scholarly journals Transcriptional Analysis of Maize Leaf Tissue Treated With Seaweed Extract Under Drought Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khanjan Trivedi ◽  
Vijay Anand K. Gopalakrishnan ◽  
Ranjeet Kumar ◽  
Arup Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Kappaphycus Alvarezii ◽  
Signal Transmission ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Seaweed Extract ◽  
Transcriptional Analysis ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Maize Leaf ◽  
Regulatory Processes

Kappaphycus alvarezii seaweed extract (KSWE) has been known for its plant biostimulant and stress alleviation activities on various crops. However, very few reports are available depicting its impact at the molecular level, which is crucial in identifying the mechanism of action of KSWE on plants. Here, maize leaf tissue of control and KSWE-treated plants were analyzed for their transcriptional changes under drought stress. KSWE was applied foliarly at the V5 stage of maize crop under drought, and leaf transcriptome analysis was performed. It was found that a total of 380 and 631 genes were up- and downregulated, respectively, due to the application of KSWE. Genes involved in nitrate transportation, signal transmission, photosynthesis, transmembrane transport of various ions, glycogen, and starch biosynthetic processes were found upregulated in KSWE-treated plants, while genes involved in the catabolism of polysaccharide molecules such as starch as well as cell wall macromolecules like chitin and protein degradation were found downregulated. An overview of differentially expressed genes involved in metabolic as well as regulatory processes in KSWE-treated plants was also analyzed via Mapman tool. Phytohormone signaling genes such as cytokinin-independent 1 (involved in cytokine signal transduction), Ent-kaurene synthase and GA20 oxidase (involved in gibberellin synthesis), and gene of 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase enzyme activity (involved in ethylene synthesis) were found upregulated while 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (a gene involved in abscisic acid synthesis) was found downregulated due to the application of KSWE. Modulation of gene expression in maize leaf tissue in response to KSWE treatment elucidates mechanisms to ward off drought stress, which can be extended to understand similar phenomenon in other crops as well. This molecular knowledge can be utilized to make the use of KSWE more efficient and sustainable.

Desiccation-tolerance specific gene expression in leaf tissue of the resurrection plant Sporobolus stapfianus

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuan Ngoc Le ◽  
Cecilia K. Blomstedt ◽  
Jianbo Kuang ◽  
Jennifer Tenlen ◽  
Donald F. Gaff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Desiccation Tolerance ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Resurrection Plant ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Irreversible Damage ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Sporobolus Stapfianus ◽  
Normal Metabolism

The desiccation tolerant grass Sporobolus stapfianus Gandoger can modulate cellular processes to prevent the imposition of irreversible damage to cellular components by water deficit. The cellular processes conferring this ability are rapidly attenuated by increased water availability. This resurrection plant can quickly restore normal metabolism. Even after loss of more than 95% of its total water content, full rehydration and growth resumption can occur within 24 h. To study the molecular mechanisms of desiccation tolerance in S. stapfianus, a cDNA library constructed from dehydration-stressed leaf tissue, was differentially screened in a manner designed to identify genes with an adaptive role in desiccation tolerance. Further characterisation of four of the genes isolated revealed they are strongly up-regulated by severe dehydration stress and only in desiccation-tolerant tissue, with three of these genes not being expressed at detectable levels in hydrated or dehydrating desiccation-sensitive tissue. The nature of the putative proteins encoded by these genes are suggestive of molecular processes associated with protecting the plant against damage caused by desiccation and include a novel LEA-like protein, and a pore-like protein that may play an important role in peroxisome function during drought stress. A third gene product has similarity to a nuclear-localised protein implicated in chromatin remodelling. In addition, a UDPglucose glucosyltransferase gene has been identified that may play a role in controlling the bioactivity of plant hormones or secondary metabolites during drought stress.

scholarly journals Global impacts of chromosomal imbalance on gene expression in Arabidopsis and other taxa

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (48) ◽  
pp. E11321-E11330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Hou ◽  
Xiaowen Shi ◽  
Chen Chen ◽  
Md. Soliman Islam ◽  
Adam F. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Global Gene Expression ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Chromosomal Imbalance ◽  
Regulatory Processes ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Global Impacts

