scholarly journals Influence of Martian Radiation-like Conditions on the Growth of Secale cereale and Lepidium sativum

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Tack ◽  
G.W.W. Wamelink ◽  
A.G. Denkova ◽  
M. Schouwenburg ◽  
H. Hilhorst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Solar Flares ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Martian Surface ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
And Control

The Martian surface is constantly exposed to a high dose of cosmic radiation consisting of highly energetic particles and multiple types of ionizing radiation. The dose can increase temporarily by a factor of 50 through the occurrence of highly energetic solar flares. This may affect crop growth in greenhouses on the Martian surface possibly making settlement of humans more complicated. Shielding crops from radiation might be done at the expense of lighting efficiency. However, the most energy-efficient cultivation may be achieved through the use of natural daylight with the addition of LED lights. The goal of our research was to investigate whether Martian radiation, both the constant and the solar flares events, affects plant growth of two crop species, rye and garden cress. The levels of radiation received on the surface of Mars, simulated with an equivalent dose of 60Co γ-photons, had a significant negative effect on the growth of the two crop species. Although germination percentages were not affected by radiation, biomass growth was significantly decreased by 32% for cress and 48% for rye during the first 4 weeks after germination. Part of the biomass differences may be due to differences in temperature between radiation and control treatment, however it cannot explain the whole difference between the treatment and control. Coloring of leaves, necrosis and brown parts, was observed as well. Temporary increases in ionizing radiation dose at different development stages of the plants did not significantly influence the final dry weight of the crops.

scholarly journals Influence of Seed Hardening Techniques on Vigor, Growth and Yield of Wheat under Drought Conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Amir Zaman Khan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Sowing Seed ◽  
And Control ◽  
Peg 8000 ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Exploring ways to improve stand establishment and crop productivity under abiotic stresses like drought is important. Two years experiments were conducted at University of Agriculture, Peshawar-Pakistan to examine the efficacy of six pre-sowing seed hardening agents. Seeds of wheat cultivar Uqab-2000 were hardened in six different chemicals of various concentration viz; PEG-8000 (10%), CaCl2 (4%), KNO3, (3%), Mannital (4%), NaCl (5%), Na2SO4 (2%) along with water soaking and dry seeds as control for 24 hours and drying back to original moisture content at room temperature. The soaking and drying of seeds was repeated twice for 12 hours. The results showed that pre-sowing hardening of seed with PEG-8000, CaCl2 and KNO3 gave higher germination, decreased days to 50% germination, increased shoot length, root length, seedling fresh and dry weight in laboratory experiment as compared with other hardening and control treatment. Under field conditions, maximum plant height (93.53cm), spikelet’s spike-1 (17.16), grains spike-1 (50.82), 1000 grain weight (39.97 g), grain yield (3482 kg ha-1) and maximum harvest index (32.5%) were observed in PEG-8000 hardened seed than control treatment (2872 kg ha-1). Seed hardened in PEG-8000, CaCl2 and KNO3 gave 30% increase in grain yield as compared to Mannital, NaCl and Na2SO4 which gave 15% increase in grain yield over control treatment.

scholarly journals The effect of different fungicides and bactericides on rooting of pelargonium cuttings

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Copper Sulfate ◽  
Mother Plant ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Thiophanate Methyl ◽  
Significant Negative Effect ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Set Up ◽  
And Control

Geranium (Pelargonium) is one of most widespread and popular flowers in Europe due to their ornamental value. It is mostly propagated by cuttings, but propagation from seeds is also gaining increasing interest. The advantage of cuttings is that one can produce a relatively large numbers of identical plants, relatively quickly. Its disadvantage, however, is that one can very easily transfer diseases from the mother plant. In our experiments, the main purpose was to assess the rooting effect of some bactericides and fungicides used during cuttings. Cuttings exposed to rooting hormone were also treated with five different pesticides: tribasic copper sulfate, kasugamycin, thiophanate-methyl + propamocarb, fluopyram, and cyprodinil + fludioxonil. In parallel, a control treatment was set up, where exclusively rooting hormone was applied (NAA). We tested 40 cuttings in a 10 x 4 repetition in each treatment, which equivalates to an overall number of 280 cuttings. Upon comparing the treated and control geranium cuttings, we did not find any significant negative effect in the rooting process.

