scholarly journals Resveratrol Ameliorates Intestinal Damage Challenged With Deoxynivalenol Through Mitophagy in vitro and in vivo

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujian Huang ◽  
Changbing Zheng ◽  
Bo Song ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Hao Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Intestinal Damage ◽  
Intestinal Function ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Weaning Piglets

Deoxynivalenol (DON) reduces growth performance and damage intestinal function, and resveratrol (RES) has positive effects on growth performance and intestinal function. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective mechanism of RES in vitro and vivo challenged with DON. The results showed that dietary supplementation with DON significantly increase the mRNA expression levels of mitophagy- related genes, and protein level for PINK1, Parkin, Beclin-1, Lamp, Atg5, Map1lc, Bnip3, Fundc1, Bcl2l1 and SQSTMS1 (P < 0.05), while supplementation with both RES and DON decreased those indexes in the ileum. Besides DON significantly decreased protein level for Pyruvate Dehydrogenase, Cytochrome c, MFN1, OPA1, and PHB1 (P < 0.05), while supplementation with both RES and DON increased protein level for PHB1, SDHA, and VDAC in the ileum. Moreover, in vitro, we found that DON significantly decreased mitochondrial respiration (P < 0.05), while RES + DON increased the rate of spare respiratory capacity. Also, DON significantly decreased total NAD and ATP (P < 0.05), while RES + DON increased the total NAD and ATP. These results indicate that RES may ameliorates the intestinal damage challenged with deoxynivalenol through mitophagy in weaning piglets.

In vivo and in vitro effects of vortioxetine on molecules associated with neuroplasticity

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pirathiv Kugathasan ◽  
Jessica Waller ◽  
Ligia Westrich ◽  
Aicha Abdourahman ◽  
Joseph A Tamm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Level ◽  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Transcript Level ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Α Subunit ◽  
Aged Mice ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Brain Functions

Neuroplasticity is fundamental for brain functions, abnormal changes of which are associated with mood disorders and cognitive impairment. Neuroplasticity can be affected by neuroactive medications and by aging. Vortioxetine, a multimodal antidepressant, has shown positive effects on cognitive functions in both pre-clinical and clinical studies. In rodent studies, vortioxetine increases glutamate neurotransmission, promotes dendritic branching and spine maturation, and elevates hippocampal expression of the activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc/Arg3.1) at the transcript level. The present study aims to assess the effects of vortioxetine on several neuroplasticity-related molecules in different experimental systems. Chronic (1 month) vortioxetine increased Arc/Arg3.1 protein levels in the cortical synaptosomes of young and middle-aged mice. In young mice, this was accompanied by an increase in actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilin serine 3 phosphorylation without altering the total ADF/cofilin protein level, and an increase in the GluA1 subunit of the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor phosphorylation at serine 845 (S845) without altering serine 831 (S831) GluA1 phosphorylation nor the total GluA1 protein level. Similar effects were detected in cultured rat hippocampal neurons: Acute vortioxetine increased S845 GluA1 phosphorylation without changing S831 GluA1 phosphorylation or the total GluA1 protein level. These changes were accompanied by an increase in α subunit of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase (CaMKIIα) phosphorylation (at threonine 286) without changing the total CaMKIIα protein level in cultured neurons. In addition, chronic (1 month) vortioxetine, but not fluoxetine, restored the age-associated reduction in Arc/Arg3.1 and c-Fos transcripts in the frontal cortex of middle-aged mice. Taken together, these results demonstrated that vortioxetine modulates molecular targets that are related to neuroplasticity.

scholarly journals Selenide Chitosan Sulfate Improved The Hepatocyte Activity, Growth Performance, and Anti-Oxidation Ability by Activating The Thioredoxin Reductase of Chickens In Vitro and In Vivo

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lele Hou ◽  
Huiling Qiu ◽  
Lianqin Zhu ◽  
Yufeng Huang ◽  
Shansong Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Thioredoxin Reductase ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Thioredoxin Reductase 1 ◽  
Specific Pathogen