Changes in dosage of part of the genome (aneuploidy) have long been known to produce much more severe phenotypic consequences than changes in the number of whole genomes (ploidy). To examine the basis of these differences, global gene expression in mature leaf tissue for all five trisomies and in diploids, triploids, and tetraploids of Arabidopsis thaliana was studied. The trisomies displayed a greater spread of expression modulation than the ploidy series. In general, expression of genes on the varied chromosome ranged from compensation to dosage effect, whereas genes from the remainder of the genome ranged from no effect to reduced expression approaching the inverse level of chromosomal imbalance (2/3). Genome-wide DNA methylation was examined in each genotype and found to shift most prominently with trisomy 4 but otherwise exhibited little change, indicating that genetic imbalance is generally mechanistically unrelated to DNA methylation. Independent analysis of gene functional classes demonstrated that ribosomal, proteasomal, and gene body methylated genes were less modulated compared with all classes of genes, whereas transcription factors, signal transduction components, and organelle-targeted protein genes were more tightly inversely affected. Comparing transcription factors and their targets in the trisomies and in expression networks revealed considerable discordance, illustrating that altered regulatory stoichiometry is a major contributor to genetic imbalance. Reanalysis of published data on gene expression in disomic yeast and trisomic mouse cells detected similar stoichiometric effects across broad phylogenetic taxa, and indicated that these effects reflect normal gene regulatory processes.

Understanding in vivo carbon precursor supply for fatty acid synthesis in leaf tissue

2000 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoming Bao ◽  
Manfred Focke ◽  
Mike Pollard ◽  
John Ohlrogge
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Carbon Precursor ◽  
Precursor Supply

scholarly journals A Novel WRKY Transcription Factor from Ipomoea trifida, ItfWRKY70, Confers Drought Tolerance in Sweet Potato

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 686
Author(s):  
Sifan Sun ◽  
Xu Li ◽  
Shaopei Gao ◽  
Nan Nie ◽  
Huan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Stomatal Aperture ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Ipomoea Trifida ◽  
Positive Role

WRKY transcription factors are one of the important families in plants, and have important roles in plant growth, abiotic stress responses, and defense regulation. In this study, we isolated a WRKY gene, ItfWRKY70, from the wild relative of sweet potato Ipomoea trifida (H.B.K.) G. Don. This gene was highly expressed in leaf tissue and strongly induced by 20% PEG6000 and 100 μM abscisic acid (ABA). Subcellar localization analyses indicated that ItfWRKY70 was localized in the nucleus. Overexpression of ItfWRKY70 significantly increased drought tolerance in transgenic sweet potato plants. The content of ABA and proline, and the activity of SOD and POD were significantly increased, whereas the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 were decreased in transgenic plants under drought stress. Overexpression of ItfWRKY70 up-regulated the genes involved in ABA biosynthesis, stress-response, ROS-scavenging system, and stomatal aperture in transgenic plants under drought stress. Taken together, these results demonstrated that ItfWRKY70 plays a positive role in drought tolerance by accumulating the content of ABA, regulating stomatal aperture and activating the ROS scavenging system in sweet potato.

scholarly journals Transcriptome Profile Analysis of Arabidopsis Reveals the Drought Stress-Induced Long Non-coding RNAs Associated With Photosynthesis, Chlorophyll Synthesis, Fatty Acid Synthesis and Degradation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kang Chen ◽  
Yang Huang ◽  
Chunni Liu ◽  
Yu Liang ◽  
Maoteng Li
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Chlorophyll Synthesis ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Mutant Lines

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in the response of plants to drought stress. The previous studies have reported that overexpression of LEA3 and VOC could enhance drought tolerance and improve the oil content in Brassica napus and Arabidopsis thaliana, and most of the efforts have been invested in the gene function analysis, there is little understanding of how genes that involved in these important pathways are regulated. In the present study, the transcriptomic results of LEA3 and VOC over-expressed (OE) lines were compared with the RNAi lines, mutant lines and control lines under long-term and short-term drought treatment, a series of differentially expressed lncRNAs were identified, and their regulation patterns in mRNA were also investigated in above mentioned materials. The regulation of the target genes of differentially expressed lncRNAs on plant biological functions was studied. It was revealed that the mutant lines had less drought-response related lncRNAs than that of the OE lines. Functional analysis demonstrated that multiple genes were involved in the carbon-fixing and chlorophyll metabolism, such as CDR1, CHLM, and CH1, were regulated by the upregulated lncRNA in OE lines. In LEA-OE, AT4G13180 that promotes the fatty acid synthesis was regulated by five lncRNAs that were upregulated under both long-term and short-term drought treatments. The key genes, including of SHM1, GOX2, and GS2, in the methylglyoxal synthesis pathway were all regulated by a number of down-regulated lncRNAs in OE lines, thereby reducing the content of such harmful compounds produced under stress in plants. This study identified a series of lncRNAs related to the pathways that affect photosynthesis, chlorophyll synthesis, fatty acid synthesis, degradation, and other important effects on drought resistance and oil content. The present study provided a series of lncRNAs for further improvement of crop varieties, especially drought resistant and oil content traits.