scholarly journals Effect of some chemical and physical elicitors on some secondary compound induction of Ricinus communis through callus induction

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Baan Munim Twaij ◽  
Alaa Jabbar Taha
Keyword(s):  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Secondary Compounds ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Physical Treatment ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Secondary Compound ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Positive Effect

The results of the present study showed that AgNo3 and ABA has a negative effect on fresh and dry weight, where both of   weight significantly decreased when treated with ABA and AgNo3 compare to control treatment,  except callus treated with AgNo3 at 4mg/l, the rate of fresh and dry weight  significantly increased reached to 434,77mg respectively compared to control. Physical  treatment also had a significant effect on fresh and dry weight for callus, the highest fresh and dry weight significantly reached to 491,93 mg respectively when callus exposure  for 10 minutes to UV ray. The exposure to light for different period had negative effect on the rates of fresh and dry weight, as the control superior significantly for all lighting treatment.The concentration of all the secondary compounds extracted from callus increased significantly compared to their concentration in the seed extract. The addition of chemical treatments to callus lead to the difference in the concentration of secondary compounds. The quercetin compound reached its highest and significantly to 95.17μg/ml at the concentration of 4mg/l of AgNo3. while kaempferol suffer significantly decrease at all concentration of AgNo3, and reached to highest value significantly at control 114.76μg/ml, added concentration at 6 mg/l of AgNo3 had a positive effect in increasing the concentration of Ricinin significantly to 119.90μg/ml.  Show the results of Callus treatment with ABA, different in the concentration of secondary compounds compared with control, where control treatment significantly increase kaempferol and qurecetin compound, were reaching to71.41,114.76μg/ml respectively. While the concentration of ricinin significantly increased to 194.34μg/ml at 2mg/l ABA concentration compared to control. The physical treatment had a significant effect on the concentration of secondary compounds, the concentration of all compounds was highest significantly when callus exposure for 24 hour to light compared to control. There was no significant effect on the concentration of secondary compounds at callus exposure to UV for tow period of exposure

scholarly journals Improvement of Cymbopogon flexuosus Biomass and Essential Oil Production With Organic Manures

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Vauvenargues Lopes ◽  
Suzan Kelly Vilela Bertolucci ◽  
Alexandre Alves de Carvalho ◽  
Heitor Luiz Heiderich Roza ◽  
Felipe Campos Figueiredo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Medicinal Species ◽  
Cymbopogon Flexuosus ◽  
And Control ◽  
Organic Compost

Cymbopogon flexuosus is a medicinal species with relevant commercial value and widely used in flavors, fragrances, toiletries, cosmetics, soaps, detergents, and pharmaceutical products. The objective of this study was evaluate the effects of different doses and sources of two manures and one compost on plant growth, leaf nutrient accumulation, content, yield, and chemical composition of the essential oil. The sources were cattle manure, quail manure, and organic compost applied in four doses and control treatment. The species increased the growth and productions of secondary metabolites by use the manures and organic compost. The highest weight gain was obtained with fertilization between 300 and 450 g pot-1 of quail manure, but the yield of essential oil in the doses from 150 to 300 g pot-1. Overall, lemon grass plants fertilized with quail manure accumulated greater concentrations of nutrients in leaf tissue than cattle manure and compost. The neral content in the essential oil was increased with the use of quail manure compared to compost and cattle manure. The results from this study demonstrated that dose and source can alter dry weight, leaf nutrients accumulation, and essential oil content and yield.

The Influence of Color Shading Net on the Growing of Lettuce

2017 ◽  
Vol 866 ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
Nithiwatthn Choosakul ◽  
Piyanath Pagamas
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lettuce Growth ◽  
Set Up ◽  
And Control ◽  
Color Shading

Nowadays, shading net is widely use in Thailand, especially for vegetable production. Many colors of shading net can be found in the market. In this experiment, we set up three net houses for lettuce by using three colors of 50% transparent shading net, black, red and green. Ten of 15 days after planting (DAP) lettuces were moved to each color net house and control (direct sun). Total 40 lettuces were used for 10 days experiment. The result showed that the leave length and width of lettuce under red shading net respectively were significantly bigger than those under green shading net and control treatment without significant difference with the black shading net. The lettuce under red shading net had a highest stem diameter, fresh weight and dry weight comparing with others color shading net. The spectra of the solar radiations that transmitted through the red shading net were suitable for the photosynthesis of the lettuce leaves that could promote lettuce growth and yield.