Abstract Background: There are very few studies on the synergy effects of biological antioxidant activity on selenium (Se) and sulfate. This study evaluated the effect of selenide chitosan sulfate (LS-COS-Se) on the hepatocytes activity, growth performance, and anti-oxidation ability by activating the thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) system of specific pathogen free (SPF) chickens in vitro and in vivo. Methods: The hepatocytes were obtained in vitro and a total of 240 SPF White Leghorns chickens (7 days of age and body weight of 45.0 ± 2.0 g) were collected in vivo. The hepatocytes and chickens were randomly allocated into six treatment groups: control group; chitosan (COS) group; sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) group; selenide chitosan (COS-Se) group; chitosan sulfate (LS-COS) group; LS-COS-Se group. After 24 h, the culture medium and hepatocytes were collected and preserved respectively for analyzing the metabolic activity of hepatocytes. Gowth performance was evaluated and chickens were euthanized to obtain plasma and liver tissue to measure antioxidant associated parameter on days 14 and 28. Results: The experiment in vitro showed that the activities of TrxR, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) in culture medium and the levels of thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR-1) and thioredoxin reductase 3 (TrxR-3) mRNA in hepatocytes in LS-COS-Se group were significantly higher (P < 0.05), but the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) significantly decreased (P < 0.05) than those in control, COS and LS-COS groups. Compared with Na2SeO3 and COS-Se groups, the levels of TrxR-1 and TrxR-3 mRNA in hepatocytes and the activity of SOD in culture medium significantly increased in LS-COS-Se group (P < 0.05). The experiment in vivo showed that the baby weight on 14d and 28d, the activities of TrxR, SOD and anti-superoxide anion radical (AntiO2-) in plasma and the levels of TrxR-1 and TrxR-3 mRNA in liver of dietary supplementation with LS-COS-Se were significantly higher than those in control, COS and LS-COS groups (P < 0.05). The activities of TrxR and SOD in plasma of dietary supplementation with LS-COS-Se were significantly higher than those of Na2SeO3 group and COS-Se group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: LS-COS-Se as potential antioxidant improved the hepatocytes activity, growth performance, and anti-oxidation ability by activating the TrxR system of SPF chickens in vitro and in vivo. The better biological activity of LS-COS-Se was mainly due to the synergistic effect of Se and sulfate on TrxR system.

scholarly journals Effects of Probiotics on Growth, Survival, Water Quality and Disease Resistance of Red Hybrid Tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) Fingerlings in a Biofloc System

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3514
Author(s):  
Aimi Zabidi ◽  
Fatimah Md Yusoff ◽  
S. M. Nurul Amin ◽  
Nur Jasmin Mohd Yaminudin ◽  
Puvaneswari Puvanasundram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Commercial Probiotics

Biofloc technology has shown positive effects in aquaculture, especially on the growth performance of cultured animals. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of adding different probiotic strains in a biofloc system on the growth performance and disease resistance of red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis spp.). Three different probiotics (Lysinibacillus fusiformis SPS11, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens L9, and Enterococcus hirae LAB3), commercial probiotics (MG1) and a mixed probiotics (MP) combining all three strains were used in this study. The in vitro assay results showed that the mixed probiotic (MP) was able to inhibit the growth of Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus iniae significantly compared to the single and commercial probiotic. The efficacy of MP was further tested in in vivo tilapia culture challenged with S. agalactiae. The best specific growth rate (3.73 ± 0.23% day−1) and feed conversion ratio (0.76 ± 0.04) were recorded in the group of biofloc with addition of MP. After being challenged with S. agalactiae, the group of biofloc with MP had significantly higher survival (83 ± 1.43%) compared to the other groups. Furthermore, the nitrogen concentration (NO2-N and NH4-N) was significantly lower in all the biofloc groups compared to the control. Hence, the addition of probiotics was able to provide beneficial effects to red hybrid tilapia culture in the biofloc system.

scholarly journals Scutellarin Reduces Endothelium Dysfunction through the PKG-I Pathway

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohua Du ◽  
Chen Chen ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Donghua Cai ◽  
Jiaqi Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Level ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Dependent Protein Kinase ◽  
Endothelium Dysfunction ◽  
Pathway Activation ◽  
Dependent Protein ◽  
Hr Model

Purpose. In this report, we investigated the protective mechanism of scutellarin (SCU)in vitroandin vivowhich could be involved in endothelial cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG), vasodilator stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) pathway, and vascular endothelium dysfunction (EtD).Method. Human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) with hypoxia reoxygenation (HR) treatment and rats with cerebral ischemia reperfusion (CIR) treatment were applied. Protein and mRNA expression of PKG, VASP, and p-VASP were evaluated by Western blot and RT-PCR methods. Vascular EtD was assessed by using wire myography to determine endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in isolated rat basilar artery (BA).Result. In cultured HBMECs, SCU (0.1, 1, and 10 μM) increased cell viability, mRNA, protein level, and phosphorylative activity of PKG and VASP against HR injury. In HR model of BA, SCU increased protein level of P-VASP. In rat CIR model, wire myography demonstrated that SCU (45 and 90 mg/kg, i.v.) significantly reduced ischemic size by partially restoring the endothelium dependent vasodilation of BA; PKG inhibitor Rp-8-Br-cGMPS (50 μg/kg, i.v.) reversed this protection of SCU in CIR rats.Conclusion. SCU protects against cerebral vascular EtD through endothelial PKG pathway activation.