scholarly journals Doses and forms of Azospirillum brasilense inoculation on maize crop

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 373-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
José M. K. Santini ◽  
Salatiér Buzetti ◽  
Marcelo C. M. Teixeira Filho ◽  
Fernando S. Galindo ◽  
Daniel N. Coaguila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Zn Content ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT In search of a more sustainable agriculture, the use of beneficial microorganisms has been highlighted, because they are low-cost and can reduce the use of fertilizers and increase grain yield. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of A. brasilense inoculation and the best form and dose of inoculation in maize, measuring the impact on some physical characteristics and on its nutrition. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, in Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil, in a completely randomized design, with four replicates and eight treatments: 1) control; 2) Seed 1x; 3) Seed 2x; 4) Soil 1x; 5) Soil 2x; 6) Leaf 1x; 7) Leaf 2x; 8) Seed 1x + Leaf 1x, respectively representing in each treatment the site and dose of application (1x, dose recommended by the manufacturer; 2x, twice the dose recommended by the manufacturer). No differences were found in any physical characteristics evaluated between treatments; however, for nutrient contents in the leaf tissue, there was effect on Zn content. It was concluded that, regardless of the presence of A. brasilense inoculation, forms or dose (in hybrid DKB 350), in general, there were no improvements in the characteristics evaluated.

scholarly journals Structural And Functional Changes In Soil Microbes By Foliar Drift Spray of Seaweed Extract As Revealed By Metagenomics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khanjan Trivedi ◽  
Ranjeet Kumar ◽  
K. G. Vijayanand ◽  
Gopal Bhojani ◽  
Denish Kubavat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Microbes ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Kappaphycus Alvarezii ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Seaweed Extract ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Soil Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Illumina Platform ◽  
Functional Changes

Abstract Kappaphycus alvarezii seaweed extract (KSWE) is known to enhance crop productivity and impart stress tolerance and our preliminary studies showed their biostimulatory effect on soil bacteria also. Close to one quarter of the foliar spray carried out on maize falls on soil either as drift or from leaf as drip. Hence it was hypothesized, it would profoundly influence soil microbes under stress. An experiment was conducted with five treatments, with or without KSWE application at critical stages of maize under soil moisture stress and compared with an irrigated control. Illumina platform was employed for analysis of V3-V4 region of 16S rRNA gene from the soil metagenome. Total of 345,552 operational taxonomic units were generated which were classified into 55 phyla, 152 classes, 240 orders, 305 families and 593 genera. Shannon’s index and Shannon’s equitability indicated increased soil bacterial diversity by multiple KSWE applications under duress. The abundance of Steroidobacter, Balneimonas, Rubrobacter, Bacillus, Alicyclobacillus, Anaerolinea and Nitrospira genera decreased (49-79%) in drought imposed at V5,10, and 15 stages of maize over the irrigated control, while it significantly improved when followed by KSWE application under drought. Nitrosomonas, Nitrosovibrio, Rubrobacter, Flavobacterium genera and several other taxa which are important for plant growth promotion and nutrient cycling were found to be enriched by KSWE application under drought. Treatments having enriched microbial abundance due to KSWE application under stress recorded higher soil enzymatic activities and cob yield, suggesting the contribution of altered soil ecology mediated by KSWE as one of the reasons for yield improvement.

scholarly journals Water Transfer in a Papaya/Corn Split-root Culture System

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 476C-476
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Marler ◽  
Haluk M. Discekici
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Culture System ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Root Culture ◽  
Root Competition ◽  
Split Root ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Corn Plants ◽  
Root Connection

