scholarly journals Visualization of Airborne Particles as a Risk for Microbial Contamination in Orthopedic Surgery

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hironobu Koseki ◽  
Shinya Sunagawa ◽  
Chieko Imai ◽  
Akihiko Yonekura ◽  
Umi Matsumura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Airborne Particles ◽  
Pelvic Bone ◽  
Visualization System ◽  
Occupational Infection ◽  
Particle Counts ◽  
Laminar Air Flow ◽  
Particle Visualization

Background: The operating theater is recognized to involve a high frequency of occupational blood and body fluid contacts.Objectives: This study aimed to visualize the production of blood and body fluid airborne particles by surgical procedures and to investigate risks of microbial contamination of the conjunctival membranes of surgical staff during orthopedic operations.Methods: Two physicians simulated total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and total hip arthroplasty (THA) in a bio-clean theater using model bones. The generation and behaviors of airborne particles were filmed using a fine particle visualization system, and numbers of airborne particles per 2.83 L of air were counted at the height of the operating and instrument tables. Each action was repeated five times, and particle counts were evaluated statistically.Results: Numerous airborne particles were dispersed to higher and wider areas while “cutting bones in TKA” and “striking and driving the cup component on the pelvic bone in THA” compared to other surgical procedures. The highest particle counts were detected while “cutting bones in TKA” under unidirectional laminar air flow.Discussion: These results provide a clearer image of the dispersion and distribution of airborne particles and identified higher-risk surgical procedures for microbial contamination of the conjunctival membranes. Surgical staff including surgeons, nurses, anesthesiologists, and visitors, should pay attention to and take measures against occupational infection particularly in high-risk surgical situations.

RESEARCH: Dry Heat Processing of Single-Use Respirators and Surgical Masks

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 410-416
Author(s):  
Joyce M. Hansen ◽  
Scott Weiss ◽  
Terra A. Kremer ◽  
Myrelis Aguilar ◽  
Gerald McDonnell
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Airborne Particles ◽  
Heat Processing ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Dry Heat ◽  
Surgical Masks ◽  
Single Use

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, has challenged healthcare providers in maintaining the supply of critical personal protective equipment, including single-use respirators and surgical masks. Single-use respirators and surgical masks can reduce risks from the inhalation of airborne particles and microbial contamination. The recent high-volume demand for single-use respirators and surgical masks has resulted in many healthcare facilities considering processing to address critical shortages. The dry heat process of 80°C (176°F) for two hours (120 min) has been confirmed to be an appropriate method for single-use respirator and surgical mask processing.

Successful Simulation of Airflow in the Microenvironment of an Assembly Automation Machine and its Implication

2014 ◽  
Vol 931-932 ◽  
pp. 1063-1067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jatuporn Thongsri ◽  
Adisorn Khaokom
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Hard Disk Drive ◽  
Disk Drive ◽  
Airborne Particles ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
The Real ◽  
Clean Environment ◽  
Assembly Automation ◽  
Filter Unit ◽  
Particle Counts

Today, the hard disk drive (HDD) industry is using assembly automation machine (AAM) to construct head stack assembly (HSA) from smaller parts. AAM needs to operate in a clean environment with very low particle counts. To achieve this end, fan filter Unit (FFU) is used to supply purified air into the environment by filtering out airborne particles from recirculating air. In this study, we investigated numerically the airflow induced by FFUs inside a microenvironment that houses an AAM in an HDD factory. The boundary conditions chosen for simulation were directly derived from the real ambient conditions in this HDD factory. We found that the FFUs not only filter out airborne particles from the air supplied into the microenvironment but also act as a particle blocker, pushing away the nearby particles in the air surrounding the openings of the microenvironment. The findings from this study can be applied to cases where other kinds of machinery need to be protected from airborne particles.

scholarly journals Dissolution of Amorphous S53P4 Glass Scaffolds in Dynamic In Vitro Conditions

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 4834
Author(s):  
Laura Aalto-Setälä ◽  
Peter Uppstu ◽  
Polina Sinitsyna ◽  
Nina C. Lindfors ◽  
Leena Hupa
Keyword(s):  
Phase Composition ◽  
Simulated Body Fluid ◽  
Bioactive Glass ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Glass Composition ◽  
Ion Release ◽  
High Tendency