scholarly journals Biological activity of Arum Cyreniacum (Araceae) and potential use as Bioherbicide

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-67
Author(s):  
Ahlam K Alaila ◽  
Sami M Salih ◽  
Ahmed A Abdulrraziq
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Negative Effect

The present investigation aims was carried out to study the biological activity of aqueous extract and shoot crude powder of Arum cyreniacum (ACSAE and ACSCP) on some germination and growth parameters (germination bioassay experiment) besides major physiological, and biochemical processes (pot experiment) In Hordeum vulgare (crop species) and Phalaris minor (weed species) of different concentrations of A. cyreniacum on germination percentage (GP), coleoptile (CL) and radicle (RL) lengths, seedling shoot and root length seedling fresh and dry weight, some nutrients (N, K, Na, Cu, Fe, and Ni ), and photosynthetic pigments .Generally, the effect of the all concentrations levels of the extract on (GP), (CL) and (RL) on H. vulgare seeds was ineffectively decreased with increasing the concentrations of A. cyreniacum while the percentage was significantly decreased with increasing the concentrations of the with P. minor. All concentrations levels of the extracts reduced coleoptile (CL) and radicle (RL) lengths of H. vulgare. Likewise, the reduction in the two parameters was documented in P. minor. Were more affected in P. minor compared to H. vulgare. There was a significant within the concentration of micronutrients as well as the entire photosynthetic color substance of P. minor seedlings grown in ACSCP. Treatment with ACSCP had a more negative effect on total nitrogen in P. minor than on H. vulgare. Keywords: R Hordeum Vulgare; Growth Parameters; Nutrient Content; Photosynthetic Pigments

scholarly journals Influence of Seed Invigoration Techniques on Germination and Seedling Vigor of Maize (Zea mays L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 61-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.Z. Khan ◽  
T. Shah ◽  
S. Khan ◽  
A. Rehman ◽  
H. Akbar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Peg 6000 ◽  
Comparative Efficiency ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
And Control

Abstract The objective of this study was to assess the comparative efficiency of different priming techniques on germination and early seedling growth of maize cultivars. Laboratory experiments were conducted to examine the efficacy of different seed invigoration treatments on seed germination and vigor traits of three maize hybrids, Pioneer 3025, Pioneer 70 and Baber at Agronomy research laboratory, University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan. The experiment was laid in completely randomized design (CRD) and was replicated thrice. The treatments included control treatment (T1) unsoaked/dry seed, (T2) hydropriming with distilled water for 24 hrs, (T3) halo priming treatments with NaCl (3% solution) for 24 hrs, (T4) osmopriming with PEG-6000 for 24 hrs and (T5), hormonal priming with GA3 for 24 hrs. The results showed that seed invigoration treatment with gibberellic acid (GA3) PEG-6000 and hydropriming with distilled water for 24 hrs gave higher germination, decreased days to 50% germination, increased shoot length, root length, seedling fresh and dry weight, as compared to halo priming with NaCl and control treatment. It is concluded that seed invigoration with GA3, osmopriming with PEG-6000 and hydropriming with distilled water for 24 hrs serve as an appropriate treatment for accelerating the emergence and growth parameters of maize hybrid. Pioneer 3025 showed its superiority over other cultivars in all the studied parameters.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of the Ageratum (Ageratum conyzoides) Leaf Extract as Botanical Fungicide Against Twisted Disease of Shallot

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Rianosa Rianosa ◽  
Hartal Hartal ◽  
Setyowati Setyowati
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Anti Fungal ◽  
And Control

