health were associated with underestimation. Discussion: Factors associated with overestimation partly differ from those associated with underestimation. Factors that are highly stable over time are particularly good indicators of persistent discordance.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document