The silicate-based bioactive glass S53P4 is clinically used in bone regenerative applications in granule form. However, utilization of the glass in scaffold form has been limited by the high tendency of the glass to crystallize during sintering. Here, careful optimization of sintering parameters enabled the manufacture of porous amorphous S53P4 scaffolds with a strength high enough for surgical procedures in bone applications (5 MPa). Sintering was conducted in a laboratory furnace for times ranging from 25 to 300 min at 630 °C, i.e., narrowly below the commencement of the crystallization. The phase composition of the scaffolds was verified with XRD, and the ion release was tested in vitro and compared with granules in continuous flow of Tris buffer and simulated body fluid (SBF). The amorphous, porous S53P4 scaffolds present the possibility of using the glass composition in a wider range of applications.

Controlling airborne particles during surgical procedures using a novel device

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. S6 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Walsh ◽  
Rema Oliver ◽  
Gareth Davies ◽  
Nathaniel Bradford
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Airborne Particles ◽  
Novel Device

scholarly journals Unusual Case of Pelvic Osteomyelitis Revealing Osteoporosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A230-A231
Author(s):  
Iqra N Farooqi ◽  
Anupa Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Septic Arthritis ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Bone Biopsy ◽  
Pubic Symphysis ◽  
Pelvic Bone ◽  
Insufficiency Fractures ◽  
Pubic Ramus

Abstract Pelvic osteomyelitis is an uncommon and challenging condition to treat. Pressure ulcers, spinal injuries, contiguous sources of tracking infections, pelvic surgical procedures, traumatic injuries and open fractures all serve as nidi for developing pelvic osteomyelitis. We present a case of pelvic osteomyelitis suspected to be caused by insufficiency fractures due to osteoporosis in an anorexic adult.51 year old postmenopausal Caucasian female with undiagnosed anorexia presented to the hospital for severe right-sided pelvic pain and nausea. She denied fevers, vomiting, trauma, surgical procedures, history of pelvic infections, abnormal vaginal discharge, travel, prolonged steroid therapy. She disclosed a strict vegetarian diet, excessive daily exercise, low dairy intake and over 100lb intentional weight loss over the past 30 years. She reported normal menses, used oral contraceptives between ages of 25 to 30, and reached menopause at 49 years. For many years, she denied medical care including age-appropriate cancer screenings. She is employed in academia and denies tobacco, alcohol or drug use. On admission, height 153cm and weight 43kg, BMI 16.7kg/m2. Examination was notable for frail body habitus, moderate RLQ and pelvic tenderness, prominent PSIS and SI joints with decreased RLE range of motion. Laboratory results showed calcium 9.5mg/dL (n 8.6–10.4), phosphorus 4.1mg/dL (2.5–4.5), ALP 181IU/L (45–115), PTH 23pg/dL (n 9–76), Vitamin D 35ng/dL (n 25–80), 24-hour urinary calcium 285mg/24h (n 50–400). Abdominopelvic CT scan showed chronic right pubic ramus and bilateral sacral insufficiency fractures confirmed on MRI with septic arthritis of the pubic symphysis, osteomyelitis of pubic bodies and intramuscular abscess extending to the right adductor muscle. Wound culture was positive for Streptococcus viridans and pelvic bone biopsy showed degenerative changes. The patient completed IV Ceftriaxone therapy and underwent DXA scan confirming osteoporosis (T-scores:-3.8 lumbar spine L1-L4, -3.6 left femoral neck, -3.3 right femoral neck). Alendronate 10mg daily and calcium citrate-vitamin D 1000mg-800IU twice daily was prescribed. Diagnostic workup for secondary causes of severe osteoporosis was unremarkable except for hypercalciuria, for which calcium supplement was held with a plan to repeat in the future. Concern for her cachectic appearance and severity of her illness also elicited a dietician referral. Pelvic osteomyelitis and septic arthritis are seldom found without inciting insults. We report an atypical cause of presumed anorexia induced osteoporosis resulting in pelvic osteomyelitis. Untreated osteoporosis may lead to fracture, resulting in inflammation and predisposing patients to infections. Thus, early recognition and evaluation of osteoporosis in patients at high risk for fracture, such as patients with anorexia, is critical for prevention.