Rianosa R, Hartal H, Setyowati N. 2020. Effectiveness of the Ageratum (Ageratum conyzoides) leaf extract as botanical fungicide against moler diseases of shallot. Jurnal Lahan Suboptimal: Journal of Suboptimal Lands 9(1): 1-10.  Moler is a major disease of onion caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae. Application of synthetic fungicides in the long-term has a negative effect to the environment. Weed leaves of Ageratum (Ageratum conyzoides) have potential to be an anti-fungal, anti-bacterial as well as anti-cancer. This study aimed to determine the best concentration of Ageratum leaf extract to control twisted disease and to compare the effectiveness of botanical fungicide and synthetic fungicide. The research was conducted in June - September 2018 at the Plant Protection Laboratory and greenhouse, University of Bengkulu. The experiment was consists of five Ageratum leaf extract concentrations as a botanical fungicide (i.e. 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5%), and synthetic fungicide namely mancozeb and metil tiofanat and control treatment (in sterile soil with no fungicide treatment). The experiment used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with a single factor. Ageratum leaf extract was obtained through the maceration method using ethanol 96%. The application of fungicide was carried out on shallot bulbs before planting. The results showed botanical fungicides from Ageratum leaf extract were effective against twisted disease of shallots, concentration 4% of Ageratum leaf extract resulted in a longer incubation period and lower disease intensity compared to other concentrations, and the effectiveness of Ageratum leaf extract at a concentration of 4% was comparable to that of mancozeb to control twisted disease. Application of both synthetic and botanical fungicide resulted in a higher yield of shallot. Therefore, Ageratum leaf extract has potential as a substitution of synthetic fungicides to control twisted disease of shallots.

scholarly journals Effect of Training Method and Spraying Gibberellic and Salicylic Acide on Some Vegetative Growth Characters of Snapdragon Plants Antirrhinum majus L.: تأثير طريقة التربية والمعاملة بحامضي السالسليك والجبرلين في بعض صفات النمو الخضري لنباتات حنك السبع Antirrhinum majus L.

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulrahman Abdulqader Al-Sheikhli - Yueamar Ahmed Ali
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Antirrhinum Majus ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Training Method ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
And Control

  The experiment was conducted at research station of the Horticulture and landscape department/ Agriculture college/ Diyala university during 2017 - 2018 seasons (8/10/2017 - 4/5/2018). The objectives of the experiment were to investigate the effect of training method , training method included four types (single stem, double stems , three stems and four stems). Gibberellic acid sprayed with two concentration (100 , 200 mg.L-1) also salicylic acid sprayed with two concentration (50, 100 mg.L-1) and control treatment sprayed two times with distilled water in 15/1/2018 and 15/2/2018. Training methods had significant effects on shoots growth characteristics, Single-stem training method had the best regarding plant height132.36cm, leaves chlorophyll content28.29%, total carbohydrate content58.78Spad unit. Four-stem training method had best results regarding leaves number269.72 leaf/plant, leaf area3235.98cm2/plant, fresh weigh of shoots72.77gm/plant, dry weigh of shoots19.18gm/plant. give spraying 100 mg/l of gibberellic acid had best results regarding plant height124.80cm, leaves number172.91leaf/plant, leaves area2872.81cm2/plant, fresh weight of shoots73.99gm/plant, dry weight of shoots19.48gm/plant, leaves chlorophyll content55.07spad unit, total carbohydrate content28.29%. Interactions between the studied factors had significant effect in all studied characteristics.    

scholarly journals The effect of adjuvants and reduced rates of crop protection agents on the occurrence of agricultural pests and on winter wheat productivity

2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 12-21
Author(s):  
CEZARY A. KWIATKOWSKI ◽  
MARIAN WESOŁOWSKI ◽  
MAGDA DRABOWICZ ◽  
BARBARA MISZTAL-MAJEWSKA
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Negative Effect

A field experiment in growing winter wheat was carried out in Czesławice (the central part of the Lublin region) in 2009–2011. The experiment was set up as a split-block design with 3 replications on grey-brown podzolic soil derived from loess. Tillage was performed in accordance with the agronomic practices typical of this species. NPK mineral fertilization was adjusted to high soil nutrient availability. The research included 3 rates of herbicides, fungicides and a retardant (100, 75, 50%) as well as various types of adjuvants (surface-active, oil, mineral). Plots without adjuvant application were the control treatment. It was shown that a 50% reduction in the rates of crop protection agents caused a considerable decrease in winter wheat grain yield and in some yield components compared with the 75% rate and the maximum rate. Due to the addition of adjuvants (especially the oil adjuvant) to the spray solution, the reduction in the rates of crop protection agents by 25% did not cause any decrease of winter wheat productivity. A further reduction (by 50%) in the rates of crop protection agents, in spite of the application of adjuvants, had a negative effect on wheat yield caused by an intense accumulation of air-dry weight of weeds in the crop as well as by higher susceptibility of wheat to a complex of fungal diseases infecting the stem base.

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