scholarly journals Enlightening the Chemistry of Infalling Envelopes and Accretion Disks Around Sun-Like Protostars: The ALMA FAUST Project

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Codella ◽  
C. Ceccarelli ◽  
C. Chandler ◽  
N. Sakai ◽  
S. Yamamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Accretion Disks ◽  
Early History ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Disk System ◽  
Large Program ◽  
Ionization Structure ◽  
History Of ◽  
System 2 ◽  
Huge Variety

The huge variety of planetary systems discovered in recent decades likely depends on the early history of their formation. In this contribution, we introduce the FAUST Large Program which focuses specifically on the early history of solar-like protostars and their chemical diversity at scales of ∼ 50 au, where planets are expected to form. In particular, the goal of the project is to reveal and quantify the variety of chemical composition of the envelope/disk system at scales of 50 au in a sample of Class 0 and I protostars representative of the chemical diversity observed at larger scales. For each source, we propose a set of molecules able to (1) disentangle the components of the 50–2000 au envelope/disk system, (2) characterize the organic complexity in each of them, (3) probe their ionization structure, and (4) measure their molecular deuteration. The output will be a homogeneous database of thousands of images from different lines and species, i.e., an unprecedented source survey of the chemical diversity of solar-like protostars. FAUST will provide the community with a legacy dataset that will be a milestone for astrochemistry and star formation studies.

Calculating the dust properties of the class I source Elias29

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Koutoulaki ◽  
Leonardo Testi ◽  
Anna Miotello ◽  
László Szűcs ◽  
Satoshi Yamamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Optical Depth ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
Band 3 ◽  
Early History ◽  
Class I ◽  
Planetary Formation ◽  
Disk System ◽  
History Of

<p>A first step towards understanding planetary formation is the characterisation of the structure and evolution of protoplanetary discs. A variety of planetary systems has been discovered in recent years and it likely depends on the early history of their formation. Thus understanding the chemical composition of early solar-like protostars is crucial. To be able to study the lines in detail though, a good knowledge of the dust properties and in particular the optical depth is needed in order to interpreted the lines correctly.</p> <p> </p> <p>In this talk I want to present our results of the class I source Elias29 as part of the FAUST (fifty au study of the chemistry in the disk/envelope system of solar-like protostars) collaboration. The goal of FAUST is to quantify the chemical composition of the envelope/disk system of solar-lie class 0 and I protostars. With the high spatial resolution of 50 au in band 3 and band 6 ALMA data we can spatially resolve the envelope and the disk on this source and calculate the dust properties of the two components.</p>

Some early history of replica techniques for electron microscopy

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1076-1077
Author(s):  
Robert M. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Early History ◽  
Bulk Materials ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Reflected Light ◽  
History Of ◽  
Electron Microscopes

By 1940, a half dozen or so commercial or home-built transmission electron microscopes were in use for studies of the ultrastructure of matter. These operated at 30-60 kV and most pioneering microscopists were preoccupied with their search for electron transparent substrates to support dispersions of particulates or bacteria for TEM examination and did not contemplate studies of bulk materials. Metallurgist H. Mahl and other physical scientists, accustomed to examining etched, deformed or machined specimens by reflected light in the optical microscope, were also highly motivated to capitalize on the superior resolution of the electron microscope. Mahl originated several methods of preparing thin oxide or lacquer impressions of surfaces that were transparent in his 50 kV TEM. The utility of replication was recognized immediately and many variations on the theme, including two-step negative-positive replicas, soon appeared. Intense development of replica techniques slowed after 1955 but important advances still occur. The availability of 100 kV instruments, advent of thin film methods for metals and ceramics and microtoming of thin sections for biological specimens largely eliminated any need to resort to replicas.

The early history of tuberous sclerosis

1979 ◽  
Vol 115 (11) ◽  
pp. 1317-1319 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Tuberous Sclerosis ◽  
Early History ◽  
History Of

New Light on the Early History of the Greater Northwest

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Henry ◽  
David Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Early History ◽  
History Of

The Film World’s Cooperative Store: Institutions and Films of the 1930s and 1940s

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Claire Thomson
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Early History ◽  
World War ◽  
International Context ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

This chapter traces the early history of state-sponsored informational filmmaking in Denmark, emphasising its organisation as a ‘cooperative’ of organisations and government agencies. After an account of the establishment and early development of the agency Dansk Kulturfilm in the 1930s, the chapter considers two of its earliest productions, both process films documenting the manufacture of bricks and meat products. The broader context of documentary in Denmark is fleshed out with an account of the production and reception of Poul Henningsen’s seminal film Danmark (1935), and the international context is accounted for with an overview of the development of state-supported filmmaking in the UK, Italy and Germany. Developments in the funding and output of Dansk Kulturfilm up to World War II are outlined, followed by an account of the impact of the German Occupation of Denmark on domestic informational film. The establishment of the Danish Government Film Committee or Ministeriernes Filmudvalg kick-started aprofessionalisation of state-sponsored filmmaking, and two wartime public information films are briefly analysed as examples of its early output. The chapter concludes with an account of the relations between the Danish Resistance and an emerging generation of documentarists.

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