scholarly journals Immune Responses and Efficacy of Brucella Abortus Strain RB51 in Bison After Delivery in a Dry Dart Formulation or by Parenteral Inoculation

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven C. Olsen ◽  
Paola M. Boggiatto ◽  
Pauline Nol ◽  
Matthew P. McCollum ◽  
Jack C. Rhyan
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Booster Vaccination ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Parenteral Delivery ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Humoral Responses ◽  
Cellular Immune

Bison (Bison bison) heifer calves (n = 32) were randomly assigned to control or vaccination with 1010 colony-forming units of Brucella abortus strain RB51 (RB51) vaccine by single or boostered parenteral delivery, or by surgical implantation of a dry dart formulation (n = 8/trt). Serum and/or peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were obtained at 0, 4, 8, 13, 16, 21, and 24 wks after initial vaccination and at 0, 4, 8, 12, 15, 22, and 27 wks after booster vaccination to characterize humoral and cellular immune responses to RB51. Bison in both RB51 vaccination treatments demonstrated greater (P < 0.0001) serum humoral responses when compared to non-vaccinates, with parenteral vaccinates demonstrating greater (P < 0.01) responses when compared to mean responses of bison inoculated with the dry dart. Only the booster vaccinated treatment demonstrated greater (P < 0.0001) humoral responses than control bison in samples collected after re-inoculation. At 4, 8, 12, 16, and 24 wks after initial vaccination, PBMC from parenteral RB51 vaccinates demonstrated greater proliferative responses to RB51 when compared to responses of control animals. In comparison, bison inoculated with the RB51 dry dart did not demonstrate greater (P > 0.05) proliferative responses when compared to responses of non-vaccinates. Bison were pasture bred and pregnant animals experimentally challenged in mid-gestation with 107 CFU of B. abortus strain 2,308. Bison in parenteral vaccination treatments had reduced (P < 0.05) abortions and infection in uterine and fetal samples as compared to non-vaccinated bison, with booster vaccinates tending to have the lowest colonization (CFU/gm) in tissues. In comparison, the dry dart formulation did reduce abortion (P < 0.05) but not infection (P > 0.05) in most tissues when compared to non-vaccinated bison. The results of this study reaffirm the efficacy of boostered parenteral vaccination of bison with RB51 in preventing brucellosis. Our data also suggests that the novel dry dart RB51 formulation does not induce sufficient efficacy in bison after a single inoculation.

scholarly journals Cytokine Profiles and Cell Proliferation Responses to Truncated ORF2 Protein in Iranian Patients Recovered from Hepatitis E Infection

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Taherkhani ◽  
Fatemeh Farshadpour ◽  
Manoochehr Makvandi ◽  
Hamid Rajabi Memari ◽  
Ali Reza Samarbafzadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Orf2 Protein ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Iranian Patients

Background.The aim of this study was to evaluatehepatitis E virus(HEV) specific cellular immune responses to truncated ORF2 protein in Iranian patients recovered from HEV infection. Information about HEV-specific immune responses could be useful in finding an effective way for development of HEV vaccine.Methods.A truncated form of HEV ORF2 protein containing amino acids 112-608 was used to stimulate peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) separated from HEV-recovered and control groups. Finally, the levels of four cytokines, IFN-γELISPOT, and cell proliferative responses following stimulation with the truncated ORF2 protein were assessed in the both groups.Results.The truncated ORF2 protein was able to induce IFN-γELISPOT and cell proliferation responses and to produce significant amounts of IFN-γand IL-12 cytokines, but low amounts of IL-10 and IL-4 cytokinesin vitro. These responses were significantly higher in the recovered group compared to the control group. These results indicate the antigenic nature of the truncated ORF2 protein and production of T helper type 1 cytokines.Conclusion.The truncated ORF2 protein can effectively induce significant cellular immune responsesand can be introduced as a potential vaccine candidate. However, further studies are required to evaluate this proteinin vivo.

scholarly journals Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses to Trypanosoma cruzi-Derived Paraflagellar Rod Proteins in Patients with Chagas' Disease