`Honey Jean #3' sweet corn was planted in one-half of a split-root culture system containing `Tainung 1' or `Known You 1' papaya seedlings to determine if papaya roots could transfer water to the corn seedlings. After the corn seedlings were established, water was withheld from both compartments (2/2) or only the compartment containing the corn seedlings (1/2). Control plants were grown with both halves well-watered. Pre-dawn relative water content (RWC) of corn leaves was measured as an indicator of drought stress. Following 11 days, root competition was relieved in half of the 1/2 plants by cutting the papaya root connection between the half with corn from the rest of the papaya culture system. RWC of 1/2 corn plants was maintained above that of 2/2 plants, but below that of control plants. After relieving root competition, the 1/2 plants in competition with papaya roots maintained higher RWC than the 1/2 plants relieved of competition. Leaf tissue of all corn plants except the control plants was necrotic by 30 days. The results indicate that development of drought stress in corn using this culture system was retarded by watering a portion of the papaya roots not associated with the corn roots. Drought stress was accelerated by relief of competition with papaya, which is evidence that water was being supplied by the papaya roots within the papaya/corn system.

scholarly journals Transcriptional Analysis of Microcystis aeruginosa Co-Cultured with Algicidal Bacteria Brevibacillus laterosporus

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8615
Author(s):  
Yulei Zhang ◽  
Dong Chen ◽  
Ning Zhang ◽  
Feng Li ◽  
Xiaoxia Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microcystis Aeruginosa ◽  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Transcriptional Analysis ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Algicidal Bacteria ◽  
Brevibacillus Laterosporus ◽  
Expression Of Genes

Harmful algal blooms caused huge ecological damage and economic losses around the world. Controlling algal blooms by algicidal bacteria is expected to be an effective biological control method. The current study investigated the molecular mechanism of harmful cyanobacteria disrupted by algicidal bacteria. Microcystis aeruginosa was co-cultured with Brevibacillus laterosporus Bl-zj, and RNA-seq based transcriptomic analysis was performed compared to M. aeruginosa, which was cultivated separately. A total of 1706 differentially expressed genes were identified, which were mainly involved in carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism and amino acid metabolism. In the co-cultured group, the expression of genes mainly enriched in photosynthesis and oxidative phosphorylation were significantly inhibited. However, the expression of the genes related to fatty acid synthesis increased. In addition, the expression of the antioxidant enzymes, such as 2-Cys peroxiredoxin, was increased. These results suggested that B. laterosporus could block the electron transport by attacking the PSI system and complex I of M. aeruginosa, affecting the energy acquisition and causing oxidative damage. This further led to the lipid peroxidation of the microalgal cell membrane, resulting in algal death. The transcriptional analysis of algicidal bacteria in the interaction process can be combined to explain the algicidal mechanism in the future.

scholarly journals Generation of guard cell RNA-seq transcriptomes during progressive drought and recovery using an adapted INTACT protocol for Arabidopsis thaliana shoot tissue

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna van Weringh ◽  
Asher Pasha ◽  
Eddi Esteban ◽  
Paul J. Gamueda ◽  
Nicholas J. Provart
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Guard Cell ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Rna Seq

Drought is an important environmental stress that limits crop production. Guard cells (GC) act to control the rate of water loss. To better understand how GCs change their gene expression during a progressive drought we generated guard cell-specific RNA-seq transcriptomes during mild, moderate, and severe drought stress. We additionally sampled re-watered plants that had experienced severe drought stress. These transcriptomes were generated using the INTACT system to capture the RNA from GC nuclei. We optimized the INTACT protocol for Arabidopsis thaliana leaf tissue, incorporating fixation to preserve RNA during nuclear isolation. To be able to identify gene expression changes unique to GCs, we additionally generated transcriptomes from all cell types, using a 35S viral promoter to capture the nuclei of all cell types in leaves. These data sets highlight shared and unique gene expression changes between GCs and the bulk leaf tissue. The timing of gene expression changes is different between GCs and other cell types: we found that only GCs had detectable gene expression changes at the earliest drought time point. The drought responsive GC and leaf RNA-seq transcriptomes are available in the Arabidopsis ePlant at the Bio-Analytic Resource for Plant Biology website.

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