Metabolomics of Healthy Berry Fruits

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (37) ◽  
pp. 4888-4902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilda D'Urso ◽  
Sonia Piacente ◽  
Cosimo Pizza ◽  
Paola Montoro
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Berry Fruits

The consumption of berry-type fruits has become very popular in recent years because of their positive effects on human health. Berries are in fact widely known for their health-promoting benefits, including prevention of chronic disease, cardiovascular disease and cancer. Berries are a rich source of bioactive metabolites, such as vitamins, minerals, and phenolic compounds, mainly anthocyanins. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies recognized the health effects of berries and their function as bioactive modulators of various cell functions associated with oxidative stress. Plants have one of the largest metabolome databases, with over 1200 papers on plant metabolomics published only in the last decade. Mass spectrometry (MS) and NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) are the most important analytical technologies on which the emerging ''omics'' approaches are based. They may provide detection and quantization of thousands of biologically active metabolites from a tissue, working in a ''global'' or ''targeted'' manner, down to ultra-trace levels. In the present review, we highlighted the use of MS and NMR-based strategies and Multivariate Data Analysis for the valorization of berries known for their biological activities, important as food and often used in the preparation of nutraceutical formulations.

scholarly journals Strong Antimicrobial and Healing Effects of Beta-Acids from Hops in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus-Infected External Wounds In Vivo

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 708
Author(s):  
Radek Sleha ◽  
Vera Radochova ◽  
Jiri Malis ◽  
Alexander Mikyska ◽  
Milan Houska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Porcine Model ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Antimicrobial Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Inflammatory Parameters

Staphylococcus (S.) aureus is an important causative agent of wound infections with increasing incidence in the past decades. Specifically, the emergence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) causes serious problems, especially in nosocomial infections. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop of alternative or supportive antimicrobial therapeutic modalities to meet these challenges. Purified compounds from hops have previously shown promising antimicrobial effects against MRSA isolates in vitro. In this study, purified beta-acids from hops were tested for their potential antimicrobial and healing properties using a porcine model of wounds infected by MRSA. The results show highly significant antimicrobial effects of the active substance in both the powder and Ambiderman-based application forms compared to both no-treatment control and treatment with Framycoin. Moreover, the macroscopic evaluation of the wounds during the treatment using the standardized Wound Healing Continuum indicated positive effects of the beta-acids on the overall wound healing. This is further supported by the microscopic data, which showed a clear improvement of the inflammatory parameters in the wounds treated by beta-acids. Thus, using the porcine model, we demonstrate significant therapeutic effects of hops compounds in the management of wounds infected by MRSA. Beta-acids from hops, therefore, represent a suitable candidate for the treatment of non-responsive nosocomial tissue infections by MRSA.

scholarly journals Effect of a Rumen-Protected Microencapsulated Supplement from Linseed Oil on the Growth Performance, Meat Quality, and Fatty Acid Composition in Korean Native Steers

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1253
Author(s):  
Chae-Hyung Sun ◽  
Jae-Sung Lee ◽  
Jalil Ghassemi Nejad ◽  
Won-Seob Kim ◽  
Hong-Gu Lee
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ruminal Fluid

We evaluated the effects of a rumen-protected microencapsulated supplement from linseed oil (MO) on ruminal fluid, growth performance, meat quality, and fatty acid composition in Korean native steers. In an in vitro experiment, ruminal fluid was taken from two fistulated Holstein dairy cows. Different levels of MO (0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%) were added to the diet. In an in vivo experiment, eight steers (average body weight = 597.1 ± 50.26 kg; average age = 23.8 ± 0.12 months) were assigned to two dietary groups, no MO (control) and MO (3% MO supplementation on a DM basis), for 186 days. The in vitro study revealed that 3% MO is an optimal dose, as there were decreases in the neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber digestibility at 48 h (p < 0.05). The in vivo study showed increases in the feed efficiency and average daily gain in the 3% MO group compared to the control group on days 1 to 90 (p < 0.05). Regarding meat quality, the shear force produced by the longissimus thoracis muscle in steers from the 3% MO group was lower than that produced by the control group (p < 0.05). Interestingly, in terms of the fatty acid profile, higher concentrations of C22:6n3 were demonstrated in the subcutaneous fat and higher concentrations of C18:3n3, C20:3n3, and C20:5n3 were found in the intramuscular fat from steers fed with 3% MO (p < 0.05). Our results indicate that supplementation with 3% MO supplements improves the growth performance and meat quality modulated by the omega-3 fatty acid content of meat in Korean native steers.