2003 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 3165-3171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Michailowsky ◽  
Keith Luhrs ◽  
Manoel Otávio C. Rocha ◽  
David Fouts ◽  
Ricardo T. Gazzinelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Cellular Responses ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Cellular Immune

ABSTRACT Sera and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients displaying different clinical symptoms as well as from normal uninfected individuals (NI) were used to evaluate the humoral and cellular responses of Chagas' disease patients to Trypanosoma cruzi-derived paraflagellar rod proteins (PFR). Our results show that sera from both asymptomatic Chagas' disease patients (ACP) and cardiac Chagas' disease patients (CCP) have higher levels of antibodies to PFR than sera from NI. Immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) and IgG3 were the main Ig isotypes that recognized PFR. We also tested three recombinant forms of PFR, named rPAR-1, rPAR-2, and rPAR-3, by Western blot analysis. Sera from seven out of eight patients with Chagas' disease recognized one of the three rPAR forms. Sera from 75, 50, and 37.5% of Chagas' disease patients tested recognized rPAR-3, rPAR-2, and rPAR-1, respectively. PFR induced proliferation of 100 and 70% of PBMC from ACP and CCP, respectively. Further, stimulation of cells from Chagas' disease patients with PFR enhanced the frequencies of both small and large CD4+ CD25+ and CD4+ CD69+ lymphocytes, as well as that of small CD8+ CD25+ lymphocytes. Finally, we evaluated the ability of PFR to elicit the production of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) by PBMC from patients with Chagas' disease. Fifty percent of the PBMC from ACP as well as CCP produced IFN-γ upon stimulation with PFR. PFR enhanced the percentages of IFN-γ-producing cells in both CD3+ and CD3− populations. Within the T-cell population, large CD4+ T lymphocytes were the main source of IFN-γ.

scholarly journals Immune Responses of Elk to Initial and Booster Vaccinations with Brucella abortus Strain RB51 or 19

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1098-1103 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Olsen ◽  
S. J. Fach ◽  
M. V. Palmer ◽  
R. E. Sacco ◽  
W. C. Stoffregen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Booster Vaccination ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Flow Cytometric ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT Previous studies have suggested that currently available brucellosis vaccines induce poor or no protection in elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni). In this study, we characterized the immunologic responses of elk after initial or booster vaccination with Brucella abortus strains RB51 (SRB51) and 19 (S19). Elk were vaccinated with saline or 1010 CFU of SRB51 or S19 (n = seven animals/treatment) and booster vaccinated with a similar dosage of the autologous vaccine at 65 weeks. Compared to nonvaccinates, elk vaccinated with SRB51 or S19 had greater (P < 0.05) antibody responses to SRB51 or S19 after initial vaccination and after booster vaccination. Compared to nonvaccinated elk, greater (P < 0.05) proliferative responses to autologous antigen after initial vaccination occurred at only a few sample times in SRB51 (6, 14, and 22 weeks) and S19 (22 weeks) treatment groups. In general, proliferative responses of vaccinates to nonautologous antigens did not differ (P > 0.05) from the responses of nonvaccinated elk. Gamma interferon production in response to autologous or nonautologous Brucella antigens did not differ (P > 0.05) between controls and vaccinates after booster vaccination. Flow cytometric techniques suggested that proliferation occurred more frequently in immunoglobulin M-positive cells, with differences between vaccination and control treatments in CD4+ and CD8+ subset proliferation detected only at 22 weeks after initial vaccination. After booster vaccination, one technique ([3H]thymidine incorporation) suggested that proliferative responses to SRB51 antigen, but not S19 antigen, were greater (P < 0.05) in vaccinates compared to the responses of nonvaccinates. However, in general, flow cytometric and other techniques failed to detect significant anamnestic responses to autologous or nonautologous Brucella antigens in S19 or SRB51 vaccinates after booster vaccination. Although some cellular immune responses were detected after initial or booster vaccination of elk with SRB51 or S19, our data suggest that responses tend to be transient and much less robust than previously reported in SRB51-vaccinated cattle (Bos taurus) or bison (Bison bison). These data may explain why the vaccination of elk with S19 and SRB51 induces poor protection against brucellosis.