scholarly journals Blood and Body Fluid Splashes During Surgery – The Need for Eye Protection and Masks

2007 ◽  
Vol 89 (8) ◽  
pp. 770-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
CG Davies ◽  
MN Khan ◽  
ASK Ghauri ◽  
CJ Ranaboldo
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
Needlestick Injury ◽  
Vascular Surgical Procedures ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Before And After ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Very High ◽  
Protective Mask

INTRODUCTION While most surgeons make an effort to avoid needlestick injury, some can pay little attention to reduce the potential route of infection occurring when body fluids splash into the eye. It has been shown that transmission of HIV, hepatitis B or C can occur across any mucous membrane. This study aims to quantify how frequently body fluids splash the mask and lens of wrap around protective glasses thus potentially exposing the surgeon to infection. PATIENTS AND METHODS A prospective study was carried out by a single surgeon on all cases performed over a 1-year period. Protective mask and glasses were examined before and after operations. RESULTS A total of 384 operations were performed with 174 (45%) showing blood or body fluid splash on the lens. A high incidence of splashes was found in vascular surgical procedures (79%). All amputations showed splash on the protective lens. Interestingly, 50% of laparoscopic cases resulted in blood or body fluid splash on the protective lens. CONCLUSIONS This study has shown a high incidence (45%) of blood and body fluid splashes found on protective glasses and masks. There was a very high incidence (79%) during vascular surgical procedures. With the prevalence of HIV and hepatitis increasing, it seems prudent to protect oneself against possible routes of transmission.

Utility of nonsurgical diagnostic specimens in cellular differentiation and molecular profiling (EGFR mutation and EML4-ALK detection) of NSCLC.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e18061-e18061
Author(s):  
Victor Cohen ◽  
Amanda Levitt ◽  
Goulnar Kasymjanova ◽  
Jason Scott Agulnik ◽  
Amr Al Banna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Cellular Differentiation ◽  
Egfr Mutation ◽  
Mutational Analysis ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Egfr Mutations ◽  
Histologic Diagnosis ◽  
Mutation Status

e18061 Background: The utility of different non-surgical specimens for the accurate determination of cellular and molecular attributes in NSCLC has yet to be established. The primary objective of this study was to determine and compare the yield of non-surgical specimens for the accurate cellular differentiation of NSCLC and analysis of EGFR and EML4-ALK mutations. Methods: Patients with a histologic diagnosis of NSCLC from January 2004 to September 2010 were included. Diagnosis was based on cytological characteristics and IHC analysis. Fragment analysis and real-time PCR methods were used for EGFR mutation detection. EML4-ALK rearrangements were detected by FISH. Diagnostic specimens were divided into pathology specimens (PS) and cytology specimens (CS). PS included surgical and non-surgical biopsies. CS included FNA (TBNA and TTNA) and body fluid samples. These groups were compared using χ2 analyses. Yield of histologic analysis was compared in a subgroup of patients who underwent both surgical and non-surgical procedures. Results: 715 patients were included in the study. The yield of CS when compared to PS was lower for cellular differentiation (76% vs. 91%, p <0.0001) and IHC (70% vs. 89%, p <0.0001). Among the CS, TTNA provided better yield than TBNA for cellular differentiation (89% vs. 67%, p < 0.0001) and IHC (85% vs. 72%, p = 0.023). 94 patients underwent both surgical and non-surgical procedures. As compared to surgical biopsies, the yield of non-surgical procedures for cellular classification was 81% in body fluid samples, 68% in FNA, and 88% in non-surgical biopsies. 320 patients were tested for both EGFR and EML4-ALK mutations. The yield of CS versus PS was lower for EGFR mutation status (74% vs. 93% p < 0.0001). Among the CS, TTNA provided better yield than TBNA for EGFR mutation analysis (90% vs. 70%, p = 0.045) and body fluid samples were least likely (59%) to provide EGFR mutation status. Three EML4-ALK FISH-positive cases were identified. All samples were PS. All EML4-ALK positive cases tested negative for EGFR mutations. Conclusions: Non-surgical lung biopsy specimens can yield sufficient samples for histologic assignment and mutational analysis.

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