scholarly journals Immunobiotic Feed Developed with Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. delbrueckii TUA4408L and the Soymilk By-Product Okara Improves Health and Growth Performance in Pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 921
Author(s):  
Yoshihito Suda ◽  
Nana Sasaki ◽  
Kyoma Kagawa ◽  
Mariano Elean ◽  
Binghui Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Lactobacillus Delbrueckii ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Intestinal Immunity ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Immune Health ◽  
Tlr4 Activation ◽  
Lactobacillus Delbrueckii Subsp

Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. delbrueckii TUA4408L is able to differentially modulate the innate immune response of porcine intestinal epithelial cells triggered by TLR4 activation. This strain also has a remarkable ability to grow on plant substrates. These two immunological and biotechnological characteristics prompted us to evaluate whether the soymilk by-product okara fermented with the TUA4408L strain can serve as an immunobiotic feed with the ability to beneficially modulate the intestinal immunity of piglets after weaning to improve their productivity. Our in vivo studies demonstrated that the administration of immunobiotic TUA4408L-fermented okara feed significantly increased piglet growth performance and meat quality. These positive effects were associated with the ability of the TUA4408L-fermented okara feed to beneficially modulate both intestinal microbiota and immunity in pigs. The immunobiotic feed improved the abundance of the beneficial bacteria Lactobacillus and Lactococcus in the gut of pigs, reduced blood markers of inflammation, and differentially regulated the expression of inflammatory and regulatory cytokines in the intestinal mucosa. These findings indicate that the immunobiotic TUA4408L-fermented okara feed could be an economical and environmentally friendly option to improve the growth performance and immune health of pigs.

Optimization of zinc oxide nanoparticle-catalyzed in vitro bilirubin photolysis and in vivo treatment of hyperbilirubinemia

Nanomedicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haq Nawaz ◽  
Iqra Naseem ◽  
Tanzila Rehman ◽  
Mubashir Nawaz
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Uv Exposure ◽  
Uv Treatment ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticle

Aim: To optimize the Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs)-catalyzed in vitro photolysis of bilirubin and to test their effect on bilirubin clearance in vivo. Materials & methods: ZnONPs, synthesized in an alkaline medium, were characterized. Response surface methodology was used to optimize the in vitro photolysis catalyzed by the nanoparticles (NPs). Blood samples from phenylhydrazine-induced hyperbilirubinemic rabbits which had been administered ZnONPs and UV light were analyzed to assess in vivo clearance of bilirubin. Results: The ZnONP-assisted UV treatment showed the linear and quadratic positive effects on the in vitro bilirubin photolysis with an optimal photolysis of bilirubin at 225 mg dl-1 concentration of ZnONPs and a UV exposure of 1.80 h. The ZnONP-assisted phototherapy of hyperbilirubinemic animals was also found to be more effective for in vivo clearance of bilirubin than phototherapy alone. Conclusion: After further trials, ZnONP-assisted phototherapy could be a potential treatment for hyperbilirubinemia in humans.

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase during grape berry development: protein level, enzyme activity and regulation

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paraskevi Diakou ◽  
Laurence Svanella ◽  
Philippe Raymond ◽  
Jean-Pierre Gaudillère ◽  
Annick Moing
Keyword(s):  
Malic Acid ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase ◽  
Phosphorylation Site ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Normal Acid

The protein level and regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC, EC 4.1.1.31, involved in malic acid synthesis) was studied during the fruit development of two grape (Vitis vinifera L.) varieties, ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ and ‘Gora Chirine’, with berries of normal and low organic acid content, respectively. The protein level and in vitro activity were higher in the low-acid variety than in the normal-acid variety for most stages. In vivo PEPC activity, measured using 14 CO2 labelling, was significantly higher in the low-acid variety than in the normal-acid variety about 1 week before and 1 week after veraison (the day which corresponds to the onset of ripening). However, partitioning into malate was the same for both varieties. Antibodies raised against the N-terminal part of SorghumPEPC recognised the grape berry PEPC, indicating the presence of the consensus phosphorylation site involved in PEPC regulation. PEPC phosphorylation status was estimated by studying sensitivity to pH and malate. Grape berry PEPC appeared more sensitive to low pH and malate during ripening (IC50 malate, 0.2–0.7 mM) compared to during the earlier stages of development (IC50 malate, 1.2–2 mM) for both varieties. Therefore, in the normal-acid variety, PEPC seems to participate in controlling malic acid accumulation but does not seem to control the differences in malic acid concentration observed between the two varieties.

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