Hepatitis C virus-specific cellular immune responses in sustained virological responders with viral persistence in peripheral blood mononuclear cells

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. e80-e88 ◽  
Author(s):  
María C. Roque-Cuéllar ◽  
Berta Sánchez ◽  
José R. García-Lozano ◽  
Juan M. Praena-Fernández ◽  
José L. Márquez-Galán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Viral Persistence ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Cellular Immune

scholarly journals Scrub Typhus Vaccine Candidate Kp r56 Induces Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses in Cynomolgus Monkeys

2005 ◽  
Vol 73 (8) ◽  
pp. 5039-5047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suchismita Chattopadhyay ◽  
Ju Jiang ◽  
Teik-Chye Chan ◽  
T. Scott Manetz ◽  
Chien-Chung Chao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Vaccine Candidate ◽  
Scrub Typhus ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Primate Model ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Cynomolgus Monkeys ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Cellular Immune

ABSTRACT A truncated recombinant 56-kDa outer membrane protein of the Karp strain of Orientia tsutsugamushi (Kp r56) was evaluated in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) for immunogenicity and safety as a vaccine candidate for the prevention of scrub typhus. This recombinant antigen induced strong humoral and cellular immune responses in two monkeys and was found to be well tolerated. Antigen-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG were produced to almost maximal levels within 1 week of a single immunization. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from vaccinated animals showed an induction of antigen-specific proliferation and gamma interferon production. The Kp r56 was not as efficient as infection with live organisms in preventing reinfection but was able to reduce the inflammation produced at the site of challenge. This report describes the results of the first systematic study of the immunogenicity of a recombinant scrub typhus vaccine candidate in a nonhuman primate model.

scholarly journals Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses to Yersinia pestis Infection in Long-Term Recovered Plague Patients

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bei Li ◽  
Chunhong Du ◽  
Lei Zhou ◽  
Yujing Bi ◽  
Xiaoyi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Yersinia Pestis ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cellular Immune

ABSTRACTPlague is one of the most dangerous diseases and is caused byYersinia pestis. Effective vaccine development requires understanding of immune protective mechanisms against the bacterium in humans. In this study, the humoral and memory cellular immune responses in plague patients (n= 65) recovered fromY. pestisinfection during the past 16 years were investigated using a protein microarray and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay (ELISpot). The seroprevalence to the F1 antigen in all recovered patients is 78.5%. In patients infected more than a decade ago, the antibody-positive rate still remains 69.5%. There is no difference in the antibody presence between gender, age, and infected years, but it seems to be associated with the F1 antibody titers during infection (r= 0.821;P< 0.05). Except F1 antibody, the antibodies against LcrV and YopD were detected in most of the patients, suggesting they could be the potential diagnostic markers for detecting the infection of F1-negative strains. Regarding cellular immunity, the cell number producing gamma interferon (IFN-γ), stimulated by F1 and LcrV, respectively,in vitroto the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 7 plague patients and 4 negative controls, showed no significant difference, indicating F1 and LcrV are not dominant T cell antigens against plague for a longer time in humans. Our findings have direct implications for the future design and development of effective vaccines againstY. pestisinfection and the development of new target-based diagnostics.

scholarly journals Immune Responses and Safety after Dart or Booster Vaccination of Bison with Brucella abortus Strain RB51

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 642-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Olsen ◽  
C. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Booster Vaccination ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fetal Infection ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Induce Abortion ◽  
Experimental Challenge

ABSTRACTOne alternative for management of brucellosis in Yellowstone National Park bison (Bison bison) is vaccination of calves and yearlings. AlthoughBrucella abortusstrain RB51 vaccination protects bison against experimental challenge, the effect of booster vaccinations was unknown. This study characterized immunologic responses after dart or booster vaccination of bison withBrucella abortusstrain RB51. In two studies, 8- to 10-month-old female bison were inoculated with saline (n= 14), hand vaccinated with 1.1 × 1010to 2.0 × 1010CFU of RB51 (n= 21), or dart vaccinated with 1.8 × 1010CFU of RB51 (n= 7). A subgroup of hand vaccinates in study 1 was randomly selected for booster vaccination 15 months later with 2.2 × 1010CFU of RB51. Compared to single vaccinates, booster-vaccinated bison had greater serologic responses to RB51. However, there was a trend for antigen-specific proliferative responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from booster vaccinates to be reduced compared to responses of PBMC from single vaccinates. PBMC from booster vaccinates tended to have greater gamma interferon (IFN-γ) production than those from single vaccinates. In general, dart vaccination with RB51 induced immunologic responses similar to those of hand vaccination. All vaccinates (single hand, dart, or booster) demonstrated greater (P< 0.05) immunologic responses at various times after vaccination than nonvaccinated bison. Booster vaccination with RB51 in early gestation did not induce abortion or fetal infection. Our data suggest that booster vaccination does not induce strong anamnestic responses. However, phenotypic data on resistance to experimental challenge are required to fully assess the effect of booster vaccination on protective immunity.

scholarly journals Human T-Cell Responses to the Glucosyltransferases of Streptococcus mutans

2001 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 441-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-San Chia ◽  
Chiou-Mien You ◽  
Chung-Yi Hu ◽  
Bor-Luen Chiang ◽  
Jen-Yang Chen
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
T Cell Response ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Human T Cell ◽  
Humoral Responses ◽  
Cellular Immune

ABSTRACT We previously reported differential humoral responses to glucosyltransferases (GTFs), with significantly higher saliva and serum antibody levels to GtfD than to GtfB or GtfC. To test the hypothesis that cellular immune responses to these molecules also may differ, peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) and T-cell proliferative responses in young adults and children with distinct genetic backgrounds were determined using purified recombinant GtfC and GtfD. PBMCs from all of the volunteers responded to GtfC and -D, but responses were directed predominantly towards GtfD and were major histocompatibility class II antigen dependent. A predominant T-cell response to GtfD, over GtfC, was detectable at various antigen concentrations ranging from 1 to 20 μg/ml and correlated with the differential serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and salivary IgA antibody responses to the GTFs. Therefore, in naturally sensitized humans,Streptococcus mutans GTFs stimulate differential humoral and cellular immune responses, with the secreted form of GtfD eliciting a stronger response than the cell wall-associated form of GtfC.

scholarly journals Immune Responses of Bison and Efficacy after Booster Vaccination with Brucella abortus Strain RB51

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 440-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Olsen ◽  
J. L. McGill ◽  
R. E. Sacco ◽  
S. G. Hennager
Keyword(s):  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Vaccination Strategy ◽  
Booster Vaccination ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Single Vaccination ◽  
Ifn Γ

ABSTRACTThirty-one bison heifers were randomly assigned to receive saline or a single vaccination with 1010CFU ofBrucella abortusstrain RB51. Some vaccinated bison were randomly selected for booster vaccination with RB51 at 11 months after the initial vaccination. Mean antibody responses to RB51 were greater (P< 0.05) in vaccinated bison after initial and booster vaccination than in nonvaccinated bison. The proliferative responses by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from the vaccinated bison were greater (P< 0.05) than those in the nonvaccinated bison at 16 and 24 weeks after the initial vaccination but not after the booster vaccination. The relative gene expression of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) was increased (P< 0.05) in the RB51-vaccinated bison at 8, 16, and 24 weeks after the initial vaccination and at 8 weeks after the booster vaccination. The vaccinated bison had greater (P< 0.05)in vitroproduction of IFN-γ at all sampling times, greater interleukin-1β (IL-1β) production in various samplings after the initial and booster vaccinations, and greater IL-6 production at one sampling time after the booster vaccination. Between 170 and 180 days of gestation, the bison were intraconjunctivally challenged with approximately 1 × 107CFU ofB. abortusstrain 2308. The incidences of abortion and infection were greater (P< 0.05) in the nonvaccinated bison after experimental challenge than in the bison receiving either vaccination treatment. Booster-vaccinated, but not single-vaccinated bison, had a reduced (P< 0.05) incidence of infection in fetal tissues and maternal tissues compared to that in the controls. Compared to the nonvaccinated bison, both vaccination treatments lowered the colonization (measured as the CFU/g of tissue) ofBrucellaorganisms in all tissues, except in retropharyngeal and supramammary lymph nodes. Our study suggests that RB51 booster vaccination is an effective vaccination strategy for enhancing herd immunity against brucellosis in bison.

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